Biz Myf5 + / nLacZ fareler sağlamak için Dr Shahragim Tajbakhsh teşekkür ederim. Biz de bu yazının eleştirel okuma için Alexander HRON ve Michael Baumrucker teşekkür ederim. Bu çalışma Müsküler Distrofi Derneği (MDA) ve Gregory Marzolf Jr MD Merkezi Ödülü hibe tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Hayvanlar, bir SPF ortamında barındırıldı ve Research Animal Resources Minnesota Üniversitesi (RAR) ile izlendi. . Animals (Avertin (250 mg / kg) IP enjeksiyonu ile anestezi sonra CO2 inhalasyon veya püskürtme KCl uygun araçlar ile kurban edilmiştir tüm protokoller, Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC, kod numarası tarafından onaylanmıştır: 1304-30492 ) Minnesota Üniversitesi. Fare İskelet Kası Mononükleer Hücreleri 1. İzolasyon <ol><li> Düzgün 1 ya da 2 genç erişkin fareler (3-8 hafta) kurban. <ol><li> Çimdik ve keskin bir makas ile karın cildi yarık. Tamamen (yön karşı cildi çekin) triseps ve arka bacak kas göstermek için deri soyulabilir. </li><li> Makasla kemiklerinden tüm bacak iskelet kasları (tibialis anterior, gastrokinemius ve kuadriseps) ve triseps çıkarın. Daha sonra, 10 cm plaka içinde buz soğukluğunda steril PBS&#39;ye transferi kasları. </li></ol></li><li> Yeni bir steril 6 cm plaka PBS kasları ve transfer kasları kan yıkayın: 1 tabak 1-2 fareler için. </li><li> Bir diseksiyon mikroskobu altında bağ dokusu, kan damarları, sinir demetleri ve adipogenic doku çıkarın. </li><li> (Şekil 1A ve 1B) kesilmiş ve pürüzsüz bir hamur haline doku kıyma, Oftalmoloji için makas kullanma. Bu enzim solüsyonu ile kolayca aşağı kırık olmayacak gibi büyük parçaları bırakmamaya çalışın. </li><li> Bir Falcon 50 ml tüp içine kıyılmış kas transferi, ve kolajenaz çözeltisi (% 0.2 &#39;lik kolajenaz Tip DMEM içerisinde 2,% 10 FBS) 5 ml. 60 dakika boyunca 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe edilir. </li><li> Öğütün (yukarı ve aşağı 18 G iğne ile) karışımı (Şekil 1C) homojenize etmek. Daha sonra 15 dakika daha 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe karışımı. </li><li> Tek bir hücre süspansiyonu içine ayırmak için karışımın homojenize edilmesi tekrar toz haline getirin. Kadar olan tek bir hücre süspansiyonu içine 50 ml DMEM içinde% 2 FBS ilave et ve karıştıriyi. </li><li> Falcon 50 ml&#39;lik bir tüp (Şekil 1D) üzerine bir hücre süzgeç (70 mikron) yerleştirin. Bir hücre süzgeç üzerine ayrışmış hücreleri içeren süpernatant aktarın ve geçer kadar aşağı ve filtre üzerinde hücre süspansiyonu pipetle. </li><li> Hemositometreyle hücre sayısını sayın. 5 dakika boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj tüpleri; aspirat ve süpernatant atın. </li><li> DMEM içinde 10 ml% 2 FBS ile yeniden süspanse edin. 5 dakika boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj tüpleri; aspirat ve süpernatant atın. </li><li> 200 DMEM içinde% 2 FBS ul ve 1.5 ml mikrosantrifüj tüpü içine transferi hücre süspansiyonu ile yeniden süspanse edin. Genellikle, yaklaşık 2 x 10 6 hücre 1 fare kaslardan hasat edilmelidir. Hücreler, DMEM içinde% 2 FBS 100 ul içinde 1 x 10 6 hücre bir konsantrasyona seyreltilmiş olacaktır. </li></ol> 2.. Antikor Boyama ve MACS ile Ayırma Aşağıdaki pr sırasındaocedures, steril tamponlar kullanılarak steril koşullarda muhafaza. Antikorların her biri hacmi eklenmiş ve hücre süspansiyon ortamı 1 fare, tüm kas hücreleri için hesaplanır. Hücreler 2 ya da daha fazla fareden hasat edilir ise, reaktifler miktarının optimize edilmelidir. <ol><li> 1 ul CD31-PE, CD45-PE, Sca-1-PE ve hücre süspansiyonu 200 ul içine İntegrin α7 antikorun her ekleyin. 30 dakika boyunca buz üzerinde inkübe edin. </li><li> Hücreleri yıkayın: kuluçkalamadan sonra, 1.5 ml bir tüp içinde bir hücre süspansiyonu içine DMEM içinde 1 ml% 2 FBS ekleyin ve 3 dakika boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj. Iki kez bu adımı tekrarlayın. </li><li> Aspire ve süpernatant atın. </li><li> 200 DMEM içinde% 2 FBS ul ve Anti-PE Manyetik boncuklar 10 ul ekle ile yeniden süspanse edin hücreleri. 30 dakika boyunca buz üzerinde inkübe edin. </li><li> Hücreleri yıkayın: kuluçkalamadan sonra, 1.5 ml mikrosantrifüj tüpü içinde hücre süspansiyonu MACS tamponu 1 ml ekleyin ve daha sonra 3 dakika boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj. Bu adımı tw tekrarlayınbuz. Hücreleri manyetik sütun ayrılmış önce MACS tamponu ile yıkanmıştır gerektiğini not edin. </li><li> Aspire ve süpernatant atın. MACS tamponu 1.0 ml hücreleri yeniden süspanse edin. </li><li> Manyetik gemide LD sütun kurmak ve MACS tamponu (Şekil 1E) 2.0 ml sütun durulayın. </li><li> LD kolonuna hücre süspansiyonu aktarın ve 1.5 ml tüp içine-akış fraksiyonu toplamak. Bu fraksiyon PE-negatif hücreleri içerir. </li><li> 3 dakika, aspirat ve süpernatantı atmak için 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj. </li><li> 200 DMEM içinde% 2 FBS ul ve anti-fare IgG Manyetik boncuklar 10 ul ekle ile yeniden süspanse edin hücreleri. 30 dakika boyunca buz üzerinde inkübe edin. </li><li> Hücreleri yıkayın: kuluçkalamadan sonra, 1.5 ml bir tüp içinde bir hücre süspansiyonu içine MACS tamponu 1 ml ekleyin ve daha sonra 3 dakika boyunca 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj. Aspire ve süpernatant atın. Iki kez bu adımı tekrarlayın. MACS tamponu 500 ul hücreleri tekrar. </li><li> Manyetik gemide MS sütun kurmak ve MACS tamponu (Şekil 1F) 500 ul ile sütun durulayın. </li><li> Aktarım MS kolona hücre çözümü süspansiyon haline getirildi ve akış boyunca fraksiyonu (İntegrin α7-negatif hücreleri) atın. </li><li> MACS 1 ml tampon ile durulayın, ve iki kez bu adımı tekrarlayın. </li><li> Duruladıktan sonra, ayırıcı manyetik alandan sütun kaldırmak. Kolona MACS tamponu içinde 1.0 ml uygulayın ve kolonun üstünden şırınga pistonu iterek bir 1.5 ml mikrosantrifüj tüpü içine manyetik olarak etiketlenmiş hücrelerin (İntegrin α7-pozitif hücreleri) elute. 