Name: maintaining aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with wolbachia
Uploaded: 2017-08-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia at JoVE.com

Wir erkennen Heng Lin Yeap, Chris Paton, Petrina Johnson und Clare Doig für ihre Beiträge zur Entwicklung unserer Kolonie Wartung Methoden und drei anonymen Gutachtern für ihre Vorschläge, die dazu beigetragen, um das Manuskript zu verbessern. Unsere Forschung stützt sich auf ein Programm Grant und Kameradschaft, AAH von den National Health und Medical Research Council und eine Übersetzung vom Wellcome Trust zu gewähren. PAR ist ein Empfänger von einem australischen Regierung Training Programm Forschungsstipendium.

Blut Fütterung der Moskitos am Menschen wurde von der University of Melbourne menschliche Ethik-Kommission genehmigt (Genehmigung Nr.: 0723847). Alle Freiwilligen zur Verfügung gestellt Einwilligung schriftliche.
1. Larvenstadium Aufzucht
Hinweis: Die Mücken sind in 26 ± 0,5 ° C und 50-70 % Relative Luftfeuchtigkeit, mit einem 12:12 h (Licht: dunkel) Photoperiode für diese Kolonie Wartungsprotokoll statt. Diese Bedingungen sind ähnlich wie die durchschnittliche...

Nach dem Protokoll hier vorgestellten für die Wartung von Wolbachia-infizierten Ae. Aegypti sollten sicherstellen, dass gesunde Mücken eine gleich bleibende Qualität für Experimente entstehen und Freisetzungen zu öffnen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Protokollen, die die Produktion von großen Mengen von Mücken priorisieren (siehe Referenz-57), sind die Methoden konzentriert sich auf die Maximierung ihrer Fitness, sowohl innerhalb der Generationen durch entspannte Aufzucht Durchf...

