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Method Article
* These authors contributed equally
Here, we present a protocol to describe the methodology for the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach in detail.
The manuscript describes the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) for thyroid lobectomy. The patient is placed in the supine position with extension and fixation of the neck. One 20 mm transverse incision and two 5 mm incisions are made through the mucosa of the oral vestibule for camera and instrument placement after disinfection of the skin and oral cavity. The workspace is established and maintained by the skin suspension device, which is made of unabsorbable string (3-0) and rubber bands, and the CO2 insufflation pressure. Lobectomy using a medial-to-lateral technique and prophylactic ipsilateral central neck dissection is performed simultaneously on patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The specimen is extracted through the 20 mm incision. The parathyroid gland is immediately searched for in the specimen and auto-transplanted to the left brachioradialis. A drainage tube is inserted through the retractor hole into the bed of the thyroid gland, and absorbable sutures are used to close the mucosal incisions in the oral vestibule and the linea alba cervicalis. Prophylactics administered intravenously are recommended for the first 24 h after surgery, and oral antibiotics are used for 7 days postoperatively.
Conventional open thyroidectomy has been safely performed using a cervical incision for more than 100 years1. Although most patients have efficient scar healing and the cosmetic effect is generally acceptable, a permanent scar on the neck always draws immediate attention from common observers2. Nearly 20% of post-thyroidectomy patients experience self-awareness, and more than 10% consider further treatments to remove the scar3. Moreover, a negative impact of the cervical incision on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has also been reported4. Varied remote-access approaches for thyroid surgery, such as axillobreast, transaxillary, retroauricular, and subclavian approaches, have been developed to avoid a visible neck scar5,6,7,8 by moving the cutaneous incision to less conspicuous locations.9 However, these approaches require wide-flap dissection to access the thyroid gland and still leave cutaneous scars at the incision sites10.
Since 2008, techniques for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for transoral thyroid surgery have been developed. These can be performed via the oral vestibular approach or the sublingual approach. The former is more popular because it is associated with fewer complications. In 2016, Anuwong published the first case series of 60 patients undergoing the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) and identified an excellent prognosis11. In comparison with the remote-access methods, TOETVA is considered truly minimally invasive because the area of the flap dissection is similar to conventional open thyroidectomy, and it does not leave any scars on the body10.
TOETVA, a revolutionary endoscopic method, meets women's cosmetic needs and allows easy access to the bilateral thyroid and central compartment12. It is distinguished by the complete exposure and dissection of the central lymph nodes, which is beneficial in treating differentiated thyroid cancer with cN1a10,13,14,15. However, because of the limited operating space, dealing with large tumors in the upper pole of the thyroid gland is relatively challenging. The current study describes the step-by-step procedures of TOETVA.
The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2018[457]), and written informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
1. Preoperative preparation
2. Surgical preparation
Figure 1: A schematic of the operating room layout. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.
3. Designing the incisions and establishing the working space (Figure 2)
Figure 2: Positioning of the patient and the laparoscopic ports. The center one is the camera port. Arm I and Arm II are for instrument placement. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.
Figure 3: The traction suspension device. The arrow points at the traction suspension device. The suspension device is made of unabsorbable string (3-0) and rubber bands. Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.
4. Thyroid lobectomy
5. Central lymph node dissection
6. Removal of the specimen and closure
7. Parathyroid gland autotransplantation
We set up a routine clinical pathway for patients with TOETVA at the center. Laryngoscopy and a thyroid ultrasound are carried out on each patient before the operation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid function, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-VD), and serum calcium are routinely measured before the operation, and all of them except for thyroid function are remeasured 1 day after the surgery. In our hospital, Foley catheters are routinely used for patients who will have a TOETVA surgery of more than 3 h. The Foley cathet...
TOETVA is characterized by the full exposure and dissection of the central lymph nodes, which is significantly advantageous in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with cN1a10,13,14,15. However, it should be noted that due to the limited operating space, it is relatively difficult to deal with the big tumors located in the upper pole of the thyroid gland. The surgical indications a...
The authors declare no competing interests.
We thank all the patients who participated in this study for their cooperation. This research was supported by the project fund of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province. (Grant No. 2021YFS0103).
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Allis Grasping Forceps,310 mm x 5 mm | AESCULAP | PO111R | |
Button Electrode Tip | AESCULAP | GK385R | |
Ceramic Electrode | AESCULAP | GK384R | |
Complete Trocar | AESCULAP | EJ751R | |
Endoscope | Olympus | WA53005A | |
IONM | Medtronic | NIM-3.0 | |
Light Transmitting Bundle | Olympus | WA03310A | |
Maryland Dissecting Forceps, 310 mm x 5 mm | AESCULAP | PO102R | |
Monopolar Handle (5 mm diameter, 33 cm working length) | AESCULAP | GK372R | |
Pneumoperitoneum tube,4 m | STRYKE | 620-240-223 | |
Pyramidal Tip Obturator | AESCULAP | EJ755R | |
Reusable Monopolar Cable | AESCULAP | GK245 | |
Scissors | AESCULAP | P0004R | |
Suction irrigation tube | AESCULAP | PG027R | |
Super Righting Needle Holder, 5 mm | AESCULAP | PL414R | |
Veress | TianSong | E2014.6 |
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