1.5 ml tüp içine flow-through toplayın. MACS tamponu, 1.5 ml ile elüsyon tekrarlayın ve akış yoluyla toplayın. </li><li> 3 dakika, aspirat ve süpernatantı atmak için 4 ° C&#39;de 2,000 rpm&#39;de santrifüj. </li><li> Miyoblast ortamı, 1 ml saflaştırılmış hücrelerin tekrar (% 20 FBS bFGF ile Hams F-10 içeren) ve Matrigel kaplı 10 cm plaka hücreleriMiyoblast Orta 8 ml (6 cm bir plaka içerisinde 5 mi) (Şekil 1G) ile plaka. 1-2 x 10 5 hücre potansiyel olarak 1 dokunulmamış fare kas izole edilebilir unutmayın. </li></ol> 3. Bakım <ol><li> Miyoblast ortamı ile her geçen gün hücreleri besleyin. Artan miyoblastların görünümü çekirdeklerinde MyoD (Şekil 2) ve Pax7 (veriler gösterilmemiştir) eksprese eden bir küçük ve yuvarlak şekle sahiptir. </li><li> Hücre füzyon başlatırken iskelet hücreleri% 50 birleştiği önce ya da geçişli olmalıdır. Bir kez PBS ile yıkandıktan sonra, bir CO2 kuluçka makinesi içinde 3 dakika boyunca 37 ° C&#39;de% 0.25 tripsin solüsyonu ile inkübe edilir ve hücreleri Miyoblast ortam maddesi ile ayrışmış hücreleri toplamak. Santrifüj hücreleri (5 dakika boyunca 1000 rpm) sonra, Miyoblast ortamı ile askıya ve yeni Matrigel kaplı plakalar üzerine hücreleri replate. Kollajen kaplanmış plakalar geçit 3 sonra kullanılabilir. Bir plaka, genellikle 3-5 plakalar halinde bölünebilir. </li></ol> 4. Yönünrentiation <ol><li> Her gün Farklılaşma Orta ile yeniden yükleme. </li><li> Farklılaşma Ortamda 1. günde, miyoblastlardır hücre döngüsünden çıkmak ve miyozin ağır zincir (MHC)-pozitif miyositler içine farklılaşma tabi. Bu myoctyes çok çekirdekli miyotüplerinin oluşturmak için birbirleriyle hücre füzyon başlar. Tipik olarak, en miyoblastlardır MHC-pozitif farklılaştırıcı çekirdekli miyositler veya miyotüpleri Farklılaşma Orta günde 3-5 (Şekil 2) olur. </li></ol> İskelet kas Rejenerasyon için Fare içine 5. Miyoblast Transplantasyon <ol><li> Intraperitonal (IP) enjeksiyon ile Avertin (250 mg / kg) ile fare anestezi uygulayın. </li><li> Tibialis anterior (TA) kas üzerindeki deri saç etrafında tıraş. Yirmi dört saat miyoblast transplantasyonundan önce, 10 uM CTX (50 ul), kas içinden traş edilmiş derisine (Şekil yoluyla bir 31 G insülin şırınga ile kas yenilenmesini meydana Nod / Scid fare TA kas içine enjekte60, 3). </li><li> Proliferatif miyoblastlardır% 0.25 tripsin solüsyonu ile ayrıştırılmış, ve 5 dakika boyunca 1000 rpm&#39;de santrifüje tabi tutulur. Aspire ve süpernatant atın. DMEM içinde% 2 FBS ile yeniden süspanse edin, 50 ul 1 x 10 6 hücre. Bir 31 G insülin şırınga içine askıya hücreleri aktarın. </li><li> Alıcı farenin IP enjeksiyonu ile Avertin (250 mg / kg) ile anestezi edilir, ve 1 x 10 6 miyoblastlardır (Şekil 2), kas içinden, kas TA yenileyici içine enjekte edilir. </li><li> Histolojik analiz için hücre enjeksiyonu (Şekil 3) sonrasında 1-4 hafta hasat TA kas. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Fukada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+and+cell-surface+marker+characterization+of+quiescent+satellite+cells+from+murine+skeletal+muscle+by+a+novel+monoclonal+antibody.">Purification and cell-surface marker characterization of quiescent satellite cells from murine skeletal muscle by a novel monoclonal antibody.</a> Exp. Cell Res. 296, 245-255 (2004).</li><li>Hirai, H., Verma, M., Watanabe, S. C. T., Asakura, Y., Asakura, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MyoD+regulates+apoptosis+of+myoblasts+through+microRNA-mediated+down-regulation+of+Pax3.">MyoD regulates apoptosis of myoblasts through microRNA-mediated down-regulation of Pax3.</a> J. Cell Biol. (191), 347-365 (2010).</li><li>Asakura, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+in+adult+skeletal+muscle.">Stem cells in adult skeletal muscle.</a> Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 13, 123-128 (2003).</li><li>Partridge, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cells+that+participate+in+regeneration+of+skeletal+muscle.">Cells that participate in regeneration of skeletal muscle.</a> Gene Ther. 9, 752-753 (2002).</li><li>Collins, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+function,+self-renewal,+and+behavioral+heterogeneity+of+cells+from+the+adult+muscle+satellite+cell+niche.">Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche.</a> Cell. 122, 289-301 (2005).</li><li>Montarras, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+isolation+of+satellite+cells+for+skeletal+muscle+regeneration.">Direct isolation of satellite cells for skeletal muscle regeneration.</a> Science. 309, 2064-2067 (2005).</li><li>Sacco, A., Doyonnas, R., Kraft, P., Vitorovic, S., Blau, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-renewal+and+expansion+of+single+transplanted+muscle+stem+cells.">Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells.</a> Nature. 456, 502-506 (2008).</li><li>Conboy, M. J., Cerletti, M., Wagers, A. J., Conboy, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immuno-analysis+and+FACS+sorting+of+adult+muscle+fiber-associated+stem/precursor+cells.">Immuno-analysis and FACS sorting of adult muscle fiber-associated stem/precursor cells.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 621, 165-173 (2010).</li><li>Yokoyama, T., Huard, J., Chancellor, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myoblast+therapy+for+stress+urinary+incontinence+and+bladder+dysfunction.">Myoblast therapy for stress urinary incontinence and bladder dysfunction.</a> World J. Urol. 18, 56-61 (2000).</li><li>Menasche, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+muscle+satellite+cell+transplantation.">Skeletal muscle satellite cell transplantation.</a> Cardiovasc. Res. 58, 351-357 (2000).