Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Primary Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells

Summary

Here we outline and demonstrate a protocol for primary mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) isolation. The protocol is based on liver collagenase perfusion, nonparenchymal cell purification by low-speed centrifugation, and CD146 magnetic bead selection. We also phenotype and characterize these isolated LSECs using flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized endothelial cells located at the interface between the circulation and the liver parenchyma. LSECs have a distinct morphology characterized by the presence of fenestrae and the absence of basement membrane. LSECs play essential roles in many pathological disorders in the liver, including metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. However, little has been published about the isolation and characterization of the LSECs. Here, this protocol discusses the isolation of LSEC from both healthy and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. The protocol is based on collagenase perfusion of the mouse liver and magnetic beads positive selection of nonparenchymal cells to purify LSECs. This study characterizes LSECs using specific markers by flow cytometry and identifies the characteristic phenotypic features by scanning electron microscopy. LSECs isolated following this protocol can be used for functional studies, including adhesion and permeability assays, as well as downstream studies for a particular pathway of interest. In addition, these LSECs can be pooled or used individually, allowing multi-omics data generation including RNA-seq bulk or single cell, proteomic or phospho-proteomics, and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), among others. This protocol will be useful for investigators studying LSECs' communication with other liver cells in health and disease and allow an in-depth understanding of the role of LSECs in the pathogenic mechanisms of acute and chronic liver injury.

Introduction

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) line the hepatic sinusoid walls and are the most abundant nonparenchymal cells in the liver¹. LSECs are distinguished from other capillary endothelial cells elsewhere in the body by the presence of fenestrae and the lack of a classical basement membrane or a diaphragm^2,3. Hence, the LSECs possess distinctive phenotypic and structural characteristics that enhance their permeability and endocytic capacity to eliminate a variety of circulating macromolecules, including lipids and lipoproteins. LSECs play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between par....

Protocol

Animal protocols were conducted as approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Mayo Clinic. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory. Mice were housed in a temperature-controlled 12:12-h light-dark cycle facility with free access to diet.

1. Preparation of collagen-coated culture dish or plate

1. To make 50 mL of 0.02 mol/L acetic acid, add 0.6 mL of glacial acetic acid to 49.4 mL of H₂O.
2. .......

Discussion

In the current manuscript, we describe a protocol for LSEC isolation from mouse liver consisting of two-step collagenase perfusion and subsequent magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). This protocol consists of the following three steps: (1) Perfusion through the PV with a calcium-free buffer followed by a collagenase-containing buffer to achieve liver cell dispersion; (2) Exclusion of hepatocytes with low-speed centrifugation; and (3) MACS-based positive selection of LSECs from nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) using anti-CD.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
2.0-inch 20 G Intra Venous (IV) catheter	Terumo, SOmerset, NJ, USA	SR-OX2051CA
2–3-inch perfuion tray with a hole in the center			customized; made in house
405/520 viability dye	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-110-205
4-inch regular curved dressing forceps	Fisher Brand	FS16-100-110
5-0 Perma-Hand silk suture	Ethicon, Raritan, NJ, USA	A182H
Anti-stabilin-2 (Mouse) mAb-Alexa Fluorà 488	MBL International, Woburn, MA, USA	D317-A48
BSA stock	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-091-376
Anti-CD146 (LSEC)-PE, anti-mouse	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-118-407
CD146 (LSEC) MicroBeads, mouse	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-092-007
Anti-CD45-Viogreen, anti-mouse	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-110-803
Collagen type I	Corning, Corning, NY, USA	354236
Collagenase II	Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA	17101-015
Endothelial cells growth medium	ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA	211-500
FcR blocking reagent, mouse	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-092-575
FlowJo software, version 10.6	Becton, Dickinson and Company
Hardened Fine scissors	F.S.T, Foster city, CA, USA	14091-11
Heated (37 °C) and humidified recirculating perfusion apparatus equipped with Oxygen injection at a rate of 10psi.			customized; made in house
Hitachi S 4700 scanning electron microscope	Hitachi Inc, Pleasanton, CA, USA	SEM096
LS columns	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-042-401
MACS pre-separation filters (70 μm)	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-095-823
MACS rinsing buffer	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-091-222
MACS Smart Strainer (70 μm)	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany	130-098-462
MACSQunt flow cytometer	Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
Millicell Cell Culture Insert	Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA, USA	PITP01250
Nexcelom cell counter	Nexcelom bioscience, Lawrence, MA, USA	Cellometer Auto T4 Plus
Percoll	GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA	17-0891-01
Surgical scissors	F.S.T, Foster city, CA, USA	14001-12
Very small curved dressing forceps	F.S.T, Foster city, CA, USA	11063-07