This work was supported by the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) M&#252;nster (SEED 03/12, SB), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TR128, TP B6 to S.G.M. ME3283/2-1 to S.G.M.) and by Innovative Medizinische Forschung, M&#252;nster (I-BI111316, SB and SGM).

생쥐를 사용하는 모든 실험은 각 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회의 지침에 따라 수행되어야한다. 마우스 실험 1. 일반 댓글 <ol><li> 무균 상태에서 마우스를 유지하고 그들에게 음식과 물을 임의로에 액세스 할 수 있습니다. 참고 : 면역 학적 패턴은 나이와 성별에 따라 달라질 수 있기 때문에 실험 그룹의 나이와 성별 일치 마우스를 사용하는 것이 중요합니다. </li></ol> (2)의 제조 및 활성화 OVA 특이 CD8 + T 세포 (OT-I) <ol><li> 뇌 조각을 준비하기 전에 오일 후술 OT-I T 세포의 자극을 수행한다. 주 : 5 × 5 활성화 효과기 CD8 + OT-I T 세포 (CD8 + T 세포 MHC-I 분자의 컨텍스트에서 유일한 OVA 257-264 펩티드를 인식하는 트랜스 제닉 마우스)를 슬라이스마다 필요한 농도 5 × 10 5 실험을 선택했다세포가 동시에 슬라이스로 이주 시동 한번 좋은 세포 - 세포 상호 작용을 선호하는 최적 하나로 우방 세포의 양이 하나의 셀 (8, 18)를 계산하는 허용 과잉 반응을 유도하기 위해 너무 높지 않다. </li><li> OT-I T 세포를 배양 매체를 준비합니다. 5 % 소 태아 혈청 (FCS), 10 mM의 HEPES, 2 mM L- 글루타민 50 μM 2- 머 캅토 에탄올, 1 % 비 필수 아미노산 및 25 ㎍ / ml의 겐타 마이신을 500 ㎖의 DMEM을 보완. 사용할 때까지 4 ° C에서 매체를 저장합니다. </li><li> 참조 (16)에 따라 OT-I 형질 전환 마우스의 비장을 제거합니다. 준비된 매체로 전송합니다. </li><li> 5 분, 4 ° C 300 XG에 70 μm의 여과기 및 원심 분리기 서스펜션을 통해 비장를 매쉬업하여 단일 세포 현탁액을 생성합니다. </li><li> 적혈구를 용해시키기 위해 5 분 동안 5 ㎖ 암모늄, 염화 칼륨 (ACK) 완충액 (150 mM의 CL NH 4, 10 mM의 KHCO 3, 0.1 mM의 EDTA, pH를 7.3)와 세포 현탁액을 배양한다. </li><li> incubati 중지다시 10 ml의 배지를 원심 분리기에 함께 전술 한 바와 같이. </li><li> 매체에 세포 현탁액을 희석 수를 계산합니다. 판 3 × 10 7 세포의 밀도로 세포 / 웰에서 12 웰 플레이트 프라임 그들을 배양하여 OVA 257 - 264 (SIINFEKL 1 ㎚) 및 인터루킨 -2 (IL-2) (500 IU / ml)에 대한 오일. </li><li> 사일 후, 500 IU의 농도 / ㎖를 다시 IL-2를 추가한다. </li><li> 자극에이어서, 제조업 자의 지시에 따라 음성 선별 계 마우스 CD8 + T 세포 단리 키트를 사용하여 세포 현탁액으로부터 OT-I-T 세포를 정제. 정제는 CD4, CD11b를, 중 CD11c, CD19, CD45R (B220), CD49b (DX5), CD105, MHC 클래스 II, 테르-119 및 TCRγ에 대한 항체의 칵테일을 사용하여 모든 비 CD8가 + 세포의 고갈을 기반으로 / δ 후 정제 된 CD8 + T 세포의 용출 자석 열을 사용하여 폐기되는. 참고 :이 procedu에서 중요한 단계재를 제조하고 의해 표시된다 : 그것은 덩어리의 존재가 용출 단계 동안 열을 차단할 수 있기 때문에, 반응은 단 하나의 셀을 포함하는 것이 중요하다; Byotin 칵테일을 추가하기 전에 셀의 계산은 시료의 청정도에 중요하고 절차는 비특이적 항체 바인딩을 최소화하기 위해 얼음을 수행하여야한다. </li></ol> OT-I T 세포 급성 뇌 조각 및 공동 문화의 3. 준비 <ol><li> 급성 뇌의 제조에 앞서 19, 200 mM의 수크로오스로부터 20㎜ PIPES, 2.5mM의 KCL, 1.25 mM의의 NaH 2 PO 4, 10mM의 황산, 0.5 CaCl2를 10 mM의 덱 스트로스를 사용 placedine 차가운 생리 식염수 용액을 조제을 슬라이스 화 인공 뇌척수액 (ACSF), 125 mM의 염화나트륨, 2.5의 KCl을 사용하여 1.25의 NaH 2 PO 4, 24 mM의 NaHCO3을, 2 mM의 황산, 10 mM의 포도당 2 mM의 CaCl2를. 저기서으로 7.35에 각 솔루션의 산도를 조정g의 NaOH. ACSF의 pH를 조정하기 전에, 용액은 95 % O 2 및 5 % CO 2의 혼합물로 버블 링되어야한다. </li><li> 솔루션을 사전 냉각. </li><li> 8 마취 - (10 주 된 쥐를 예를 들면, C57BL 5.0 %의 이소 플루 란, 5.0 %의 할로 탄 또는 대기 IP를 통해 100 ㎎ / kg 케타민과 10 mg / kg 체중의 자일 라진 (xylazine)을 주사를 사용하여 제어 또는 흡입과 형질 전환 ODC-OVA 마우스 (17) / 6 마취. 마취의 수준을 평가하고, 한 번에 목을 벨 수있는 발가락 핀치를 사용하고 제도적 동물 보호에 따라 쥐를 안락사와 안락사에 대한위원회의 기준을 사용합니다. </li><li> 복부 위치에 마우스를 넣습니다. 소독 및 sagittally 두피를 잘라. , sagitally 두개골 뼈를 열고 국자의 도움으로 신속하게 뇌를 제거하고 접착제를 사용하여에 vibratome의 판에 끼 웁니다. </li><li> 준비된 placedine 얼음처럼 차가운 생리 식염수와 함께 접시를 채 웁니다. </li><li> 에 vibratome 300 μm의 관상 조각을 잘라. 참고 :이 절차는 알고있다n은 적어도 8 시간의 19 ~ 21 시간 내에 세포의 기능적 연구에 적합한 실행 가능한 그대로 티슈 시편을 얻었다. 사실, 이미 6 시간 후에 시작이 기간 후에, 준비는 품질 저하, 활동 전위 생성 및 전파 같은 기본적인 기능적인 특성, 즉 변화를 보여준다. </li><li> 절편 한 후, ACSF 가득 12 웰 플레이트의 각 웰에 즉시 한 조각을 전송합니다. </li><li> 조각 당 신중 5 × 10 5 OT-I T 세포를 추가합니다. </li><li> 인큐베이터에서 최대 8 시간 (37 ° C, 5 % CO 2)에 대한 슬라이스를 품어. </li><li> 잠복기, 수확 조각과 후의 OCT 화합물 조직-TEK를 사용하여 그것들을 포함하고 액체 질소에서 그들을 동결. 평가, 예를 들면에 더 조직 학적 연구를위한 -20 ° C에서 신경 세포의 구조 (예를 들어, 사용 방지 MAPII 또는 방지 synaptophysin에 항체) 또는 세포 사멸을 (를 저장 예를 들어, 안티 카스파-3 항체 및 안티 NeuN 안티를 사용하여시체) 표준 절차에 따라. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