Aedes Aegypti Moskitos sind verantwortlich für die Übertragung von einigen der wichtigsten Arboviren in der Welt, einschließlich Zika, Dengue-Fieber und Chikungunya1. Diese Viren sind eine zunehmende Bedrohung für die globale Gesundheit immer, da die weite Verbreitung von Ae. Aegypti in den Tropen weiterhin2,3,4zu erweitern. Weibliche Ae. Aegypti bevorzugt ernähren sich von menschlichem Blut5 und somit Leben in unmittelbarer Nähe zu den Menschen, insbesondere in städtischen Gebieten, wo die Populationen dichteste sind, tendenziell. Durch diese enge Verbindung mit den Menschen haben sie auch angepasst, um in künstlichen Lebensräumen, einschließlich Reifen, Töpfe, Dachrinnen und Wasser Behälter6,7zu züchten. AE. Aegypti anpassen auch leicht, Laborumgebungen, wo sie ohne spezielle Anforderungen beibehalten werden kann, nachdem er direkt aus der Praxis, im Gegensatz zu einigen anderen Arten in der Aedes Gattung8gesammelt, 9,10. Ihre Mühelosigkeit der Wartung hat gesehen, wie sie weit in das Labor in den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen studiert, letztlich mit dem Ziel, die Moskitos Krankheiten zu steuern übertragen kann.
Traditionell, stützt arbovirale Kontrolle sich auf den Einsatz von Insektiziden, Moskito-Populationen zu reduzieren. Allerdings gibt es zunehmende Interesse an Ansätze wo modifizierte Mücken im Labor gezüchtet und dann in natürlichen Populationen freigegeben sind. Freigegebene Mücken können gentechnisch11,12,13, biologisch14,15, durch Bestrahlung16, chemische Behandlung17,18, oder in Kombination mit Techniken19 um Populationen von Moskitos zu unterdrücken oder ersetzen Sie sie durch Mücken, die refraktär gegenüber arbovirale Getriebe20sind.
Wolbachia sind Bakterien, die derzeit als eine biologische Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel für Arboviren. verwendet werden Mehrere Stämme von Wolbachia worden in Ae. Aegypti experimentell mit embryonalen Mikroinjektion21,22,23,24vor kurzem eingeführt. Diese Belastungen reduzieren die Fähigkeit von Arboviren zu verbreiten und zu replizieren im Moskito, verringern ihre Übertragung potenzielle23,25,26,27,28 . Wolbachia Infektionen sind von Mutter auf Kind, übertragen, jedoch bestimmte Stämme Sterilität verursachen, wenn infizierte Männchen paaren sich mit nicht infizierten Frauen22. Wolbachia-infizierte Männer daher in großen Mengen nach natürlichen Moskito Populationen, wie kürzlich in anderen Aedes -Arten15,29demonstriert unterdrücken freigegeben werden können. Jedoch da Wolbachia auch hemmen arbovirale Übertragung in Ae. Aegypti, können Mücken auch freigegeben, um heimische Populationen mit ärmeren Vektoren zu ersetzen. Ae. Aegypti mit Wolbachia experimentell infiziert werden jetzt in das Feld in mehrere Länder, in denen dieser letzteren Ansatz14,30,31veröffentlicht.
Wolbachia-basierte Ansätze zur arbovirale Steuerung verlassen Sie sich auf ein fundiertes Verständnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Wolbachia, die Mücke und der Umwelt. Wolbachia kommen natürlicherweise in ein breites Spektrum von Insekten, und die Stämme in Mücken eingeführt sind vielfältig in ihren Auswirkungen32. Da neue Wolbachia Infektionstypen in Ae. Aegypti24eingeführt sind, ist es notwendig, jede Belastung auf ihre Auswirkungen auf Moskito Fitness, Reproduktion und arbovirale Eingriffe unter einer Reihe von Bedingungen zu charakterisieren. Rigorose Experimente im Labor muss deshalb das Potenzial für Wolbachia Belastungen im Bereich erfolgreich zu bewerten.
Freiland-Versionen von Ae. Aegypti mit Wolbachia Infektionen können erfordern oft, dass Tausende bis Zehntausende von Mücken pro Freigabe Zone werden jede Woche14,30,31aufgezogen. Der Erfolg der ersten Releases kann verbessert werden, durch die Freigabe von Mücken von einer großen Größe ihre Fruchtbarkeit33 und Paarung Erfolg34,35maximieren. Mücken sollten auch die Gegebenheiten angepasst werden, die sie erleben werden, im Feld, aber langfristige Labor Aufzucht verursachen Veränderungen im Verhalten und Physiologie die Bereich Leistung36,37auswirken könnte, 38.
Wir beschreiben ein einfaches Protokoll für die Aufzucht von Ae. Aegypti im Labor mit Grundausstattung. Dieses Protokoll eignet sich für beide Wildtyp und Wolbachia-infizierten Mücken, von denen die letztere erfordern besondere Aufmerksamkeit, können da einige Wolbachia Stämme erhebliche Auswirkungen auf Moskito Lebensgeschichte Eigenschaften39, haben 40. die Aufzucht Bedingungen zu vermeiden, Überbelegung und Nahrungskonkurrenz Mücken eine einheitliche Größe zu produzieren, die ist entscheidend für Vektorkompetenz und Fitness Experimente und sorgt dafür, dass die Mücken gesund für Feld Release41 sind . Wir auch Vorkehrungen treffen, um Labor Anpassung und Inzucht durch Verringerung der selektiven Druck zu minimieren und sicherzustellen, dass die nächste Generation wird aus einem großen, zufällige Pool gesampelt. Jedoch Laborumgebungen unterscheiden sich deutlich von Feldbedingungen und langfristige Wartung unter ausgeruhten Bedingungen reduzieren könnte die Fitness der Mücken nach Freigabe in das Feld37,42,43 . Daher überqueren wir Frauen von Labor-Linien bis Feld gesammelt Männchen in regelmäßigen Abständen, was in Kolonien, die genetisch ähnlich für experimentelle Vergleiche sind und das Ziel Bereich Bevölkerung39angepasst sind. Die Methoden erfordern spezielle Ausrüstung und können nach hinten zig Tausenden von Individuen pro Woche für Freisetzungen hochskaliert werden. Das Protokoll priorisiert auch die Fitness der Moskitos innerhalb und zwischen den Generationen, ein wichtiger Aspekt für Insekten, die für die Einrichtung in natürlichen Populationen bestimmt. Das Protokoll ist geeignet für die meisten Labors, die erfordern Wartung von Ae. Aegypti, besonders für experimentelle Vergleiche, wo eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Mücken und Beziehbarkeit zum Feld sind wichtig.

