Multi-Fiber Photometry to Record Neural Activity in Freely-Moving Animals

Summary

This protocol details how to implement and perform multi-fiber photometry recordings, how to correct for calcium-independent artifacts, and important considerations for dual-color photometry imaging.

Abstract

Recording the activity of a group of neurons in a freely-moving animal is a challenging undertaking. Moreover, as the brain is dissected into smaller and smaller functional subgroups, it becomes paramount to record from projections and/or genetically-defined subpopulations of neurons. Fiber photometry is an accessible and powerful approach that can overcome these challenges. By combining optical and genetic methodologies, neural activity can be measured in deep brain structures by expressing genetically-encoded calcium indicators, which translate neural activity into an optical signal that can be easily measured. The current protocol details the components of a multi-fiber photometry system, how to access deep brain structures to deliver and collect light, a method to account for motion artifacts, and how to process and analyze fluorescent signals. The protocol details experimental considerations when performing single and dual color imaging, from either single or multiple implanted optic fibers.

Introduction

The ability to correlate neural responses with specific aspects of an animal’s behavior is critical to understand the role a particular group of neurons plays in directing or responding to an action or stimulus. Given the complexity of animal behavior, with the myriad of internal states and external stimuli that can affect even the simplest of actions, recording a signal with single-trial resolution equips researchers with the necessary tools to overcome these limitations.

Fiber photometry has become the technique of choice for many researchers in the field of systems neuroscience because of its relative simplicity compared to other i....

Protocol

All experiments were done in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees of the University of California, San Diego, and the Canadian Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Université Laval Animal Protection Committee. 

1. Alignment of the optical path between the CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) camera and the individual or branching patch cord

1. Loosen all screws on the 5-axis translator (11, Figure 2B).
2. Screw in the patch cord (12, Figure 2B) to t....

Results

Neural correlates of behavioral responses can vary depending on a variety of factors. In this example, we used in vivo fiber photometry to measure the activity of axon terminals from the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) that terminate in the lateral habenula (LHb). Wild type mice were injected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding GCaMP6s (AAV-hSyn-GCaMP6s) in the LHA and an optic fiber was implanted with the tip immediately above the LHb (Figure 4A). GCaMP6s expressi.......

Discussion

Fiber photometry is an accessible approach that allows researchers to record bulk-calcium dynamics from defined neuronal populations in freely-moving animals. This method can be combined with a wide range of behavioral tests, including “movement heavy” tasks such as forced swim tests², fear-conditioning¹⁸, social interactions^1,4, and others^7,8

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
1/4"-20 Stainless Steel Cap Screw, 1" Long	Thorlabs	SH25S100
1/4"-20 Stainless Steel Cap Screw, 1/2" Long	Thorlabs	SH25S050
1/4"-20 Stainless Steel Cap Screw, 3/8" Long	Thorlabs	SH25S038
1000 µm, 0.50 NA, SMA-SMA Fiber Patch Cable	Thorlabs	M59L01
12.7 mm Optical Post	Thorlabs	TR30/M
12.7 mm Pedestal Post Holder	Thorlabs	PH20EM
15 V, 2.4 A Power Supply Unit with 3.5 mm Jack Connector for T-Cube	Thorlabs	KPS101
20x objective	Thorlabs	RMS20X	#10 in Figure 2, #11 in Figure 5
30 mm Cage Cube with Dichroic Filter Mount	Thorlabs	CM1-DCH/M	#8-9 in Figure 2, #8-10 in Figure 5
405 nm LED	Doric Lenses	CLED_405	#2 in Figure 2
410 nm bandpass filter	Thorlabs	FB410-10	#5 in Figure 2; #7 in Figure 5
465 nm. LED	Doric Lenses	CLED_465	#1 in Figure 2
470 nm bandpass filter	Thorlabs	FB470-10	#4 in Figure 2; #6 in Figure 5
560 nm bandpass filter	Semrock	FF01-560/14-25	#5 in Figure 5
560 nm LED	Doric Lenses	CLED_560	#1 in Figure 3
5-axis kinematic Mount	Thorlabs	K5X1	#11 in Figure 2, #12 in Figure 5
Achromatic Doublet	Thorlabs	AC254-035-A-ML	#7 in Figure 2
Adaptor for 405 collimator	Thorlabs	AD11F	#3 in Figure 2; #4 in Figure 5
Adaptor for ajustable collimator	Thorlabs	AD127-F	#3 in Figure 2; #4 in Figure 5
Aluminum Breadboard	Thorlabs	MB1824
Clamping Fork	Thorlabs	CF125
Cube connector	Thorlabs	CM1-CC
Dual 493/574 dichroic	Semrock	FF493/574-Di01-25x36	#10 in Figure 5
Emission filter for GCaMP6	Semrock	FF01-535/22-25	#6 in Figure 2
Enclosure with Black Hardboard Panels	Thorlabs	XE25C9
Externally SM1-Threaded End Cap for Machining	Thorlabs	SM1CP2M
Fast-change SM1 Lens Tube Filter Holder	Thorlabs	SM1QP	#4-6 in Figure 2, #5-7 in Figure 5
Fixed Collimator for 405 nm light	Thorlabs	F671SMA-405	#3 in Figure 2; #4 in Figure 5
Fixed collimator for 470 and 560 nm light	Thorlabs	F240SMA-532	#3 in Figure 2; #4 in Figure 5
Green emission filter	Semrock	FF01-520/35-25	In light beam splitter
High-Resolution USB 3.0 CMOS Camera	Thorlabs	DCC3260M	#13 in Figure 2, #15 in Figure 5
Light beam splitter	Neurophotometrics	SPLIT	#14 in Figure 5
Longpass Dichroic Mirror, 425 nm Cutoff	Thorlabs	DMLP425R	#8 in Figure 2, #9 in Figure 5
Longpass Dichroic Mirror, 495 nm Cutoff	Semrock	FF495-Di03	#9 in Figure 2, #8 in Figure 5
Metabond dental cement	C&B
M8 - M8 cable	Doric Lenses	Cable_M8-M8
Optic fiber cannulas	Doric Lenses		Need to specify that these will be used to photometry experiments requiring low autofluorescence
Optic fiber Patchcords	Doric Lenses		Need to specify that these will be used to photometry experiments requiring low autofluorescence
Red emission filter	Semrock	FF01-600/37-25	In light beam splitter
T7 LabJack	LabJack
T-cube LED Driver	Thorlabs	LEDD1B
USB 3.0 I/O Cable, Hirose 25, for DCC3240	Thorlabs	CAB-DCU-T3