Name: maintaining aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with wolbachia
Uploaded: 2017-08-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia at JoVE.com

우리는 Heng 린 응, 크리스 패튼, Petrina 존슨 및 우리의 식민지 유지 관리 방법의 개발에 그들의 공헌에 대 한 클레어 Doig 및 원고를 개선 하는 데 도움이 그들의 제안에 대 한 3 명의 익명 검토자 인정 합니다. 우리의 연구 국민 건강에서 아에 프로그램 그랜트와 장학금에 의해 지원 됩니다 그리고 의료 연구 위원회 및 번역 Wellcome 트러스트에서 부여. 파 한 호주 정부 연구 훈련 프로그램 장학금의 받는 사람입니다.

멜버른 인간의 윤리 위원회의 대학에 의해 승인 되었다 혈액 인간 주제에 모기의 먹이 (승인 #: 0723847). 제공 하는 모든 자원 봉사자 정보 서 면된 동의.
1. 애벌레 양육
참고: 모기는 26 ± 0.5 ° C 및 50-70% 상대 습도,이 식민지 유지 관리 프로토콜에 대 한 12시 12분 h (빛: 다크) photoperiod와에서 개최 됩니다. 이러한 조건을 평균 기후 조건, 호주 및 최적의 열 범위 <...

여기에 제시 된 Wolbachia의 유지 보수에 대 한 프로토콜에 따라-감염 된 Ae aegypti 일관성 있는 품질의 건강 한 모기 실험에 대 한 생산 및 필드 자료 열을 확인 해야. (참조57참조) 모기의 대량 양의 생산 우선 순위를 지정 하는 다른 프로토콜, 달리 방법 모두 세대 편안한 양육 조건, 구현 하 여 고에서 자신의 체력을 극대화에 집중 근 친, 선택 및 실험실 적응을 최소화 ?...