<table width="1661">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">Wild type Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:1087px;">Collected from field locations in Queensland, Australia, see Yeap and others39 for details</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">w Mel-infected Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided by Monash University. Refer to Walker and others23 for information on the strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">w AlbB-infected Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided by Monash University. Refer to Xi and others21 for information on the strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">w MelPop-infected Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided by Monash University. Refer to McMeniman and others22 for information on the strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Instant dried yeast</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Lowan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Stimulates egg hatching. Found in general grocery stores. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">5 L plastic tub</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Quadrant</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Q110950</td>
			<td>Used for hatching and rearing larvae. Other products may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Fish Food (Tetramin Tropical Tablets)</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Tetra</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16152</td>
			<td>Provided to larvae as a source of food. Web address: https://www.amazon.com/Tetra-16152-TetraMin-Tropical-10-93-Ounce/dp/B00025Z6SE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Plastic containers</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used for rearing larvae. Any plastic container above 500 mL should be suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Glass pipette</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used for transferring larvae and pupae between containers. Web address: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/10Pcs-Durable-Long-Glass-Experiment-Medical-Pipette-Dropper-Transfer-Pipette-Lab-Supplies-With-Red-Rubber-Cap/32704471109.html?spm=2114.40010308.4.2.py4Kez</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Clicker counter</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">RS Pro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">710-5212</td>
			<td>Used to assist in the counting of larvae, pupae and eggs. Web address: http://au.rs-online.com/web/p/products/7105212/?grossPrice=Y</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Rearing trays</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Gratnells</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used for rearing larvae. Web address: http://www.gratnells.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Nylon mesh</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used to transfer larvae and pupae to containers of fresh water. Other brands may be used. Web address: https://www.spotlightstores.com/fabrics-yarn/specialty-apparel-fabrics/nettings-tulles/nylon-netting/p/BP80046941001-white</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Cages</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">BugDorm</td>
			<td>DP1000</td>
			<td>Houses adult mosquitoes. Alternative products may be used. Web address: http://bugdorm.megaview.com.tw/bugdorm-1-insect-rearing-cage-30x30x30-cm-pack-of-one-p-29.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">35 mL plastic cup</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Huhtamaki</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AA272225</td>
			<td>Used to provide water or sucrose to adult mosquitoes. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">35 mL plastic cup lid</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Huhtamaki</td>
			<td>GB030005</td>
			<td>Used to provide sucrose to adult mosquitoes. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Cotton wool</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Cutisoft</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">71841-13</td>
			<td>Moist cotton wool is provided as a source of water to adults. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">White Sugar</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided as a source of sugar to adult mosquitoes. Found in general grocery stores</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Rope</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">M Recht Accessories</td>
			<td>C323C/W</td>
			<td>Used to provide sucrose solution to adults. Other brands may be used. Web address: https://mrecht.com.au/haberdashery/braids-cords-and-tapes/cords/plaited-cord/cotton/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Plastic cup (large)</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used as an oviposition container. Any plastic cup that holds 100 mL of water should be suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Sandpaper</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Norton Master Painters</td>
			<td>CE015962</td>
			<td>Provided as an oviposition substrate. Alternative products may be used, but we use this brand because it is relatively odorless. Lighter colors are used for contrast with eggs. Web address: https://www.bolt.com.au/115mm-36m-master-painters-bulk-roll-p80-medium-p-9396.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Filter paper</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1001-150</td>
			<td>Used as an alternative oviposition substrate. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Latex gloves</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">SemperGuard</td>
			<td>Z560979</td>
			<td>Prevents mosquito bites on hands when blood feeding. Other brands may be used. Web address: http://www.sempermed.com/en/products/detail/semperguardR_latex_puderfrei_innercoated/</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