다양한 동물 모델은 MS와 같은 염증성 탈수 초성 질환의 병리학 적 특징을 해결하기 위해 지난 수십 년에 걸쳐 설명되었다. 비보 마우스 및 래트 모델은 광범위 질환의 병태 생리 학적 특징을 모방하는 데 사용된다, 즉, 탈수 초화 및 재유 수화 처리의 결과 분석 염증 및 신경 퇴행의 섞일 에피소드. 그럼에도 불구하고, 단지 생체 방법은 정확한 기본 메커니즘을 해부 할 수 있습니다. <...

Death of oligodendrocytes and destruction of the myelin sheath accompanied by loss of neurons and axons are typical pathological findings in grey matter lesions in individuals suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS)1,2. Cortical lesions can be divided so far in three different subtypes2: subpial, intracortical and leukocortical lesions. In comparison to white matter plaques, infiltrates are characterized by a predominance of CD8+ T-cells, suggesting their possible decisive role in grey matter inflammation3. Furthermore, oligoclonal expansions in blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and within inflammatory lesions can be found for CD8+ T-cells themselves4-6. 
In line with this, it is assumed that CD8+ T-cells may be specific for different myelin proteins7,8. Indeed, CD8+ T-cells are found near oligodendrocytes and myelin sheaths9,10 that show MHC I expression11 and might therefore be responsible for the loss of the myelin sheath. This process is often seen together with extensive &#8216;&#8216;collateral&#8217;&#8217; neuronal and axonal damage within the central nervous system (CNS) grey matter1,2. In fact, direct and indirect death of oligodendrocytes and neurons is induced by CD8+ T-cells via two different mechanism: (i) cell membrane swelling and rupture due to the formation of cytotoxic granules following the release of perforins and granzymes and (ii) ligation to the Fas receptors or exposition of FasL on their surface8,12,13.
Different types of animal models are established to study the underlying mechanism of the mentioned processes. In this respect, primed CD8+ T-cells specific for autoantigens with induced expression in CNS glial cells, like oligodendrocytes or astrocytes, can be adoptively transferred to analyse &#8216;&#8216;collateral&#8217;&#8217; neuronal and axonal death in grey matter subsequently14,15. To perform such in vivo experiments is a big help to mimic some pathophysiological aspects of MS, however, this approach is not suited to resolve the underlying mechanism and kinetics of axonal damage and neuronal apoptosis.
To overcome these restrictions, an ex vivo approach was established to study the mechanisms and time course of neuronal cell death following a oligondendrocytes-directed CD8+ T-cell attack. Since only oligodendrocytes and therefore myelin sheath production should be targeted by immune cells, MHC class-I-restricted, ovalbumin (OVA)-reactive OT-I Tcells are used16. These cells are subsequently transferred into brain slices obtained from mice selectively expressing OVA in oligodendrocytes (ODC-OVA mice)17.