Aedes aegypti 모기는 뎅기열, Zika chikungunya1를 포함 하 여 세계에서 가장 중요 한 arboviruses의 일부를 전송 합니다. 이러한 바이러스 Ae aegypti 열 대 지방에 널리 분포2,,34를 확장 하는 계속 되 고 세계 보건에 대 한 증가 위협 되 고 있다. 여성 애 aegypti 우선적으로 인간의 피5 에 피드 하 고 따라서 인구는 가장 조밀한 도시 지역에서 특히 인 간에 게 가까운 근접에서 사는 경향이. 인간과이 가까운 협회를 통해 그들은 또한 타이어, 냄비, 하 수구 및 물 탱크6,7을 포함 하 여 인공 서식 지에서 번 식에 적응 했습니다. Ae aegypti 또한 쉽게 어디 그들은 유지 될 수 있는 어떤 특별 한 필요 조건 없이 Aedes 속8, 다른 종족과 달리 필드에서 직접 수집 후 실험실 환경에 적응 9,10. 유지 보수의 용이성 그들의 분야의 광범위 한 범위에 실험실에서 널리 공부 그들 본, 전송할 수 있습니다 궁극적으로 질병 모기 제어를 목표로 하는 것.
전통적으로, arboviral 제어 모기 인구를 줄이기 위해 살충제의 사용에 크게 의존 합니다. 그러나, 접근 수정된 모기 실험실에서 양육 하 고 자연적인 인구에 발표에서 증가 관심이 있다. 출시 된 모기는 유전자에11,12,13, 생물학14,15, 방사선 조사16, 화학 치료17,18를 통해 수정할 수 있습니다. 또는 결합 된 기법19 모기 인구를 억제 하거나 arboviral 전송20내 화물은 모기와 함께 그들을 대체 합니다.
Wolbachia 박테리아 arboviruses. 에 대 한 생물 학적 제어 에이전트로 현재 사용 되 고 있다 여러 변종의 Wolbachia 최근 Ae aegypti 배아 microinjection21,22,,2324를 사용 하 여 실험적으로로 소개 되었다. 이러한 변종 유포 및 떨어지면서 그들의 전송 잠재적인23,25,,2627,28 모기에 복제 하는 arboviruses의 용량을 줄일 . 그러나 Wolbachia 감염 감염 된 남성과 감염 되지 않은 여성22친구 때 특정 긴장 무 균을 유도 하는, 자손에 게 어머니에서 전송 됩니다. Wolbachia-감염 된 남성 최근에 다른 Aedes 종15,29에서 설명 하는 천연 모기 인구를 억제 하에 따라서 나올 수 있습니다. 그러나, 이후 Wolbachia 또한 Ae aegyptiarboviral 전송 억제, 모기 수 또한 나올 가난한 벡터 본토 인구를 바꿉니다. Ae aegypti Wolbachia 실험적으로 감염 됩니다 지금이 후자의 접근14,,3031를 사용 하 여 여러 국가에서 필드에 출시 되고있다.
Wolbachia-arboviral 컨트롤에 대 한 기반된 접근법 Wolbachia, 모기와 환경 간의 상호 작용의 소리 이해에 의존. Wolbachia 곤충의 광범위 한 범위에서 자연스럽 게 발생 하 고 모기에 도입 하는 긴장은 그들의 효과32에서 다양 한. Wolbachia 감염 신형 Ae aegypti24에 소개는, 그것은 모기 피트 니스, 재생산 및 다양 한 조건에서 arboviral 간섭에 미치는 영향에 대 한 각 스트레인을 특성화 하는 데 필요한. 실험실에서 엄격한 실험 따라서 Wolbachia 종자 분야에서 성공 하기 위한 잠재력을 평가 해야 합니다.
Wolbachia 감염 Ae aegypti 의 오픈 필드 자료 자주 출시 될 영역 당 모기의 수천 수만 수천 reared 각 주14,,3031요구할 수 있습니다. 초기 출시의 성공 그들의 통치33 과 짝짓기 성공34,35극대화에 큰 크기의 모기를 방출 하 여 개선할 수 있습니다. 그러나 모기도 그들은 행동과 필드 성능36,37에 영향을 줄 수 있는 생리에 변화를 일으킬 수 있습니다 장기 실험실 양육 분야에서 경험 하 게 됩니다 하는 조건에 적응 해야 38.
우리 애 aegypti 기본 장비를 사용 하 여 실험실에서 양육에 대 한 간단한 프로토콜을 설명 합니다. 이 프로토콜은 두 야생-타입에 적합 및 Wolbachia-감염 모기, 후자는 요구할 수 있습니다 특별 한 관심으로 일부 Wolbachia 변종 모기 생활 역사 특색39, 에 상당한 영향을 미칠 40. 양육 조건과 밀 하 고 일관 된 크기는 벡터 역량 및 피트 니스 실험에 대 한 중요 하 고 모기는 필드 릴리스41에 대 한 건강 보장의 모기를 생산 하는 식품에 대 한 경쟁 방지 . 우리는 또한 선택 압력을 감소 시켜 실험실 적응 및 근 친 결혼을 최소화 하기 위해 예방 조치를 취해야 하 고 큰, 임의의 풀에서 샘플링은 되도록 다음 세대. 그러나, 실험실 환경 분명히 다른 필드 조건, 그리고 편안한 조건에서 장기적인 유지 관리 릴리스 필드37,42,43에 따라 모기의 피트 니스를 줄일 수 있습니다. . 우리가 따라서 크로스 여성 필드 수집 남성 주기적으로 실험실 라인에서 식민지 유전자 실험 비교에 대 한 유사 고는 대상 필드 인구39적응의 결과로. 방법 어떤 특수 장비를 필요로 하지 않는 및 필드 출시에 대 한 주당 개인의 수천의 수만 후방에 확장할 수 있습니다. 프로토콜은 또한 곤충 자연 인구에 설립에 대 한 운명에 대 한 중요 한 고려 사항 시간과 세대를 걸쳐 모기의 피트 니스 우선순위. 이 프로토콜은 특히 모기와 필드에 relatability의 일관 된 품질은 중요 한 실험적인 비교에 대 한 Ae aegypti의 유지 보수를 필요로 하는 대부분의 실험실에 적합 합니다.

