Measuring Composition of CD95 Death-Inducing Signaling Complex and Processing of Procaspase-8 in this Complex

Summary

Here, an experimental workflow is presented that enables the detection of caspase-8 processing directly at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and determines the composition of this complex. This methodology has broad applications, from unraveling the molecular mechanisms of cell death pathways to the dynamic modeling of apoptosis networks.

Abstract

Extrinsic apoptosis is mediated by the activation of death receptors (DRs) such as CD95/Fas/APO-1 or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptor 1/receptor 2 (TRAIL-R1/R2). Stimulation of these receptors with their cognate ligands leads to the assembly of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). DISC comprises DR, the adaptor protein Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), procaspases-8/-10, and cellular FADD-like interleukin (IL)-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory proteins (c-FLIPs). The DISC serves as a platform for procaspase-8 processing and activation. The latter occurs via its dimerization/oligomerization in the death effector domain (DED) filaments assembled at the DISC.

Activation of procaspase-8 is followed by its processing, which occurs in several steps. In this work, an established experimental workflow is described that allows the measurement of DISC formation and the processing of procaspase-8 in this complex. The workflow is based on immunoprecipitation techniques supported by western blot analysis. This workflow allows careful monitoring of different steps of procaspase-8 recruitment to the DISC and its processing and is highly relevant for investigating molecular mechanisms of extrinsic apoptosis.

Introduction

One of the best-studied death receptors (DRs) is CD95 (Fas, APO-1). The extrinsic apoptotic pathway starts with the interaction of the DR with its cognate ligand, i.e., CD95L interacts with CD95 or TRAIL binds to TRAIL-Rs. This results in the formation of the DISC at the corresponding DR. DISC consists of CD95, FADD, procaspase-8/-10, and c-FLIP proteins^1,2. Furthermore, the DISC is assembled by interactions between death domain (DD)-containing proteins, such as CD95 and FADD, and DED-containing proteins such as FADD, procaspase-8/-10, and c-FLIP (Figure 1). Procaspase-8 ....

Protocol

​T cell experiments were performed according to the ethical agreement 42502-2-1273 Uni MD.

1. Preparing cells for the experiment

NOTE: The average number of cells for this immunoprecipitation is 1 × 10⁷_. Adherent cells have to be seeded one day before the experiment so that there are 1 × 10⁷ cells on the day of the experiment.

1. Preparing adherent cells for the experiment
   1. Seed 5-8 × 10⁶ adherent cells in 20 mL of medium (see the Table of Materials for the composition) for each condition in 14.5 cm dishes o....

Results

To analyze caspase-8 recruitment to the DISC and its processing at the CD95 DISC, this paper describes a classical workflow, which combines IP of the CD95 DISC with western blot analysis. This allows the detection of several key features of caspase-8 activation at the DISC: the assembly of the caspase-8-activating macromolecular platform, recruitment of procaspase-8 to the DISC, and the processing of this initiator caspase (Figure 1 and Figure 2). This workflow .......

Discussion

This approach was first described by Kischkel et al.²⁷ and has successfully been developed since then by several groups. Several important issues have to be considered for efficient DISC-immunoprecipitation and monitoring caspase-8 processing in this complex.