</li><li>Huard, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myoblast+transplantation+produced+dystrophin-positive+muscle+fibres+in+a+16-year-old+patient+with+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Myoblast transplantation produced dystrophin-positive muscle fibres in a 16-year-old patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Clin. Sci. 81, 287-288 (1991).</li><li>Tremblay, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Results+of+a+triple+blind+clinical+study+of+myoblast+transplantations+without+immunosuppressive+treatment+in+young+boys+with+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Results of a triple blind clinical study of myoblast transplantations without immunosuppressive treatment in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Cell Transplant. 2, 99-112 (1993).</li><li>Gussoni, E., Blau, H. M., Kunkel, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fate+of+individual+myoblasts+after+transplantation+into+muscles+of+DMD+patients.">The fate of individual myoblasts after transplantation into muscles of DMD patients.</a> Nat. Med. 3, 970-977 (1997).</li><li>Palmieri, B., Tremblay, J. P., Daniele, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Past,+present+and+future+of+myoblast+transplantation+in+the+treatment+of+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Past, present and future of myoblast transplantation in the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Pediatr. Transplant. 14, 813-819 (2010).</li><li>Mollet, M., Godoy-Silva, R., Berdugo, C., Chalmers, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+hydrodynamic+forces+and+apoptosis:+a+complex+question.">Acute hydrodynamic forces and apoptosis: a complex question.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 98, 772-788 (2007).</li><li>Asakura, A., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Side+population+cells+from+diverse+adult+tissues+are+capable+of+in+vitro+hematopoietic+differentiation.">Side population cells from diverse adult tissues are capable of in vitro hematopoietic differentiation.</a> Exp. Hematol. 30, 1339-1345 (2002).</li><li>Asakura, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+survival+of+muscle+stem+cells+lacking+the+MyoD+gene+after+transplantation+into+regenerating+skeletal+muscle.">Increased survival of muscle stem cells lacking the MyoD gene after transplantation into regenerating skeletal muscle.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 16552-16557 (2007).</li><li>Gerard, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+monitoring+of+cell+transplantation+in+mouse+dystrophic+muscles+by+a+secreted+alkaline+phosphatase+reporter+gene.">Real-time monitoring of cell transplantation in mouse dystrophic muscles by a secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter gene.</a> Gene Ther. 16, 815-819 .</li><li>Tajbakhsh, S., Rocancourt, D., Cossu, G., Buckingham, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Redefining+the+genetic+hierarchies+controlling+skeletal+myogenesis+Pax-3+and+Myf-5+act+upstream+of+MyoD.">Redefining the genetic hierarchies controlling skeletal myogenesis Pax-3 and Myf-5 act upstream of MyoD.</a> Cell. 89, 127-138 (1997).</li><li>Beauchamp, J. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+CD34+and+Myf5+defines+the+majority+of+quiescent+adult+skeletal+muscle+satellite+cells.">Expression of CD34 and Myf5 defines the majority of quiescent adult skeletal muscle satellite cells.</a> J. Cell Biol. 151, 1221-1134 (2000).</li><li>Sabourin, L. A., Girgis-Gabardo, A., Seale, P., Asakura, A., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+differentiation+potential+of+primary+MyoD-/-+myogenic+cells+derived+from+adult+skeletal+muscle.">Reduced differentiation potential of primary MyoD-/- myogenic cells derived from adult skeletal muscle.</a> J. Cell Biol. 144, 631-643 (1999).</li><li>Bischoff, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+single+skeletal+muscle+fibers+in+vitro.">Regeneration of single skeletal muscle fibers in vitro.</a> Anat. Rec. 182, 215-235 (1975).</li><li>Asakura, A., Seale, P., Girgis-Gabardo, A., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myogenic+specification+of+side+population+cells+in+skeletal+muscle.">Myogenic specification of side population cells in skeletal muscle.</a> J. Cell Biol. 159, 123-134 (2002).</li><li>Kuang, S., Kuroda, K., Le Grand, F., Rudnicki, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asymmetric+self-renewal+and+commitment+of+satellite+stem+cells+in+muscle.">Asymmetric self-renewal and commitment of satellite stem cells in muscle.</a> Cell. 129, 999-1010 (2007).</li><li>Cerletti, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient,+functional+engraftment+of+skeletal+muscle+stem+cells+in+dystrophic+muscles.">Highly efficient, functional engraftment of skeletal muscle stem cells in dystrophic muscles.</a> Cell. 134, 37-47 (2008).</li><li>Farina, N. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+RNA+post-transcriptional+regulation+in+satellite+cell+activation.">A role for RNA post-transcriptional regulation in satellite cell activation.</a> Skelet. Muscle. 2, 21-21 (2012).</li><li>Tanaka, K. K., Hall, J. K., Troy, A. A., Cornelison, D. D., Majka, S. M., Olwin, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Syndecan-4-expressing+muscle+progenitor+cells+in+the+SP+engraft+as+satellite+cells+during+muscle+regeneration.">Syndecan-4-expressing muscle progenitor cells in the SP engraft as satellite cells during muscle regeneration.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 4, 217-225 (2009).</li><li>Pallafacchina, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+adult+tissue-specific+stem+cell+in+its+niche:+a+gene+profiling+analysis+of+in+vivo+quiescent+and+activated+muscle+satellite+cells.">An adult tissue-specific stem cell in its niche: a gene profiling analysis of in vivo quiescent and activated muscle satellite cells.</a> Stem Cell Res. 4, 77-91 (2009).</li></ol>