<table width="1661">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">Wild type Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:1087px;">Collected from field locations in Queensland, Australia, see Yeap and others39 for details</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">w Mel-infected Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided by Monash University. Refer to Walker and others23 for information on the strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">w AlbB-infected Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided by Monash University. Refer to Xi and others21 for information on the strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="width:287px;height:24px;">w MelPop-infected Aedes aegypti</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided by Monash University. Refer to McMeniman and others22 for information on the strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Instant dried yeast</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Lowan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Stimulates egg hatching. Found in general grocery stores. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">5 L plastic tub</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Quadrant</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Q110950</td>
			<td>Used for hatching and rearing larvae. Other products may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Fish Food (Tetramin Tropical Tablets)</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Tetra</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16152</td>
			<td>Provided to larvae as a source of food. Web address: https://www.amazon.com/Tetra-16152-TetraMin-Tropical-10-93-Ounce/dp/B00025Z6SE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Plastic containers</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used for rearing larvae. Any plastic container above 500 mL should be suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Glass pipette</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used for transferring larvae and pupae between containers. Web address: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/10Pcs-Durable-Long-Glass-Experiment-Medical-Pipette-Dropper-Transfer-Pipette-Lab-Supplies-With-Red-Rubber-Cap/32704471109.html?spm=2114.40010308.4.2.py4Kez</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Clicker counter</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">RS Pro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">710-5212</td>
			<td>Used to assist in the counting of larvae, pupae and eggs. Web address: http://au.rs-online.com/web/p/products/7105212/?grossPrice=Y</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Rearing trays</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Gratnells</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used for rearing larvae. Web address: http://www.gratnells.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Nylon mesh</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used to transfer larvae and pupae to containers of fresh water. Other brands may be used. Web address: https://www.spotlightstores.com/fabrics-yarn/specialty-apparel-fabrics/nettings-tulles/nylon-netting/p/BP80046941001-white</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Cages</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">BugDorm</td>
			<td>DP1000</td>
			<td>Houses adult mosquitoes. Alternative products may be used. Web address: http://bugdorm.megaview.com.tw/bugdorm-1-insect-rearing-cage-30x30x30-cm-pack-of-one-p-29.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">35 mL plastic cup</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Huhtamaki</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AA272225</td>
			<td>Used to provide water or sucrose to adult mosquitoes. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">35 mL plastic cup lid</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Huhtamaki</td>
			<td>GB030005</td>
			<td>Used to provide sucrose to adult mosquitoes. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Cotton wool</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Cutisoft</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">71841-13</td>
			<td>Moist cotton wool is provided as a source of water to adults. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">White Sugar</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Provided as a source of sugar to adult mosquitoes. Found in general grocery stores</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Rope</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">M Recht Accessories</td>
			<td>C323C/W</td>
			<td>Used to provide sucrose solution to adults. Other brands may be used. Web address: https://mrecht.com.au/haberdashery/braids-cords-and-tapes/cords/plaited-cord/cotton/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Plastic cup (large)</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Used as an oviposition container. Any plastic cup that holds 100 mL of water should be suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Sandpaper</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Norton Master Painters</td>
			<td>CE015962</td>
			<td>Provided as an oviposition substrate. Alternative products may be used, but we use this brand because it is relatively odorless. Lighter colors are used for contrast with eggs. Web address: https://www.bolt.com.au/115mm-36m-master-painters-bulk-roll-p80-medium-p-9396.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Filter paper</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1001-150</td>
			<td>Used as an alternative oviposition substrate. Other brands may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="width:287px;height:21px;">Latex gloves</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">SemperGuard</td>
			<td>Z560979</td>
			<td>Prevents mosquito bites on hands when blood feeding. Other brands may be used. Web address: http://www.sempermed.com/en/products/detail/semperguardR_latex_puderfrei_innercoated/</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