First, it is essential to follow all washing steps during immunoprecipitation. Especially important are the final washing steps of the sepharose beads and the drying of the sepharose beads. This must be done correc.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
12.5% SDS gel	self made		for two separating gels: 3.28 mL distilled H2O 2.5 mL Tris; pH 8.8; 1.5 M 4.06 mL acrylamide 100 µL 10% SDS 100 µL 10% APS 7.5 µL TEMED for two collecting gels: 3.1 mL distilled H2O 1.25 mL Tris; pH 6.8; 1.5 M 0.5 mL acrylamide 50 µL 10% SDS 25 µL 10% APS 7.5 µL TEMED
14.5 cm cell dishes	Greiner	639160
acrylamide	Carl Roth	A124.1
anti-actin Ab	Sigma Aldrich	A2103	dilution: 1:4000 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-APO-1 Ab	provided in these experiments by Prof. P. Krammer or can be purchased by Enzo	ALX-805-038-C100	used only for immunoprecipitation
anti-caspase-10 Ab	Biozol	MBL-M059-3	dilution: 1:1000 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-caspase-3 Ab	cell signaling	9662 S	dilution: 1:2000 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-caspase-8 Ab C15	provided in these experiments by Prof. P. Krammer or can be purchased by ENZO	ALX-804-242-C100	dilution: 1:20 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-CD95 Ab	Santa Cruz	sc-715	dilution: 1:2000 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-c-FLIP NF6 Ab	provided in these experiments by Prof. P. Krammer or can be purchased by ENZO	ALX-804-961-0100	dilution: 1:10 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-FADD 1C4 Ab	provided in these experiments by Prof. P. Krammer or can be purchased by ENZO	ADI-AAM-212-E	dilution: 1:10 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
anti-PARP Ab	cell signaling	9542	dilution: 1:1000 in PBST + 1:100 NaN3
APS	Carl Roth	9592.3
β-mercaptoethanol	Carl Roth	4227.2
Bradford solution Protein Assay Dye Reagent Concentrate 450ml	Bio Rad	500-0006	used according to manufacturer's instructions
CD95L	provided in these experiments by Prof. P. Krammer or can be purchased by ENZO	ALX-522-020-C005
chemoluminescence detector Chem Doc XRS+	Bio Rad
cOmplete Protese Inhibitor Cocktail (PIC)	Sigma Aldrich	11 836 145 001	prepared according to manufacturer's instructions
DPBS (10x) w/o Ca, Mg	PAN Biotech	P04-53500	dilution 1:10 with H2O, storage in the fridge
eletrophoresis buffer	self made		10x electrophoresis buffer: 60.6 g Tris 288 g glycine 20 g SDS ad 2 L H2O 1:10 dilution before usage
glycine	Carl Roth	3908.3
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG1 HRP	SouthernBiotech	1070-05	dilution 1:10.000 in PBST + 5% milk
Goat Anti-Mouse IgG2b	SouthernBiotech	1090-05	dilution 1:10.000 in PBST + 5% milk
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP	SouthernBiotech	4030-05	dilution 1:10.000 in PBST + 5% milk
Interleukin-2 Human(hIL-2)	Merckgroup/ Roche	11011456001	for activation of T cells
KCl	Carl Roth	6781.2
KH2PO4	Carl Roth	3904.1
loading buffer 4x Laemmli Sample Buffer,10 mL	Bio Rad	161-0747	prepared according to manufacturer's instructions
Luminata Forte Western HRP substrate	Millipore	WBLUFO500
lysis buffer	self made		13.3 mL Tris-HCl; pH 7.4; 1.5 M 27.5 mL NaCl; 5 M 10 mL EDTA; 2 mM 100 mL Triton X-100 add 960 mL H2O
medium for adhaerent cells DMEM F12 (1:1) w stable Glutamine,  2,438 g/L	PAN Biotech	P04-41154	adding 10% FCS, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin and 0.0001% Puromycin to the medium
medium for primary T cells	gibco by Life Technologie	21875034	adding 10% FCS and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin to the medium
milk powder	Carl Roth	T145.4
Na2HPO4	Carl Roth	P030.3
NaCl	Carl Roth	3957.2
PBST	self made		20x PBST: 230 g NaCl 8 g KCl 56.8 g Na2HPO4 8 g KH2PO4 20 mL Tween-20 ad 2 L H2O dilution 1:20 before usage
PBST + 5% milk	self made		50 g milk powder + 1 L PBST
PHA	Thermo Fisher Scientific	R30852801	for actavation of T ells
Power Pac HC	Bio Rad
Precision Plus Protein Standard All Blue	Bio Rad	161-0373	use between 3-5 µL
Protein A Sepharose CL-4B beads	Novodirect/ Th.Geyer	GE 17-0780-01	affinity resin beads prepared according to manufacturer's instructions
scraper	VWR	734-2602
SDS	Carl Roth	4360.2
shaker	Heidolph
sodium azide	Carl Roth	K305.1
TEMED	Carl Roth	2367.3
Trans Blot Turbo mini-size transfer stacks	Bio Rad	170-4270	used according to manufacturer's instructions
TransBlot Turbo 5x Transfer Buffer	Bio Rad	10026938	prepared according to manufacturer's instructions
TransBlot Turbo Mini-size nictrocellulose membrane	Bio Rad	170-4270	used according to manufacturer's instructions
Trans-Blot-Turbo	Bio Rad
Tris	Chem Solute	8,08,51,000
Triton X-100	Carl Roth	3051.4
Tween-20	Pan Reac Appli Chem	A4974,1000