Hiçbir çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Bu protokol, hareketsiz uydu hücreleri kolayca kollajenaz sindirimi ve yüzey antikor aracılı MACS ayırma ile farelerin yetişkin iskelet kasından saflaştırılabilir. Bu yöntem, yaklaşık olarak 6 saat sürer ve bir makine gibi bir FACS pahalı ekipman gerek yoktur. Buna ek olarak, bu yöntem, yüzey antikor aracılı FACS ayrımına göre daha ucuzdur. FACS lazer maruz ayrılması sırasında 15 hücre ölümüne neden olmaya eğilimli olduğu için pasif uydu hücrelerin daha yüksek bir verim, ayn...

Kas uydu hücreleri iskelet kas liflerinin bazal lamina altında bulunan miyojen kök hücrelerin küçük bir nüfus vardır. Bunlar Pax7, Pax3, c-Met, M-kaderin, CD34, sindekan-3 ekspresyonu ile karakterize edilir ve kalsitonin 1 - 3. Uydu kas hücreleri, kök hücreleri gibi kas rejenerasyon sorumlu olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Erişkin kas, uydu hücreler normalde 4-8 mitotikal durgundur. Yaralanma sonrasında, uydu hücreleri MyoD ekspresyonunu başlatmak ve bunların döl genişletmek için hücre döngüsüne girmelerini, aktive edilir, miyojenik öncü hücreleri veya miyoblastları 3 olarak adlandırılır. Hücre bölünmesinin birkaç tur sonra miyoblastlardır olgun kas lifleri ve ardından çok çekirdekli miyotüplerinin içine farklılaşmasını geçmesi amacıyla birbirine hücre döngüsü ve sigorta çıkar. Erişkin kas izole miyoblastlardır kolayca ex vivo genişletilebilir. Kas yenileyici ve kas lifleri olmak miyoblastların için kapasitenonmuscle dokularda form ektopik kas lifleri myoblast nakli, Duchenne müsküler distrofi (DMD) 4 için potansiyel bir tedavi yaklaşımı, ürolojik disfonksiyon 9, ve kalp yetmezliği 10 tarafından istismar edilmektedir. Nitekim, miyoblastlardır başarıyla hem mdx (DMD modeli) fareler ve DMD hastalarında 11-14 kas nakil edilmiştir. Enjekte Normal miyoblastlardır hastalıklı kas histoloji ve işlevini geliştirmek için konak kas lifleri ile sigorta. Önceki iş miyoblastların subpopülasyonunun fazla hücre-benzeri kök ve kas rejenerasyon 5 sırasında kas uzun bir farklılaşmamış durumda kalır olduğunu göstermiştir. Son çalışmalar, yetişkin kas uydu hücreleri, taze izole edilmiş kas 5-8 rejenere daha verimli uyumunu ve kendini yenileme aktivite sergileyen bir kök hücre benzeri popülasyonu içeren göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, yetişkin iskelet mu ikinci hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin saf nüfus saflaştırılmasıSCLE uydu hücreleri, kas iskelet hücreleri ve yenilenme biyolojisi anlamak için ve hücre bazlı terapiler geliştirilmesi için önemlidir. Ancak, sakin uydu hücrelerin prospektif saflaştırma yöntemleri pahalı bir floresan-aktive edilmiş hücre sıralama (FACS) makine 1,2,6-8 kullanılmasını gerektirir. Buna ek olarak, lazer FACS maruz hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin 15 daha düşük verim neden ayrılması sırasında, hücre ölümüne neden olma eğilimindedir. Burada, yetişkin fare iskelet kasından hareketsiz uydu hücreleri, hızlı, ekonomik ve güvenilir bir saflaştırma için yeni bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Bu yöntem, (MACS) manyetik ayırma ile aktive edilmiş hücre ardından enzimatik ayrışma kullanır. Saf hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin izolasyonundan sonra, bu hücreler, birkaç geçiş sonrasında miyoblastların sayıda elde edilmesi için kültürlenebilir. Ayrıca göstermektedir ki bu yeni izole edilmiş hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin ya da eski vi intramüsküler enjeksiyonuvo genişletilmiş miyoblastlardır kalbi etkileyen naklediliyor olabilir (CTX) kas lifleri yanı sıra, kendini yenileme faaliyetlerinin incelenmesi için uydu hücre bölmelerine yenileyici için donör kaynaklı hücrelerin katkısını incelemek için fare iskelet kas yenileyici kaynaklı.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Materials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase Type 2</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>CLS-2</td>
			<td>100 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Marigel</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>356234</td>
			<td>5 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10569010</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen (Rat Tail)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354236</td>
			<td>100 mg (3-4 mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>320099-500ML</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF, human, Recombinant</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>PHG0263</td>
			<td>1 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5611-1G</td>
			<td>1 g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ham&#8217;s F10 Medium</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11550-043</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>3600511</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>26050088</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptmycin</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15640055</td>
			<td>100 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14190144</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco-Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200072</td>
			<td>500 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18G needle with 12cc Syringe</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-256-563</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainer (70 &#956;m)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22-363-548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 50 ml tube</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 15 ml tube</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 cm tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 cm tissue culture plate</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 10 ml disposable pipet</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>357551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD31 antibody-PE</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>12-0311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-CD45 antibody-PE</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>30-F11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Sca1 antibody-PE</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>Dec-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Integrin &#945;7 antibody</td>
			<td>MBL International</td>
			<td>ABIN487462</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-PE MicroBeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-048-801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Mouse IgG MicroBeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-048-402</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini &#38; MidiMACS Starting Kit</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-091-632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MS Column</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LD Column</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-042-901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cardiotoxin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C9759-1MG</td>
			<td>Stock 10 &#956;M in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>31G Insulin syringe</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>328438</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated Microcentrifuge (Microfuge 22R)</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>368826</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>S241.5 Swinging Bucket Rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>368882</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Refrigerated Centrifuge (Allegra X-22R)</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>392187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nod/Scid immunodeficient mice</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories</td>
			<td>Strain Code 394</td>
			<td>Use 2 months old mice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of the reagent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Recipie</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% and 2% FBS DMEM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen #10569010) with 10% or 2% FBS (Fisher Scientific #03600511) and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.2% Collagenase solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Collagenase Type 2 (Worthington, #CLS-2), Stock: 50 ml: 100 mg Collagenase Type 2 in 10% FBS DMEM.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Matrigel solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Matrigel (BD Biosciences: #356234) is placed on ice for thawing overnight. Five ml Matrigel is dilute by 45 ml DMEM and 5 ml aliquots are stored at -20&#176;C until use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel-coated plate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Five ml of 10% Matrigel solution is placed on ice for thawing and is used for coating 10 cm plate at room temprature for 1 minutes. The plate is placed in 5% CO2 incubator at 37&#176;C for 30 minute after removing Matrigel solution, and let the plate dry in culture hood for another 30 minutes. Removed 10% Matrigel solution is stored at -20&#176;C for reusing.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.01% Collagen solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mix to final: 0.01% Collagen (Collagen, Rat Tail: BD Biosciences #354236) in 0.2% acetic acid (320099-500ML) in ddH2O.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen-coated plate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Add 5 ml or 2 ml of Collagen solution to a 10 cm or 6 cm tissue culture plate and let sit at room temperature for three hours. Then, aspirate off liquid and allow to dry in culture hood for 30 min to overnight. Plates can be stored at room temperature for several months.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF stock solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>bFGF, Human, Recombinant (Gibco-Invitrogen #PHG0263, 1 mg) is dissolved with 0.1% BSA solution consisting of 1 mg BSA (Sigma-Aldrich #A5611-1G) and 2 ml ddH2O (0.5 mg/ml bFGF). Aliquot 20 &#956;l in 500 &#956;l microcentrifuge tubes and kept in -80&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Myoblast medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>500 mL HAM&#8217;S F10 Medium (Gibco-Invitrogen #11550-043) supplemented with 20% FBS (Fisher Scientific #03600511), Penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055), and 10 &#956;g of bFGF (20 &#956;l of bFGF stock).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Differentiation medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>500 mL DMEM (Gibco-Invitrogen #10569010) supplemented with 5% Horse serum (Gibco-Invitrogen #26050088) and 1% Penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco-Invitrogen #15640055).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 &#956;M Cardiotoxin stock</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1 mg Cardiotoxin (EMD Millipore #217504-1MG) is dissolved with 13.9 ml PBS.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, culture, and transplantation of muscle satellite cells