maintaining aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with wolbachia

실험적 감염 Wolbachia aedes aegypti 모기는 뎅기열, chikungunya, Zika 등 arboviruses의 확산을 제어 하는 프로그램에서 활용 되고있다. Wolbachia-감염 된 모기 호환 되지 않는 matings 통해 인구 크기를 줄이거나 또는 바이러스 전송 내 화물은 모기와 인구 변환 필드에 나올 수 있습니다. 성공할이 전략에 대 한 실험실에서 필드에 출시 모기 네이티브 모기와 경쟁 해야 합니다. 그러나, 실험실에서 모기를 유지 될 수 있습니다 근 친, 유전적 부동 및 실험실 적응 분야에서 자신의 체력을 줄일 수 있으며 실험의 결과 혼동 수 있습니다. 테스트 하려면 배포에 대 한 다른 Wolbachia 감염의 적합성 분야에서 그것은 여러 세대에 걸쳐 제어 된 실험실 환경에서 모기를 유지 하는 데 필요한. 우리 모두 Wolbachia적합 실험실에서 Ae aegypti 모기를 유지 하기 위한 간단한 프로토콜 설명-감염 및 야생-타입 모기. 방법 실험실 적응을 최소화 하 고 필드 모기에 실험의 관련성을 높이기 위해 outcrossing 구현. 또한, 식민지는 오픈 필드 자료에 대 한 자신의 적합성을 극대화 하기 위해 최적의 조건에서 유지 됩니다.

그림 4 에서는 Ae aegypti 애벌레의 개발에 차선의 영양의 효과 보여 줍니다. 때 컨테이너 애벌레 하루 당 식품의 0.25 밀리 그램 제공 됩니다 또는, 개발 시간 증가 둘 다 남성과 여성, 하 고 음식의 0.5 mg와 용기에 보다 적게 동기 제공 됩니다. 적절 한 음식 애벌레의 개발 기간을 통해 제공 되지 않은 경우 유지 관리 일정에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia at JoVE.com

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Aedes aegypti 모기 감염 Wolbachia 유지

