Name: a syngeneic orthotopic osteosarcoma sprague dawley rat model with amputation to control metastasis rate
Uploaded: 2021-05-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate at JoVE.com

NIH funding through National Cancer Institute, grant # CA228582. Shun Ishiyama is currently receiving a grant from Toray Medical Co., Ltd.

All the procedures and experiments involving rats were performed according to protocols approved by Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use Committee.
1. The SD rat OS cell line UMR-106 cell culture protocol
<ol>
	<li>Grow cells in DMEM, supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, penicillin (10 U/mL)-streptomycin (10 U/mL) at 37 &#176;C in humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Perform experiments using cells with passages of 2-812.</li>
</ol>
2. Intratibial i...

<ol>
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J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parathyroid+hormone-responsive+adenylate+cyclase+in+induced+transplantable+osteogenic+rat+sarcoma.">Parathyroid hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase in induced transplantable osteogenic rat sarcoma.</a> Nature. 260 (5550), 436-438 (1976).</li><li>Fisher, J. L., Mackie, P. S., Howard, M. L., Zhou, H., Choong, P. 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Rats with OS tibial implants develop measurable tumors by 3 weeks post-implantation. If limbs with tumors are amputated 3 weeks post-implantation, the incidence of lung metastasis is reduced significantly. OSs are both osteolytic and osteoblastic. Rats without amputation develop lung metastases that are multiple and variably sized, observed by radiography or at necropsy by 7 weeks post-implantation.EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB4 are expressed in rat UMR106 OS, similar to human OS16,<sup class="...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children, adolescents, and young adults. The most recent advance in the treatment of OS occurred in the 1980s when multi-agent chemotherapy was shown to improve overall survival compared to surgery alone1. OS develops during rapid bone growth, typically occurring in long tubular bones such as femur, tibia, and humerus. They are characterized by an osteolytic, osteoblastic, or mixed appearance with notable periosteal reaction2. Chemotherapy and surgical resection can improve the outcome for patients with a 5-year survival for 65% of patients2,3. Unfortunately, high grade OS patients with metastatic disease have 20% survival. OS invades regionally and metastasizes primarily to the lungs or other bones and is more prevalent in males. The most compelling need for these young patients is a novel therapy that prevents and eliminates viability of distant metastases.
OS pre-clinical models have been reviewed4,5,6,7 and few available immunocompetent models using amputation of orthotopic OS have been developed. In 2000, an important model was developed using BALB/c mice with orthotopic syngeneic OS and amputation8. Compared to this mouse model, the rat model is based on genetically outbred and 10 times larger animals leading to some advantages. The rat UMR106 model was developed from a 32P induced OS in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat, which was derived into a cell line9. In 2001, orthotopic implantation of UMR106-01 was first described in implanted tibias of athymic mice with rapid, consistent primary tumor development and radiological, histologic features in common with OS in humans. Pulmonary metastases developed and were dependent on orthotopic placement of UMR106 into the bone microenvironment10. In 2009, Yu et al.11 established a reproducible orthotopic femur OS rat model using UMR106 cells in larger male SD rats. The successful tumor implantations and lung metastasis rate in rats without amputation were similar to the data presented here. In this study, an added amputation to the model using young rats was performed, which suggested that the timing of primary tumor removal is crucial in modeling OS, especially related to metastatic progression. With this refinement, amputation and in vivo imaging improve this model for pre-clinical studies for novel drug assessment for OS.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>AKT</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling TECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>4685S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>J214H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-actin</td>
			<td>SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>sc-47778</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;2-AR antibody</td>
			<td>SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>sc-569</td>
			<td>replaced by &#946;2-AR (E-3): sc-271322</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bis&#8211;Tris gels</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NP0321PK2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine SR Lab</td>
			<td>ZooPharm</td>
			<td>IZ-70000-201908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD3 antibody</td>
			<td>Dako</td>
			<td>#A0452</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD68 antibody</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>#14-0688-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemiluminescent substrate</td>
			<td>cytiva</td>
			<td>RPN2232</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CL-Xposure film</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>34089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Complete Anesthesia System</td>
			<td>EVETEQUIP</td>
			<td>922120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>diaminobenzidine</td>
			<td>VECTOR LABORATORIES</td>
			<td>SK-4100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Doxorubicin</td>
			<td>Actavis</td>
			<td>NDC 45963-733-60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGFR antibody</td>
			<td>SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>sc-03</td>
			<td>replaced by EGFR (A-10): sc-373746</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ERBB2 antibody</td>
			<td>SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>sc-284</td>
			<td>replaced by Neu (3B5): sc-33684</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ERBB4 antibody</td>
			<td>SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>sc-283</td>
			<td>replaced by ErbB4 (C-7): sc-8050</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ERK antibody</td>
			<td>SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY</td>
			<td>sc-514302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>eye lubricant</td>
			<td>PHARMADERM</td>
			<td>NDC 0462-0211-38</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringe (100 &#181;L)</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>Model 1710 SN SYR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibody</td>
			<td>cytiva</td>
			<td>NA934</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HRP polymer detection kit</td>
			<td>VECTOR LABORATORIES</td>
			<td>MP-7401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HRP polymer detection kit</td>
			<td>VECTOR LABORATORIES</td>
			<td>MP-7402</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane</td>
			<td>BUTLER SCHEIN</td>
			<td>NDC 11695-6776-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane vaporizer</td>
			<td>EVETEQUIP</td>
			<td>911103</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UMR-106 cell</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-1661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray</td>
			<td>Faxitron</td>
			<td>UltraFocus</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray processor</td>
			<td>Hope X-Ray Peoducts Inc</td>
			<td>MicroMax X-ray Processor</td>
			<td>Hope Processors are not available in USA anymore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>wound clips</td>
			<td>BECTON DICKINSON</td>
			<td>427631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a syngeneic orthotopic osteosarcoma sprague dawley rat model with amputation to control metastasis rate