maintaining aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with wolbachia

Aedes Aegypti Moskitos experimentell infiziert mit Wolbachia sind in Programme, um die Ausbreitung von Arboviren wie Dengue-Fieber, Chikungunya und Zika genutzt. Wolbachia-infizierte Mücken ins Feld, entweder Populationsgrössen durch inkompatible Paarungen zu reduzieren oder Populationen mit Mücken zu verwandeln, die refraktär gegenüber Übertragung des Virus sind freigegeben werden können. Für diese Strategien, um erfolgreich zu sein müssen die Mücken, die in das Feld aus dem Labor entlassen mit einheimischen Mücken wettbewerbsfähig sein. Jedoch kann Pflege Mücken im Labor führen Inzucht, genetische Drift und Labor-Anpassung, die kann ihre Fitness im Bereich reduzieren und kann die Ergebnisse von Experimenten verwirren. Um die Eignung der verschiedenen Wolbachia Infektionen für den Einsatz im Feld zu testen, ist es notwendig, die Mücken in einer kontrollierten Laborumgebung über mehrere Generationen hinweg zu erhalten. Wir beschreiben ein einfaches Protokoll für die Aufrechterhaltung der Ae. Aegypti Moskitos in das Labor, das für beide Wolbachiaeignet-infizierten und Wildtyp Mücken. Die Methoden minimieren Labor Anpassung und Umsetzung Auskreuzung um die Bedeutung der Experimente für Feld Mücken zu erhöhen. Darüber hinaus werden Kolonien unter optimalen Bedingungen zu maximieren Sie ihre Fitness für Freiland Versionen beibehalten.

Abbildung 4 zeigt die Auswirkungen der suboptimale Ernährung auf die Entwicklung von Ae. Aegypti Larven. Wenn Container verfügen über 0,25 mg Futter pro Larve pro Tag oder weniger, die Entwicklungszeit erhöht für Männer und Frauen, und ist weniger synchron als im Container mit 0,5 mg von Lebensmitteln versehen. Wenn angemessener Nahrung nicht während der gesamten Dauer der Larvalentwicklung erfolgt, hätte dies negative Auswirkungen auf den Ze...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia at JoVE.com

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Pflege, Aedes Aegypti Moskitos mit Wolbachia infizierte