Aedes aegypti 모기 Wolbachia 감염 arboviruses의 전송을 억제 하는 자연적인 인구에 발표 되는. 우리 실험실 적응 및 선택 최소화 하기 위해 예방 조치를 복용 실험 및 필드 릴리스, 후면 Ae aegypti Wolbachia 감염 실험실에서 하는 방법을 설명 합니다.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes experimentally infected with Wolbachia are being utilized in programs to control the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to describe the maintenance of the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia. These mosquitoes are being released around the world to suppress the transmission of dengue and other viruses. Our protocol for rearing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can be used by any researchers who are interested in using mosquitoes for experiments or disease control programs.This method can also be used for rearing genetically modified mosquitoes for mosquito population control programs, including those that involve sterile insect release. The principles involved in this approach can also be applied to the rearing of other disease vector species. For this protocol, house the mosquitoes at approximately 26 degrees Celsius and at 50 to 70%relative humidity with an equatorial photo period.If they are reared at higher temperatures, the Wolbachia infections could be lost, so do not overheat the colonies. Maintain around 500 mosquitoes per population to minimize inbreeding. Using this protocol with adequate nutrition will yield 28 day generations.Begin with eggs on a substrate. Submerge them in trays containing three liters of water with about 300 milligrams of fish food and a few grains of active, dry yeast to induce hatching. One day after hatching, use a glass pipet to transfer approximately 500 larvae to trays containing four liters of water and fresh fish food.Check the trays daily to ensure that the larvae have sufficient food. Add about 600 milligrams of fish food every other day to maintain an optimal food supply. Overfeeding can result in water clouding and thus mortality, so replace the water as needed.If nutrition and temperatures are maintained correctly, the larvae will pupate five to seven days after hatching. And adults will emerge approximately two days later. Seven days after hatching, pour the entire contents of the tray through a fine mesh.Retain some of the filtered water in a five liter container for ova position in the same colony. Next, invert the mesh, and dip it into a plastic container with 200 milliliters of water to transfer the pupae. Add the appropriate amount of food to feed any remaining larvae.Now, set up an adult emergence cage with two cups of 10%sucrose solution and two cups of moist cotton balls to prevent desiccation. If the pupae do not need to be sorted by sex, transfer the container of pupae into a cage, and leave the lid slightly ajar for the adults to escape and enter the cage. After all of the adults have emerged, remove the container from the cage.Do not select against slow developers by taking the container out sooner. To collect virgin mosquitoes, transfer the pupae from the larval rearing trays to plastic containers with 200 milliliters of water every 24 hours. Sort the sexes by size.Females are larger than males. And transfer them to separate containers. Keep the lids closed on the containers so the adults do not escape.Before releasing the emerging adults into their cages, confirm their sex. Incorrectly sexed adults must be removed using an aspirator within 24 hours of emergence while they are still sexually immature. To keep the Wolbachia infected colonies similar to a natural population, cross the infected females from the lab to uninfected wild males.Mature the males and females separately for two days. And then aspirate the females into the male cage. Ideally, set up a one to one sex ratio with a population size of around 500.Proceed to outcross the mosquitoes for at least three consecutive generations. At least three days after the last adults emerge, and before they are two weeks old, blood feed the colony before excessive female mortality occurs. This is particularly important for mosquitoes with Wolbachia infections that shorten lifespan.The sugar cups should be removed the day before. Give the mosquitoes access to a forearm, and wear a latex glove to protect the hand and wrist. Most females should be fed within five minutes.But it can take up to 15 minutes. Once all the females are visibly engorged, remove the forearm, and replace the sugar cups. Two days after blood feeding, place two plastic cups filled with water and lined with a partially submerged strip of sandpaper into the cage.Then, remove any other water source except for the sugar water. The females will oviposit on the sandpaper just above the water line from three days after blood feeding. Collect and replace the sandpaper daily until no more eggs are laid.If more eggs are needed, blood feeding can be performed at weekly intervals. Partially dry the sandpaper with about 30 seconds of gentle blotting using a paper towel. Do not dislodge the eggs.Then, wrap the strips in a sheet of dry paper towel, and place it into a sealable plastic bag. Three days post collection, inspect the eggs under a dissecting microscope. If the sandpaper is too wet, the eggs may hatch before being submerged in water.But if it dried too harshly, the eggs may collapse. The eggs are ready to hatch three days after collection. Submerge all the eggs from each colony into the same container of water to produce a large pool of individuals for the next generation.Generally, eggs can be stored in a sealed container with a humidity greater than 80%at 20 degrees Celsius for several months. But some Wolbachia infections reduce viability, so these eggs should be hatched within a week of collection. When larvae containers were provided with 0.25 milligrams of food per larva per day or less, the development time increased for both sexes and was less synchronous than in containers provided with more food.If adequate food is not provided throughout the duration of development, this will negatively impact colony maintenance. Slowly developing individuals might be selected against, and blood feeding may be delayed. There may even be increased adult mortality before reproduction.Sub-optimal nutrition affected adult morphology. Wing lengths decreased substantially and correlated to nutrition levels. Uniform body sizes are important to experimental comparisons as body size is positively associated with fecundity, and large mosquitoes should be more fit under field conditions.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to maintain Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia. Following our protocol should ensure that healthy mosquitoes of a consistent quality are produced. These mosquitoes can then be released into the field for disease control programs or be used for experiments.When working with Wolbachia infected mosquitoes, it is important to monitor their infection status to ensure that the colonies maintain their Wolbachia infections.

maintaining-aedes-aegypti-mosquitoes-infected-with-wolbachia

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Maintaining Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Infected with Wolbachia

Wolbachia Bacterial Infection in Drosophila

Drosophila에서 Wolbachia 세균 감염

연구

생물학

Microinjection of A. aegypti Embryos to Obtain Transgenic Mosquitoes

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever.  The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue fever. The techniques for correctly preparing microinjection needles, dessicating embryos, and performing microinjection are demonstrated.

트렌스 제닉 모기를 구하는 A. aegypti의 태아의 Microinjection

In this video, Nijole Jasinskiene demonstrates the methodology employed to generate transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are vectors for dengue ...