The most recent advance in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) occurred in the 1980s when multi-agent chemotherapy was shown to improve overall survival compared to surgery alone. To address this problem, the aim of the study is to refine a lesser-known model of OS in rats with a comprehensive histologic, imaging, biologic, implantation, and amputation surgical approach that prolongs survival. We used an immunocompetent, outbred Sprague-Dawley (SD), syngeneic rat model with implanted UMR106 OS cell line (originating from a SD rat) with orthotopic tibial tumor implants into 3-week-old male and female rats to model pediatric OS. We found that rats develop reproducible primary and metastatic pulmonary tumors, and that limb amputations at 3 weeks post implantation significantly reduce the incidence of pulmonary metastasis and prevent unexpected deaths. Histologically, the primary and metastatic OSs in rats were very similar to human OS. Using immunohistochemistry methods, the study shows that rat OS are infiltrated with macrophages and T cells. A protein expression survey of OS cells reveals that these tumors express ErbB family kinases. Since these kinases are also highly expressed in most human OSs, this rat model could be used to test ErbB pathway inhibitors for therapy.

Immunocompetent SD outbred rats are used for these OS studies, which offers an animal model with an intact immune system. We have used the UMR106 cell line from ATCC, developed from cells that were initially isolated from an OS from a SD rat. We implanted the cells into SD rats, thus providing a syngeneic model for OS. UMR106 cells are implanted into the tibia of 3-week-old male and female SD rats, simulating a pediatric OS model. Moreover, the orthotopic implantation of UMR106 cells directly into the tibia metaphysis/di...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate at JoVE.com 

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate (Video) | JoVE 

Here, a syngeneic orthotopic implantation followed by an amputation procedure of the osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis that can be used for preclinical investigation of metastasis biology and development of novel therapeutics is described.

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate

The most recent advance in the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS) occurred in the 1980s when multi-agent chemotherapy was shown to improve overall survival ...

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