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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">12-Well-plate</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31350-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">2-Methylbutan</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3927.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">70 &#181;m strainer</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.02382.0500</td>
			<td>calcium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">CD8+-isolation kit</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Miltenyi Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">130-090-859</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">D(+)-glukose</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.08337.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31966-021</td>
			<td>warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E5134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">FCS</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">PAA Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A15-151</td>
			<td>fetal calve serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">gentamicin</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15750-060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">HEPES 1M</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15630-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">IL-2</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">212-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">Isofluran</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Abbott</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">05260-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.04933.0500</td>
			<td>potassium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">KHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P9144</td>
			<td>potassium hydrogen carbonate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">L-Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35050-038</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">MgSO4</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.05886.0500</td>
			<td>magnesium sulfate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31434</td>
			<td>sodium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">NaH2PO4 * H2O</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.06346.0500</td>
			<td>sodium hydrogen phosphate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.06329.0500</td>
			<td>sodium hydrogen carbonate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">NaOH</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.09137.1000</td>
			<td>sodium hydroxide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">NH4Cl</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">213330</td>
			<td>ammonium chloride</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">Non Essential Amino Acid</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">OVA (257-264)</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Genscript</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RP10611</td>
			<td>ovalbumin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:216px;">PIPES</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P6757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">Sukrose</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.07687.1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">Tissue-Tek OCT</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sakura</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an ex vivo model of an oligodendrocyte-directed t-cell attack in acute brain slices

Death of oligodendrocytes accompanied by destruction of neurons and axons are typical histopathological findings in cortical and subcortical grey matter lesions in inflammatory demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). In these disorders, mainly CD8+ T-cells of putative specificity for myelin- and oligodendrocyte-related antigens are found, so that neuronal apoptosis in grey matter lesions may be a collateral effect of these cells. Different types of animal models are established to study the underlying mechanisms of the mentioned pathophysiological processes. However, although they mimic some aspects of MS, it is impossible to dissect the exact mechanism and time course of &#8216;&#8216;collateral&#8217;&#8217; neuronal cell death. To address this course, here we show a protocol to study the mechanisms and time response of neuronal damage following an oligodendrocyte-directed CD8+ T cell attack. To target only the myelin sheath and the oligodendrocytes, in vitro activated oligodendrocyte-specific CD8+ T-cells are transferred into acutely isolated brain slices. After a defined incubation period, myelin and neuronal damage can be analysed in different regions of interest. Potential applications and limitations of this model will be discussed.

희소 돌기 아교 세포 지시 CD8 + T 세포와 뇌 조각의 배양 후, 희소 돌기 아교 세포뿐만 아니라 신경 세포 사멸 (도 2a 및도 1C, 각각을) 받다. 아폽토시스 학적 징후 (예, 카스파 제 -3, Tunel에)은 초기 배양은 3 시간 후에 검출 될 수있다. 부화 기간은 준비하고 재현 가능한 결과의 좋은 품질을 보장​​하기 위해 더 이상 8 시간 이하 여야한다. 사멸 세포는 모든 유수 지역에서...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices at JoVE.com

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

To address mechanisms of demyelination and neuronal apoptosis in cortical lesions of inflammatory demyelinating disorders, different animal models are used. We here describe an ex vivo approach by using oligodendrocyte-specific CD8+ T-cells on brain slices, resulting in oligodendroglial and neuronal death. Potential applications and limitations of the model are discussed.

<em&gt; 생체 내</em&gt; 급성 뇌 조각의 희소 돌기 아교 세포 지시 T 세포 공격의 모델

Death of oligodendrocytes accompanied by destruction of neurons and axons are typical histopathological findings in cortical and subcortical grey matter ...

an-ex-vivo-model-an-oligodendrocyte-directed-t-cell-attack-acute

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

6.8K 조회수.  University of Münster. To address mechanisms of demyelination and neuronal apoptosis in cortical lesions of inflammatory demyelinating disorders, different animal models are used. We here describe an ex vivo approach by using oligodendrocyte-specific CD8+ T-cells on brain slices, resulting in oligodendroglial and neuronal death. Potential applications and limitations of the model are discussed.