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes (A. aegypti) and Infection Phenotype Determination

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of the virus in the mosquito tissues. This protocol is routinely used for studying mosquito-virus interactions, especially for identification of novel host factors that are able to determine vector competence. The entire experiment must be conducted in a BSL2 laboratory. Similar to Plasmodium falciparum infections, proper attire including gloves and lab coat must be worn at all times. After the experiment, all the materials that came in contact with the virus need to be treated with 75% ethanol and bleached before proceeding with normal washing. All other materials need to be autoclaved before discarding them.

Protocol for Dengue Infections in Mosquitoes A. aegypti and Infection Phenotype Determination

Once a gene is identified as potentially refractory for the dengue virus, it must be evaluated for it's role in preventing viral infections within the mosquito. This protocol illustrates how the extent of dengue infections of mosquitoes can be assayed. The techniques for growing up the virus in culture, membrane feeding mosquitoes human blood, and assaying viral titers in the mosquito midgut are demonstrated.

모기 (A. aegypti)와 감염 표현형 결정에 뎅그열 감염 프로토콜

The purpose of this procedure is to infect the Aedes mosquito with dengue virus in a laboratory condition and examine the infection level and dynamic of ...

Maintaining Wolbachia in Cell-free Medium

In this video protocol, procedures are demonstrated to (1) purify Wolbachia symbionts out of cultured mosquito cells, (2) use a fluorescent assay to ascertain the viability of the purified Wolbachia and (3) maintain the now extracellular Wolbachia in cell-free medium.  Purified Wolbachia remain alive in the extracellular phase but do not replicate until re-inoculated into eukaryotic cells.  Extracellular Wolbachia purified in this manner will remain viable for at least a week at room temperature, and possibly longer.  Purified Wolbachia are suitable for micro-injection, DNA extraction and other applications. 


This video describes a method for purifying Wolbachia pipientis from an Anopheles gambiae cell line and then culturing the endosymbiont in cell-free medium. An assay for viability of the bacterium is demonstrated.

셀없는 매체 Wolbachia을 유지

In this video protocol, procedures are demonstrated to (1) purify Wolbachia symbionts out of cultured mosquito cells, (2) use a fluorescent assay to ...

Dissection of Midgut and Salivary Glands from Ae. aegypti Mosquitoes

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol demonstrates dissection techniques for removal of the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. 



The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for vector pathogens like Plasmodium falciparum and the dengue virus. This video demonstrates the dissection techniques for removing the midgut and salivary glands from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

애에서 Midgut과 침샘의 해부. aegypti 모기

The mosquito midgut and salivary glands are key entry and exit points for pathogens such as Plasmodium parasites and Dengue viruses. This video protocol ...

Building a Better Mosquito: Identifying the Genes Enabling Malaria and Dengue Fever Resistance in A. gambiae and A. aegypti Mosquitoes

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections.   Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus infections. Explanation is given for how key refractory genes, those genes conferring resistance to vector pathogens, are identified in the mosquito and how this knowledge can be used to generate transgenic mosquitoes that are unable to carry the malaria parasite or dengue virus.

더 나은 모스키토 구축 : A. gambiae 및 A. aegypti 모기에 말라리아와 뎅그열 발열 저항을 사용 유전자를 확인

In this interview, George Dimopoulos focuses on the physiological mechanisms used by mosquitoes to combat Plasmodium falciparum and dengue virus ...

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion rate. This method can be used to obtain a better understanding of the process of diuresis in insects and is especially useful in the study of diuresis in blood-feeding arthropods that are able to take up huge amounts of liquid in a single blood meal. 
This RNAi-mediated gene knockdown combined with an in vivo diuresis assay was developed by the Hansen lab to study the effects of RNAi-mediated knockdown of aquaporin genes on Aedes aegypti mosquito diuresis1. 
The protocol is setup in two parts: the first demonstration illustrates how to construct a simple mosquito injection device and how to prepare and inject dsRNA into the thorax of mosquitoes for RNAi-mediated gene knockdown. The second demonstration illustrates how to determine excretion rates in mosquitoes using an in vivo bioassay.

