In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

Summary

Here, we describe the use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to visualize retinal and ocular structures in vivo in models of retinal degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and myopia.

Abstract

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is useful for visualizing retinal and ocular structures in vivo. In research, SD-OCT is a valuable tool to evaluate and characterize changes in a variety of retinal and ocular disease and injury models. In light induced retinal degeneration models, SD-OCT can be used to track thinning of the photoreceptor layer over time. In glaucoma models, SD-OCT can be used to monitor decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and total retinal thickness and to observe optic nerve cupping after inducing ocular hypertension. In diabetic rodents, SD-OCT has helped researchers observe decreased total retinal thickness as well as decreased thickness of specific retinal layers, particularly the retinal nerve fiber layer with disease progression. In mouse models of myopia, SD-OCT can be used to evaluate axial parameters, such as axial length changes. Advantages of SD-OCT include in vivo imaging of ocular structures, the ability to quantitatively track changes in ocular dimensions over time, and its rapid scanning speed and high resolution. Here, we detail the methods of SD-OCT and show examples of its use in our laboratory in models of retinal degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and myopia. Methods include anesthesia, SD-OCT imaging, and processing of the images for thickness measurements.

Introduction

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a precise, high-resolution imaging modality that allows clinicians and researchers to examine ocular structures noninvasively. This imaging technique is based on interferometry to capture three-dimensional retinal images in vivo on a micrometer scale^1,2. It has become one of the most frequently used imaging modalities in vision research and in the clinic due to the easy detection and accuracy of pathological features such as structural defects and/or thinning of retinal layers and subretinal fluid³. In research using animal models....

Protocol

All procedures described were approved by the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publications, 8^th edition, updated 2011).

NOTE: The SD-OCT system used to develop the protocol below is described in the Table of Materials. While some of the procedures are specific to this particular system, the overall approach can be adapted for .......

Discussion

High resolution imaging of ocular structures in vivo allows for the assessment of retinal and ocular changes over time. In this protocol, SD-OCT was demonstrated to capture differences in ocular structures in vivo in models of retinal degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and myopia.

The most critical aspect when performing SD-OCT is obtaining a clear image of the retina or other ocular structure of interest. It is important to take time to make sure the retina is perfectly centered an.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
1% tropicamide	Sandoz	Sandoz #6131403550; NDC- 24208-585-59
0.5% tetracaine	Alcon	NDC 0065-0741-12
AIM-RAS G3 120 V	Leica Bioptigen	90-AIMRAS-G3-120	Specialized platform to hold the OCT Scanner Head for mice
Celluvisc gel	REFRESH CELLUVISC	#4554; NDC-0023-4554-30
G3 18 mm Telecentric Lens	Leica Bioptigen	90-BORE-G3-18
G3 Mouse Lens	Leica Bioptigen	90-BORE-G3-M
G3 Rat Lens	Leica Bioptigen	90-BORE-G3-R
heating pad	Fabrication	11-1130
InVivoVue software	Leica Bioptigen		Specialized software that pairs with the Leica Bioptigen SD-OCT system
MATLAB	Mathworks		mathematical modeling program
Mouse/Rat Kit	Leica Bioptigen	90-KIT-M/R	Mouse/rat rodent alignment system
saline	ADDIPAK	200-39
System Envisu R4300 VHR 120 V	Leica Bioptigen	90-R4300-V1-120	SD-OCT system