Aedes Aegypti Moskitos mit Wolbachia infiziert werden in natürlichen Populationen zu unterdrücken, die Übertragung von Arboviren freigesetzt. Wir beschreiben Methoden nach hinten Ae. Aegypti mit Wolbachia Infektionen im Labor für Experimente und Feld Freigabe, Vorsichtsmaßnahmen zum Labor Anpassung und Auswahl zu minimieren.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to describe the maintenance of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia. These mosquitoes are being released around the world to suppress the transmission of dengue and other viruses. Our protocol for rearing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can be used by any researchers who are interested in using mosquitoes for experiments or disease control programs.This method can also be used for rearing genetically modified mosquitoes for mosquito population control programs, including those that involve sterile insect release. The principles involved in this approach can also be applied to the rearing of other disease vector species. For this protocol, house the mosquitoes at approximately 26 degrees Celsius and at 50 to 70%relative humidity with an equatorial photo period.If they are reared at higher temperatures, the Wolbachia infections could be lost, so do not overheat the colonies. Maintain around 500 mosquitoes per population to minimize inbreeding. Using this protocol with adequate nutrition will yield 28 day generations.Begin with eggs on a substrate. Submerge them in trays containing three liters of water with about 300 milligrams of fish food and a few grains of active, dry yeast to induce hatching. One day after hatching, use a glass pipet to transfer approximately 500 larvae to trays containing four liters of water and fresh fish food.Check the trays daily to ensure that the larvae have sufficient food. Add about 600 milligrams of fish food every other day to maintain an optimal food supply. Overfeeding can result in water clouding and thus mortality, so replace the water as needed.If nutrition and temperatures are maintained correctly, the larvae will pupate five to seven days after hatching. And adults will emerge approximately two days later. Seven days after hatching, pour the entire contents of the tray through a fine mesh.Retain some of the filtered water in a five liter container for ova position in the same colony. Next, invert the mesh, and dip it into a plastic container with 200 milliliters of water to transfer the pupae. Add the appropriate amount of food to feed any remaining larvae.Now, set up an adult emergence cage with two cups of 10%sucrose solution and two cups of moist cotton balls to prevent desiccation. If the pupae do not need to be sorted by sex, transfer the container of pupae into a cage, and leave the lid slightly ajar for the adults to escape and enter the cage. After all of the adults have emerged, remove the container from the cage.Do not select against slow developers by taking the container out sooner. To collect virgin mosquitoes, transfer the pupae from the larval rearing trays to plastic containers with 200 milliliters of water every 24 hours. Sort the sexes by size.Females are larger than males. And transfer them to separate containers. Keep the lids closed on the containers so the adults do not escape.Before releasing the emerging adults into their cages, confirm their sex. Incorrectly sexed adults must be removed using an aspirator within 24 hours of emergence while they are still sexually immature. To keep the Wolbachia infected colonies similar to a natural population, cross the infected females from the lab to uninfected wild males.Mature the males and females separately for two days. And then aspirate the females into the male cage. Ideally, set up a one to one sex ratio with a population size of around 500.Proceed to outcross the mosquitoes for at least three consecutive generations. At least three days after the last adults emerge, and before they are two weeks old, blood feed the colony before excessive female mortality occurs. This is particularly important for mosquitoes with Wolbachia infections that shorten lifespan.The sugar cups should be removed the day before. Give the mosquitoes access to a forearm, and wear a latex glove to protect the hand and wrist. Most females should be fed within five minutes.But it can take up to 15 minutes. Once all the females are visibly engorged, remove the forearm, and replace the sugar cups. Two days after blood feeding, place two plastic cups filled with water and lined with a partially submerged strip of sandpaper into the cage.Then, remove any other water source except for the sugar water. The females will oviposit on the sandpaper just above the water line from three days after blood feeding. Collect and replace the sandpaper daily until no more eggs are laid.If more eggs are needed, blood feeding can be performed at weekly intervals. Partially dry the sandpaper with about 30 seconds of gentle blotting using a paper towel. Do not dislodge the eggs.Then, wrap the strips in a sheet of dry paper towel, and place it into a sealable plastic bag. Three days post collection, inspect the eggs under a dissecting microscope. If the sandpaper is too wet, the eggs may hatch before being submerged in water.But if it dried too harshly, the eggs may collapse. The eggs are ready to hatch three days after collection. Submerge all the eggs from each colony into the same container of water to produce a large pool of individuals for the next generation.Generally, eggs can be stored in a sealed container with a humidity greater than 80%at 20 degrees Celsius for several months. But some Wolbachia infections reduce viability, so these eggs should be hatched within a week of collection. When larvae containers were provided with 0.25 milligrams of food per larva per day or less, the development time increased for both sexes and was less synchronous than in containers provided with more food.If adequate food is not provided throughout the duration of development, this will negatively impact colony maintenance. Slowly developing individuals might be selected against, and blood feeding may be delayed. There may even be increased adult mortality before reproduction.Sub-optimal nutrition affected adult morphology. Wing lengths decreased substantially and correlated to nutrition levels. Uniform body sizes are important to experimental comparisons as body size is positively associated with fecundity, and large mosquitoes should be more fit under field conditions.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to maintain Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia. Following our protocol should ensure that healthy mosquitoes of a consistent quality are produced. These mosquitoes can then be released into the field for disease control programs or be used for experiments.When working with Wolbachia infected mosquitoes, it is important to monitor their infection status to ensure that the colonies maintain their Wolbachia infections.

