CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing of Rat Embryos using Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) and 2-Cell Embryo Electroporation

Summary

This protocol presents an optimized approach for producing genetically modified rat models. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is used to deliver a DNA repair template, and electroporation is used to deliver CRISPR-Cas9 reagents to complete the genome editing process in 2-cell embryo.

Abstract

Genome editing technology is widely used to produce genetically modified animals, including rats. Cytoplasmic or pronuclear injection of DNA repair templates and CRISPR-Cas reagents is the most common delivery method into embryos. However, this type of micromanipulation necessitates access to specialized equipment, is laborious, and requires a certain level of technical skill. Moreover, microinjection techniques often result in lower embryo survival due to the mechanical stress on the embryo. In this protocol, we developed an optimized method to deliver large DNA repair templates to work in conjunction with CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing without the need for microinjection. This protocol combines AAV-mediated DNA delivery of single-stranded DNA donor templates along with the delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) by electroporation to modify 2-cell embryos. Using this novel strategy, we have successfully produced targeted knock-in rat models carrying insertion of DNA sequences from 1.2 to 3.0 kb in size with efficiencies between 42% and 90%.

Introduction

The development of CRISPR-based genome editing tools has accelerated our ability to efficiently generate new and more sophisticated genetically engineered rat models. Single-guide RNA, along with Cas9 nuclease, is combined to form Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that target DNA sequences of interest within the genome and result in double-stranded DNA breaks. Because cellular DNA repair mechanisms are error-prone, insertions and deletions (INDELs) are introduced during the repair process that can disrupt a target gene's function. When there is co-delivery of a desired engineered DNA sequence (repair template) along with genome editing reagents, insertion of the r....

Protocol

All experimental procedures were approved by the University of Missouri's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC protocol #25580) and were performed according to the guidelines set forth in the Guide for the Use and Care of Laboratory Animals.

1. AAV-mediated DNA repair template delivery

1. Design the DNA construct to contain the desired knock-in sequence in between two homology arms. Typical homology arm lengths are 300-500 bp in length. Ensure that th.......

Discussion

The CRISPR-Cas genome editing system has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering by allowing the efficient production of both straightforward and complex, customized genetic modifications in a variety of animal species. Frequent refinements and improvements in techniques associated with genome editing further its versatility. Here we have described a new approach using ssAAV-mediated DNA delivery along with 2-cell embryo electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 reagents into 2-cell rodent embryos. We have demonstrated that.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Leads with alligator clips for electrodes	NepaGene	C117
Mineral oil	MilliporeSigma	M5310
NepaGene21 Super Electroporator	NepaGene	NEPA21
Platinum plate electrodes on slide glass	NepaGene	CUY501P1-1.5
PURedit Cas9 Protein	MilliporeSigma	PECAS9
sgRNA (chemically-modified)	Synthego	N/A
ssAAV1 or ssAAV6 packaged DNA repair template	Vectorbuilder	N/A