RNAi-mediated Gene Knockdown and In Vivo Diuresis Assay in Adult Female Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

In this protocol we combine RNAi-mediated gene silencing with an in vivo diuresis assay to study the effects knockdown of genes of interest has on mosquito fluid excretion.

RNAi - 중재 유전자 최저 및<em&gt; VIVO에서</em성인 여자의&gt; 이뇨 분석<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em&gt; 모기

This video protocol demonstrates an effective technique to knockdown a particular gene in an insect and conduct a novel bioassay to measure excretion ...

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of these disease vectors. We have recently identified a bitter sensing neuron in the labellum of female Aedes aegypti that responds to DEET and other repellents, as well as bitter quinine, through direct electrophysiological investigation. These gustatory receptor neuron responses prompted our sequencing of total mRNA from both male and female labella and tarsi samples to elucidate the putative chemoreception genes expressed in these contact chemoreception tissues. Samples of tarsi were divided into pro-, meso- and metathoracic subtypes for both sexes. We then validated our dataset by conducting qRT-PCR on the same tissue samples and used statistical methods to compare results between the two methods. Studies addressing molecular function may now target specific genes to determine those involved in repellent perception by mosquitoes. These receptor pathways may be used to screen novel repellents towards disruption of host-seeking behavior to curb the spread of harmful viruses.

Physiological Recordings and RNA Sequencing of the Gustatory Appendages of the Yellow-fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Using two methods to estimate gene expression in the major gustatory appendages of Aedes aegypti, we have identified the set of genes putatively underlying the neuronal responses to bitter and repulsive compounds, as determined by electrophysiological examination.

생리 녹음 및 황열병 모기의 미각 부속 기관의 RNA 시퀀싱<em&gt; Aedes aegypti</em

Electrophysiological recording of action potentials from sensory neurons of mosquitoes provides investigators a glimpse into the chemical perception of ...

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect fat body tissue is usually distributed throughout the insect body. However, it is often concentrated in the abdomen and attached to the abdominal body wall.
The mosquito fat body is the sole source of yolk proteins, which are critical for egg production. Therefore, the in vitro culture of mosquito fat body tissues represents an important system for the study of mosquito physiology, metabolism, and, ultimately, egg production. The fat body culture process begins with the preparation of solutions and reagents, including amino acid stock solutions, Aedes physiological saline salt stock solution (APS), calcium stock solution, and fat body culture medium. The process continues with fat body dissection, followed by an experimental treatment. After treatment, a variety of different analyses can be performed, including RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), qPCR, Western blots, proteomics, and metabolomics.
In our example experiment, we demonstrate the protocol through the excision and culture of fat bodies from the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a principal vector of arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. RNA from fat bodies cultured under a physiological condition known to upregulate yolk proteins versus the control were subject to RNA-Seq analysis to demonstrate the potential utility of this procedure for investigations of gene expression.

Fat Body Organ Culture System in Aedes Aegypti, a Vector of Zika Virus

The fat body is the central metabolic organ in insects. We present a live organ culture system that enables the user to study the responses of isolated fat body tissue to various stimuli.

지방 기관 문화 시스템 Aedes Aegypti, Zika 바이러스 벡터에

The insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. Insect ...

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates (EAgaL Plates)

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness parameters, in particular egg production and hatch rates at the individual level, conventional methods have put a substantial burden on investigators due to high labor intensity and laboratory space requirements. Described is a simple method using 24 well tissue culture plate with agarose in each well and digital imaging of each well to determine egg numbers and hatch rates at an individual level with substantially reduced time and space requirements.

Improved Fecundity and Fertility Assay for Aedes aegypti using 24 Well Tissue Culture Plates EAgaL Plates

Described is a time and space-saving method to count eggs and determine hatch rates of individual mosquitoes using 24 well tissue culture plates, which can substantially increase the scale and speed of fecundity and fertility assays.

24 잘 조직 배양 플레이트를 사용하여 Aedes aegypti에 대한 개선 된 Fecundity 및 불임 분석 (EAgaL 플레이트)

Mosquitoes represent a significant public health problem as vectors of various pathogens. For those studies that require an assessment of mosquito fitness ...