maintaining-aedes-aegypti-mosquitoes-infected-with-wolbachia

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Wolbachia Bacterial Infection in Drosophila

Wolbachia Bakterielle Infektion in Drosophila

Forschung

Biologie

Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever.  The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever. The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

Mikroinjektion von A. aegypti Embryonen, um transgene Moskitos erhalten

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue ...

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of the virus in the mosquito tissues. This protocol is routinely used for studying mosquito-virus interactions, especially for identification of novel host factors that are able to determine vector competence. The entire experiment must be conducted in a BSL2 laboratory. Similar to Plasmodium falciparum infections, proper attire including gloves and lab coat must be worn at all times. After the experiment, all the materials that came in contact with the virus need to be treated with 75% ethanol and bleached before proceeding with normal washing. All other materials need to be autoclaved before discarding them.

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for the dengue virus, it must be evaluated for it's role in preventing viral infections within the mosquito. This protocol illustrates how the extent of dengue infections of mosquitoes can be assayed. The techniques for growing up the virus in culture, membrane feeding mosquitoes human blood, and assaying viral titers in the mosquito midgut are demonstrated.

Protokoll für Dengue-Infektionen in Mücken (Aedes aegypti) und Infektionsbiologie Phänotyp Bestimmung

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of ...

Maintaining Wolbachia in Cell-free Medium

In this video protocol, procedures are demonstrated to (1) purify Wolbachia symbionts out of cultured mosquito cells, (2) use a fluorescent assay to ascertain the viability of the purified Wolbachia and (3) maintain the now extracellular Wolbachia in cell-free medium.  Purified Wolbachia remain alive in the extracellular phase but do not replicate until re-inoculated into eukaryotic cells.  Extracellular Wolbachia purified in this manner will remain viable for at least a week at room temperature, and possibly longer.  Purified Wolbachia are suitable for micro-injection, DNA extraction and other applications. 


This video describes a method for purifying Wolbachia pipientis from an Anopheles gambiae cell line and then culturing the endosymbiont in cell-free medium. An assay for viability of the bacterium is demonstrated.

Die Aufrechterhaltung Wolbachia in zellfreien Medium

In this video protocol, procedures are demonstrated to (1) purify Wolbachia symbionts out of cultured mosquito cells, (2) use a fluorescent assay to ...

Dissection of Midgut and Salivary Glands from Ae. aegypti Mosquitoes

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol demonstrates dissection techniques for removal of the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. 



The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for vector pathogens like Plasmodium falciparum and the dengue virus. This video demonstrates the dissection techniques for removing the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Dissection der Dünndarm-und Speicheldrüsen von Ae. aegypti Moskitos

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol ...

Building a Better Mosquito: Identifying the Genes Enabling Malaria and Dengue Fever Resistance in A. gambiae and A. aegypti Mosquitoes

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections.   Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections. Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

Ein besseres Mosquito: Identifizierung der Gene aktivieren Malaria und Dengue-Fieber Widerstand in A. gambiae und A. aegypti Moskitos

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus ...

