Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Summary

Ocular surface inflammation harms the ocular surface tissues and compromises vital functions of the eye. The present protocol describes a method to induce ocular inflammation and collect compromised tissues in a mouse model of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Abstract

Ocular surface diseases include a range of disorders that disturb the functions and structures of the cornea, conjunctiva, and the associated ocular surface gland network. Meibomian glands (MG) secrete lipids that create a covering layer that prevents the evaporation of the aqueous part of the tear film. Neutrophils and extracellular DNA traps populate MG and the ocular surface in a mouse model of allergic eye disease. Aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps (aggNETs) formulate a mesh-like matrix composed of extracellular chromatin that occludes MG outlets and conditions MG dysfunction. Here, a method for inducing ocular surface inflammation and MG dysfunction is presented. The procedures for collecting organs related to the ocular surface, such as the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelids, are described in detail. Using established techniques for processing each organ, the major morphological and histopathological features of MG dysfunction are also shown. Ocular exudates offer the opportunity to assess the inflammatory state of the ocular surface. These procedures enable the investigation of topical and systemic anti-inflammatory interventions at the preclinical level.

Introduction

Every blink of an eye replenishes the smooth tear film dispersed over the cornea. The ocular surface epithelia facilitate the distribution and correct orientation of the tear film on the ocular surface. Mucins are provided by the cornea and conjunctiva epithelial cells to help position the aqueous part of the tear film coming from the lacrimal glands on the eyes' surface. Finally, MG secretes lipids that create a covering layer that prevents the evaporation of the aqueous part of the tear film^1,2,3. In this fashion, the coordinated functions of all the ocular organs prote....

Protocol

All procedures involving animals were conducted according to the institutional guidelines on animal welfare and approved by the animal welfare commission of the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) (permit number: 55.2.2-2532-2-1217). Female C57Bl/6 mice, aged 7-9 weeks were used for the present study. The mice were obtained from commercial sources (see Table of Materials) and kept in specific pathogen-free conditions with 12 h day/night cycles.

1. Ind.......

Discussion

The oily secretion of the Meibomian glands is of great importance for a healthy eye²². However, the obstruction of these sebaceous glands by aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps (aggNETs) that line up as parallel strands located on the tarsal plates of both eyelids can disrupt the tear film²³. This disruption results in Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)¹ and accelerated tear evaporation and conditions the damage of the ocular surface

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
1x PBS	Gibco
Aluminium Hydroxide	Imject alum Adjuvant	77161	40 mg/ mL Final Concentration: in vivo: 1 mg/ 100 µL
C57Bl/6 mice, aged 7–9 weeks	Charles River Laboratories
Calcium	Carl roth	CN93.1	1 M Final Concentration: 5 mM
Curved forceps	FST by Dumont SWITZERLAND	5/45 11251-35
Fine sharp scissor	FST Stainless steel, Germany	15001-08
Laminar safety cabinet	Herasafe
Macrophotography Camera	Canon	EOS6D
Macrophotography Camera (without IR filter)	Nikon	D5300
Mnase	New England biolabs	M0247S	2 x 106 gel U/mL
Multi-analyte flow assay kit (Custom mouse 13-plex panel)	Biolegend	CLPX-200421AM-UERLAN
NaCl 0,9% (Saline)	B.Braun
Ovalbumin (OVA)	Endofit, Invivogen	9006-59-1	10 mg/200 µL in saline
Pertussis toxin	ThermoFisher Scientific	PHZ1174	50 µg/ 500 µL in saline Final Concentration: in vivo: 100 µg/ 100 µL
Petridish	Greiner bio-one	628160
Scalpel	Feather disposable scalpel	No. 21	Final Concentration: in vivo:  300 ng/ 100 µL
Stereomicroscope	Zaiss	Stemi508
Syringe (corneal/iris washing)	BD Microlane	27 G x 3/4 - Nr.20 0,4 x 19 mm
Syringe (i.p immunization)	BD Microlane	24 G1"-Nr 17, 055* 25 mm