Kas uydu hücreleri kas lifleri sublaminal çekirdekleri% 2-5 için muhasebe, doğum sonrası iskelet kas gelişimi ve yenilenmesi için gerekli bir kök hücre nüfus vardır. Yetişkin kas olarak, uydu hücreleri, normal olarak sakin mitotikal olarak bulunmaktadır. Yaralanma sonrasında, ancak, kas uydu hücreleri, rejenerasyonunu aracılık etmek miyoblastları kendi yavrularıyla üretmek için hücre çoğalmasını başlatabilir. Uydu hücresinden türetilmiş miyoblastların nakli yaygın müsküler distrofi, kalp yetmezliği, ve ürolojik işlev bozukluğu dahil olmak üzere birçok reaktif hastalıklar için olası bir tedavisi olarak incelenmiştir. Distrofik iskelet kası, enfarkte kalp ve disfonksiyonu idrar kanallarına Miyoblast nakli engrafted miyoblastlardır, ev sahibi dokulardaki kas lifleri farklılaşmak ve bu hastalıklarda kısmen fonksiyonel iyileşme görüntüleyebilir göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, iskelet muscl ikinci hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin verimli saflaştırma yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesie yanı sıra uydu hücre kaynaklı myoblast kültürler ve miyoblastların için nakli yöntemlerinin kurulması gibi, uydu hücre kendini yenileme, aktivasyonu ve farklılaşması arkasında moleküler mekanizmalarını anlamak için gereklidir. Buna ek olarak, kas distrofisi ve diğer hastalıklar için rejeneratif hücre bazlı terapiler geliştirilmesi, aynı zamanda, bu faktörlere bağlıdır. Ancak, sakin uydu hücrelerin prospektif saflaştırma yöntemleri pahalı floresan-aktive edilmiş hücre sıralama (FACS) makinalarının kullanımını gerektirir. Burada, (MACS) manyetik ayırma ile aktive edilmiş hücre ardından enzimsel aynşma ile yetişkin fare iskelet kasından hareketsiz uydu hücreleri, hızlı, ekonomik ve güvenilir bir saflaştırma için yeni bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Saf hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin izolasyonundan sonra, bu hücreler, birkaç geçiş sonrasında miyoblastların sayıda elde edilmesi için kültürlenebilir. Bu taze izole edilmişsakin uydu hücreleri veya ex vivo genişletilmiş miyoblastlardır kalbi etkileyen naklediliyor olabilir (CTX) kas lifleri rejenere için donör kaynaklı hücrelerin katkısını incelemek için fare iskelet kas yenileyici kaynaklı, hem de kendini yenileme incelenmesi için uydu hücre bölmelerine faaliyetleri.

Taze izole sakin uydu hücreler pasif uydu hücreler için kesin bir belirteç olarak küçük, yuvarlak bir şekil (Şekil 1G) ve ekspres Pax7 gösterilecek. Taze izole hücrelerin% 90&#39;dan fazlası Pax7 (Şekil 1H ve 1I) ifade eder. En çok kirlenmiş miyoblast hücreleri verimli bir şekilde kültür koşulları aşağıdaki in vitro olarak büyümez kan hücreleri bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, uydu hücre türetilmiş miyoblastlardır kültüründe hakim. ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells

Hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin saf nüfusun izolasyonu ve kültürü, kas kök hücre topluluğu, kas kök hücre biyolojisi ve rejenerasyon, hem de kas distrofisi ve diğer dejeneratif hastalıklarda tedavileri için kök hücre nakli anlaşılması için gereklidir.

Kas Uydu Hücreleri İzolasyon, Kültür ve Transplantasyon

Muscle satellite cells are a stem cell population required for postnatal skeletal muscle development and regeneration, accounting for 2-5% of sublaminal ...

isolation-culture-and-transplantation-of-muscle-satellite-cells

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Cell Biology

Biology

Unit 1

Fibroblast Transformation and Muscle Stem Cells

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

41.1K Görüntüleme.  University of Minnesota Medical School.  Hareketsiz uydu hücrelerin saf nüfusun izolasyonu ve kültürü, kas kök hücre topluluğu, kas kök hücre biyolojisi ve rejenerasyon, hem de kas distrofisi ve diğer dejeneratif hastalıklarda tedavileri için kök hücre nakli anlaşılması için gereklidir. 

Video: Isolation, Culture, and Transplantation of Muscle Satellite Cells

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs)

Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

I am Christina Ceso. I am a postdoc in David's Den lab and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells. Today we are going to purify long-term recuperating hematopoietic stem cells and we'll transplant them into a mouse.We start by spraying the mice with alcohol so that first of all, the mind starts sterilized and also the hair doesn't interfere with the dissection. We use PBS with 2%serum for the dissection. I cut the back skin and I pull the skin apart in order to expose the tissue.In order to isolate the tibia, I hold the tibia with tweezers. I cut the tendon on top of the knee and I cut the muscles below the knee and after that I cut through the knee so that the TBI is not connected to the rest of the limb anymore and I pull in order to isolate it. I then hold the TB upside down and with the scissors I separate the foot from the tibia In order to obtain the femur.I cut the muscles around the femur and then I dislocate the femur from the hip. In order to isolate the hip, I cut the muscle around the hip bone on the side of the tail of the mouse and then I pull the hip away from the body of the mouth In order to isolate the spine. I cut through the tail as close as I can to the beginning of the back and then I cut on the two sides of the spine and below the spine, trying to stay as close as possible to the spine so that the peritoneum is not cut and the intestine is left untouched.A first round of cleaning of the bones is done with a scalpel, which is used to scrape the bone, the muscles away from the bone. The scalpel is good to clean the femurs, the hip and the spine. In order to clean the tibia, I hold them with forceps and I use the forceps to remove as much tissue as possible.A second round of cleaning is done using clean wipe to completely clean the bones outta the muscle, and I use the F wipe to clean the tibia, the femurs and the hips. So this is how bones look. After cleaning, I prefer 50 amount tubes with filters on top and I transfer the bones into the mortar.I add the section media and I crush the bones ask of the first round of crashing of the bones. I piped the mixture in order to release as many styles as possible into solution and reduce clumps. I transferred the mixture on the tubes through the filters and this is what the bone fragments look like after the first round of crushing.So I add more dissection medium to the bone fragments and I flash them again. I transferred the seline mixture to the tubes through the filters and at this point the remaining bone fragments are white and there is no bone marrow left. The tubes are filled with PBS 2%serum and in order to have them all with the same weight so that they're balanced in the centrifuge, but also in order to wash the filters so that we obtain as many cells as possible, I then centrifuge the cell mixture and after centrifugation, the palt includes the bone marrow cells.I aspirate the medium and I move back and forward the tube on the rack so that the pelle is becomes loose and fewer clamps are formed. When I add medium, at this point I add one ml of medium per tube and I ics since I'm sorting hematopoietic stem cells. Later on, I'm going to store an ALI output of total bone marrow sizes at this point, which I will use later for the fact single color control.I add lineage antibody cocktail. I ordered the samples to mix them well and I invaded four degrees for 15 minutes. In the meantime, I start preparing the columns for the lineage division.I put the columns on the magnet and I prepare Ian tubes under the columns. I also prepared the gas PBS using aster flip filter and attaching it to the vacuum so that all the bubbles of air move in the top part of the filter. I then add three ml of the gas DBS to each column in order for the column to become wet.After the incubation with the antibodies, I add medium to the cell samples and I centrifuge them in order to remove the excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the stain cells are in the pallet. I aspirate the medium and I suspend the pallet in one mile of the gas PBSI Add the strip tab beans, I mix the cells and I incubate for 15 minutes at four degrees.After the incubation, I put new elucian tubes under the columns. I add two ml of PBS to each tube with the cells and I transferred the cell mixture to the column through a 40 micron filter. I wash the tubes with more medium in order to collect all the cells remaining and I apply the remaining medium through the filters to the columns.The progenitor cells lineage low are alluded into the collection views. I pulled the luted samples and I sent tofu them. So after the centrifugation, the depleted cells are in a white pate.I aspirate the medium and re suspend the cells. I store an adequate of the depleted cells and I add the antibodies to the cell mixture for the sorting and also to all the single color controls. The antibodies are incubated in that with the size for 15 minutes in the fridge.After the ation, I add medium to the cells and and centrifuge them to remove the ex excess of antibodies. After the centrifugation, the cells are in the pt, I aspirate the media that I suspend the cells and I transfer the cells into fox tubes with a blue filter. At this point, the cells are ready to be sorted.I place, I place the mouse under a heating lamp for a few minutes so that the veins dilate and they are more easily seen. When preparing the syringe, you have to be careful to eliminate all the bubbles from the, the mixture that is in the syringe and then you bend the needle at 90 degrees. I put the mouse under a glass cup with a weight on top so that it can run away.I sterilize the tail with the alcohol pad so that the site of injection is sterile, but also it's easier to identify the vein. If you look at the tail of the mouse from the top in the middle and top of the tail, there is an artery while on the two sides there are the two veins and we inject the cells in one of the two veins. I insert the needle into the vein and I inject following injection.It is to wait for a couple of seconds before removing the needle, the needle, and after that I clean the side of injection. This is a representation of the syringe with the ben needle bent at 90 degrees with the knee, the at this ankle compared to the tail, which makes the injection the easiest. When you injecting the tail of the mouse, you have to keep in mind that the tail vein is extremely superficial, so really this is the orientation of the needle compared to the tail.And it looks like you will just keep sliding on top of the tail, but actually you will get into the tail then. I am Christina Ceso. I am a post in David Kaden lab, and I work on the hematopoietic stem cells.I usually use for animals to start with, and I had more variability at the beginning, but once you become consistent with your methods, I consistently get about 50, 000 to 60, 000 stem cells out for mice. I did my PhD in London with Dr.Fiona Wat working on derma stem cells. After that, I just wanted to have a wider knowledge of adult stem cells in various tissues, and so I decided to move to David Kaden lab to work on hematopoietic stem cells, mainly because the things that are known about hematopoietic stem cells are the things that are not known for the epidermic stem cells and a number of assays that can be done with epi.Epidermal stem cells are not really done yet with the hematopoietic stem cells, and so at this point I'm trying to put together the, the knowledge from the two different fields and ultimately I'm interested in the study of the mechanism to regulate adult tissue sensors in general, so not just the epidermis or the stem cells, but also different tissues because there are, there are similar mechanism that is, it's always the same genes that are involved in the regulation that just interact with each other in different ways, and it's just interesting to understand what makes each stem cell be a stem, but then ultimately a stem cell in a different tissue. So giving rise to a different protein.

İzolasyon ve Hematopoetik Kök Hücre Transplantasyonu (HKH&#39;lerin)

Biyoloji

Isolation of Human Umbilical Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (HUASMC)

The human umbilical cord (UC) is a biological sample that can be easily obtained just after birth. This biological sample is, most of the time, discarded and their collection does not imply any added risk to the newborn or mother s health. Moreover no ethical concerns are raised. The UC is composed by one vein and two arteries from which both endothelial cells (ECs) 1 and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) 2, two of the main cellular components of blood vessels, can be isolated. In this project the SMCs were obtained after enzymatic treatment of the UC arteries accordingly the experimental procedure previously described by Jaffe et al 3. After cell isolation they were kept in t-flash with DMEM-F12 supplemented with 5% of fetal bovine serum and were cultured for several passages. Cells maintained their morphological and other phenotypic characteristics in the different generations. The aim of this study was to isolate smooth muscle cells in order to use them as models for future assays with constrictor drugs, isolate and structurally characterize L-type calcium channels, to study cellular and molecular aspects of the vascular function 4 and to use them in tissue engineering.

Isolation of Human Umbilical Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells HUASMC

The umbilical cords are used to isolate smooth muscle cells by different ways. In this work we used the enzymatic treatment to isolated smooth muscle cells.

İnsan Umblikal Arter düz kas hücrelerinin izolasyonu (HUASMC)

The human umbilical cord (UC) is a biological sample that can be easily obtained just after birth. This biological sample is, most of the time, discarded ...

Adult and Embryonic Skeletal Muscle Microexplant Culture and Isolation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

Cultured embryonic and adult skeletal muscle cells have a number of different uses. The micro-dissected explants technique described in this chapter is a robust and reliable method for isolating relatively large numbers of proliferative skeletal muscle cells from juvenile, adult or embryonic muscles as a source of skeletal muscle stem cells. The authors have used micro-dissected explant cultures to analyse the growth characteristics of skeletal muscle cells in wild-type and dystrophic muscles. Each of the components of tissue growth, namely cell survival, proliferation, senescence and differentiation can be analysed separately using the methods described here. The net effect of all components of growth can be established by means of measuring explant outgrowth rates. The micro-explant method can be used to establish primary cultures from a wide range of different muscle types and ages and, as described here, has been adapted by the authors to enable the isolation of embryonic skeletal muscle precursors.
Uniquely, micro-explant cultures have been used to derive clonal (single cell origin) skeletal muscle stem cell (SMSc) lines which can be expanded and used for in vivo transplantation. In vivo transplanted SMSc behave as functional, tissue-specific, satellite cells which contribute to skeletal muscle fibre regeneration but which are also retained (in the satellite cell niche) as a small pool of undifferentiated stem cells which can be re-isolated into culture using the micro-explant method.

The micro-dissected explants technique is a robust and reliable method for isolating proliferative skeletal muscle cells from juvenile, adult or embryonic muscles as a source of skeletal muscle stem cells. Uniquely, these cells have been clonally derived to produce skeletal muscle stem cell lines used for in vivo transplantation.

Yetişkin ve Embriyonik İskelet, Kas Microexplant Kültür ve İskelet Kası Kök Hücre İzolasyonu

Cultured embryonic and adult skeletal muscle cells have a number of different uses. The micro-dissected explants technique described in this chapter is a ...

Isolation and Culture of Avian Embryonic Valvular Progenitor Cells

Proper formation and function of embryonic heart valves is critical for developmental progression. The early embryonic heart is a U-shaped tube of endocardium surrounded by myocardium. The myocardium secretes cardiac jelly, a hyaluronan-rich gelatinous matrix, into the atrioventricular (AV) junction and outflow tract (OFT) lumen. At stage HH14 valvulogenesis begins when a subset of endocardial cells receive signals from the myocardium, undergo endocardial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT), and invade the cardiac jelly. At stage HH25 the valvular cushions are fully mesenchymalized, and it is this mesenchyme that eventually forms the valvular and septal apparatus of the heart. Understanding the mechanisms that initiate and modulate the process of EMT and cell differentiation are important because of their connection to serious congenital heart defects. In this study we present methods to isolate pre-EMT endocardial and post-EMT mesenchymal cells, which are the two different cell phenotypes of the prevalvular cushion. Pre-EMT endocardial cells can be cultured with or without the myocardium. Post-EMT AV cushion mesenchymal cells can be cultured inside mechanically constrained or stress-free collagen gels. These 3D in vitro models mimic key valvular morphogenic events and are useful for deconstructing the mechanisms of early and late stage valvulogenesis.

This article will provide a method for isolating and culturing quail or chicken HH14- valve endocardial cells and HH25 valve cushion mesenchymal cells.

Kuş Embriyonik Kapak Progenitör Hücreler izolasyonu ve Kültür

Proper formation and function of embryonic heart valves is critical for developmental progression. The early embryonic heart is a U-shaped tube of ...

Isolation and Culture of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells from Neonatal Mice

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have shown to be convenient, easy to obtain and culture, and thus are the most widely studied endothelial cells. However, for research focused on processes like angiogenesis, permeability or many others, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are a much more physiologically relevant model to study 2. Furthermore, ECs isolated from knockout mice provide a useful tool for analysis of protein function ex vivo. Several approaches to isolate and culture microvascular ECs of different origin have been reported to date 3-7, but consistent isolation and culture of pure ECs is still a major technical problem in many laboratories. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol on a reliable and relatively simple method of isolating and culturing mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs). In this approach, lung tissue obtained from 6- to 8-day old pups is first cut into pieces, digested with collagenase/dispase (C/D) solution and dispersed mechanically into single-cell suspension. MLECS are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to Dynabeads using a Magnetic Particle Concentrator (MPC). Such purified cells are cultured on gelatin-coated tissue culture (TC) dishes until they become confluent. At that point, cells are further purified using Dynabeads coupled to anti-ICAM-2 antibody. MLECs obtained with this protocol exhibit a cobblestone phenotype, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy, and their endothelial phenotype has been confirmed using FACS analysis with anti-VE-cadherin 8 and anti-VEGFR2 9 antibodies and immunofluorescent staining of VE-cadherin. In our hands, this two-step isolation procedure consistently and reliably yields a pure population of MLECs, which can be further cultured. This method will enable researchers to take advantage of the growing number of knockout and transgenic mice to directly correlate in vivo studies with results of in vitro experiments performed on isolated MLECs and thus help to reveal molecular mechanisms of vascular phenotypes observed in vivo.

Here, we describe a protocol for isolation and culture of murine pulmonary endothelial cells. This method comprises mechanic and enzymatic lung tissue dissociation as well as a 2-step purification process using anti-PECAM-1 and anti-ICAM-2 antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads, which produces a pure endothelial cell population of mostly microvascular origin.

Yenidoğan Fareler Pulmoner Endotel Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Kültür

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology and other related subjects. The method based on two-step collagenase perfusion for isolation of intact hepatocytes was first introduced by Berry and Friend in 1969 1 and, since then, has undergone many modifications. The most commonly used technique was described by Seglenin 1976 2. Essentially, hepatocytes are dissociated from anesthetized adult rats by a non-recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein. The isolated cells are then filtered through a 100 &mu;m pore size mesh nylon filter, and cultured onto plates. After 4-hour culture, the medium is replaced with serum-containing or serum-free medium, e.g. HepatoZYME-SFM, for additional time to culture. These procedures require surgical and sterile culture steps that can be better demonstrated by video than by text. Here, we document the detailed steps for these procedures by both video and written protocol, which allow consistently in the generation of viable hepatocytes in large numbers.

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 &times; 108 cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

Sıçan Karaciğer Hücreleri İzolasyon ve İlköğretim Kültür

Primary hepatocyte culture is a valuable tool that has been extensively used in basic research of liver function, disease, pathophysiology, pharmacology ...

Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and their Satellite Cells from Adult Skeletal Muscle

Muscle regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite cells. Satellite cells are defined by their position between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of each myofiber. Current knowledge of their behavior heavily relies on the use of the single myofiber isolation protocol. In 1985, Bischoff described a protocol to isolate single live fibers from the Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) of adult rats with the goal to create an in vitro system in which the physical association between the myofiber and its stem cells is preserved 1. In 1995, Rosenblattmodified the Bischoff protocol such that myofibers are singly picked and handled separately after collagenase digestion instead of being isolated by gravity sedimentation 2, 3. The Rosenblatt or Bischoff protocol has since been adapted to different muscles, age or conditions 3-6. The single myofiber isolation technique is an indispensable tool due its unique advantages. First, in the single myofiber protocol, satellite cells are maintained beneath the basal lamina. This is a unique feature of the protocol as other techniques such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting require chemical and mechanical tissue dissociation 7. Although the myofiber culture system cannot substitute for in vivo studies, it does offer an excellent platform to address relevant biological properties of muscle stem cells. Single myofibers can be cultured in standard plating conditions or in floating conditions. Satellite cells on floating myofibers are subjected to virtually no other influence than the myofiber environment. Substrate stiffness and coating have been shown to influence satellite cells' ability to regenerate muscles 8, 9 so being able to control each of these factors independently allows discrimination between niche-dependent and -independent responses. Different concentrations of serum have also been shown to have an effect on the transition from quiescence to activation. To preserve the quiescence state of its associated satellite cells, fibers should be kept in low serum medium 1-3. This is particularly useful when studying genes involved in the quiescence state. In serum rich medium, satellite cells quickly activate, proliferate, migrate and differentiate, thus mimicking the in vivo regenerative process 1-3. The system can be used to perform a variety of assays such as the testing of chemical inhibitors; ectopic expression of genes by virus delivery; oligonucleotide based gene knock-down or live imaging. This video article describes the protocol currently used in our laboratory to isolate single myofibers from the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice (6-8 weeks old).

Isolation and culture of myofibers is the gold standard in vitro system to study the transition of satellite cells through quiescence, activation and differentiation. Importantly, the single myofiber culture system preserves the myofiber/stem cell association, which is an essential component of the muscle stem cell niche.

Yetişkin İskelet Kası gelen bireysel Myofibers ve Uydu Hücre İzolasyonu ve Kültür

Muscle  regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite  cells. Satellite cells are defined by  their position between the ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

Fare Primer Pankreas Asiner Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Kültür

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice

Pulmonary hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Historically, there has been significant study of the signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction in PASMC from fetal sheep. While sheep make an excellent model of term pulmonary hypertension, they are very expensive and lack the advantage of genetic manipulation found in mice. Conversely, the inability to isolate PASMC from mice was a significant limitation of that system. Here we described the isolation of primary cultures of mouse PASMC from P7, P14, and P21 mice using a variation of the previously described technique of Marshall et al.26 that was previously used to isolate rat PASMC. These murine PASMC represent a novel tool for the study of signaling pathways in the neonatal period. Briefly, a slurry of 0.5% (w/v) agarose + 0.5% iron particles in M199 media is infused into the pulmonary vascular bed via the right ventricle (RV). The iron particles are 0.2 &#956;M in diameter and cannot pass through the pulmonary capillary bed. Thus, the iron lodges in the small pulmonary arteries (PA). The lungs are inflated with agarose, removed and dissociated. The iron-containing vessels are pulled down with a magnet. After collagenase (80 U/ml) treatment and further dissociation, the vessels are put into a tissue culture dish in M199 media containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS), and antibiotics (M199 complete media) to allow cell migration onto the culture dish. This initial plate of cells is a 50-50 mixture of fibroblasts and PASMC. Thus, the pull down procedure is repeated multiple times to achieve a more pure PASMC population and remove any residual iron. Smooth muscle cell identity is confirmed by immunostaining for smooth muscle myosin and desmin.

We have developed a novel and reproducible technique to isolate primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) from mice as young as P7, thereby allowing better study of the signaling pathways involved in neonatal smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation.

Yenidoğan fareler ile Pulmoner Arter Düz Kas Hücre İzolasyonu

Pulmonary hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Historically, there has been significant study of the signaling ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

İzolasyon ve Fare aort endotel hücreleri İlköğretim Kültür

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...