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion rate. This method can be used to obtain a better understanding of the process of diuresis in insects and is especially useful in the study of diuresis in blood-feeding arthropods that are able to take up huge amounts of liquid in a single blood meal. 
This RNAi-mediated gene knockdown combined with an in vivo diuresis assay was developed by the Hansen lab to study the effects of RNAi-mediated knockdown of aquaporin genes on Aedes aegypti mosquito diuresis1. 
The protocol is setup in two parts: the first demonstration illustrates how to construct a simple mosquito injection device and how to prepare and inject dsRNA into the thorax of mosquitoes for RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. The second demonstration illustrates how to determine excretion rates in mosquitoes using an in vivo bioassay.

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

In this protocol we combine RNAi-mediated gene silencing with an in vivo diuresis assay to study the effects knockdown of genes of interest has on mosquito fluid excretion.

RNAi-vermittelte Gen-Knockdown und<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Diurese Assay in Adult Female<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em&gt; Moskitos

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of these disease vectors. We have recently identified a bitter sensing neuron in the labellum of female Aedes aegypti that responds to DEET and other repellents, as well as bitter quinine, through direct electrophysiological investigation. These gustatory receptor neuron responses prompted our sequencing of total mRNA from both male and female labella and tarsi samples to elucidate the putative chemoreception genes expressed in these contact chemoreception tissues. Samples of tarsi were divided into pro-, meso- and metathoracic subtypes for both sexes. We then validated our dataset by conducting qRT-PCR on the same tissue samples and used statistical methods to compare results between the two methods. Studies addressing molecular function may now target specific genes to determine those involved in repellent perception by mosquitoes. These receptor pathways may be used to screen novel repellents towards disruption of host-seeking behavior to curb the spread of harmful viruses.

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Using two methods to estimate gene expression in the major gustatory appendages of Aedes aegypti, we have identified the set of genes putatively underlying the neuronal responses to bitter and repulsive compounds, as determined by electrophysiological examination.

Physiologische Aufnahmen und RNA-Sequenzierung der gustatorischen Anhangsgebilde der Gelbfieber-Moskito-<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of ...

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect fat body tissue is usually distributed throughout the insect body. However, it is often concentrated in the abdomen and attached to the abdominal body wall.
The mosquito fat body is the sole source of yolk proteins, which are critical for egg production. Therefore, the in vitro culture of mosquito fat body tissues represents an important system for the study of mosquito physiology, metabolism, and, ultimately, egg production. The fat body culture process begins with the preparation of solutions and reagents, including amino acid stock solutions, Aedes physiological saline salt stock solution (APS), calcium stock solution, and fat body culture medium. The process continues with fat body dissection, followed by an experimental treatment. After treatment, a variety of different analyses can be performed, including RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), qPCR, Western blots, proteomics, and metabolomics.
In our example experiment, we demonstrate the protocol through the excision and culture of fat bodies from the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a principal vector of arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. RNA from fat bodies cultured under a physiological condition known to upregulate yolk proteins versus the control were subject to RNA-Seq analysis to demonstrate the potential utility of this procedure for investigations of gene expression.

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

The fat body is the central metabolic organ in insects. We present a live organ culture system that enables the user to study the responses of isolated fat body tissue to various stimuli.

Fetten Körper Kultur Organsystem in Aedes Aegypti, Überträger von Zika-Virus

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect ...

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates (EAgaL Plates)

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness parameters, in particular egg production and hatch rates at the individual level, conventional methods have put a substantial burden on investigators due to high labor intensity and laboratory space requirements. Described is a simple method using 24 well tissue culture plate with agarose in each well and digital imaging of each well to determine egg numbers and hatch rates at an individual level with substantially reduced time and space requirements.

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates EAgaL Plates

Described is a time and space-saving method to count eggs and determine hatch rates of individual mosquitoes using 24 well tissue culture plates, which can substantially increase the scale and speed of fecundity and fertility assays.

Verbesserte Fecundity und Fruchtbarkeit Assay für Aedes aegypti mit 24 Well Tissue Culture Platten (EAgaL Platten)

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness ...