Name: three-dimensional collagen matrix scaffold implantation as a liver regeneration strategy
Uploaded: 2021-06-29T14:15:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy at JoVE.com

The authors wish to thank the personnel of the Laboratory Animal Facility of the Experimental Medicine Unit, Nurse Carolina Ba&#241;os G. for technical and surgical support, Marco E. Gudi&#241;o Z. for support in microphotographs, and Erick Apo for support in liver histology. The National Council supported this research for Science and Technology (CONACyT), grant number SALUD-2016-272579 and the PAPIIT-UNAM TA200515.

The present research was approved by the ethics committee of the School of Medicine (DI/115/2015) at the Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico (UNAM) and the ethics committee of the Hospital General de Mexico (CI/314/15). The institution fulfills all technical specifications for the production, care, and use of laboratory animals and is legally certified by national law (NOM-062-ZOO-1999). Male Wistar rats weighing 150-250 g (6-8 weeks old) were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Facility of the School of Me...

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Organ transplantation is the mainstay of treatment in patients with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. A few patients benefit from this procedure, making it necessary to provide therapeutic alternatives for patients on the waiting list. Tissue engineering is a promising strategy that employs scaffolds and cells with regenerative potential2,4,13. The removal of a portion of the liver is a critical step in this procedure because of the ...

The liver is one of the most important organs involved in maintaining homeostasis and protein production1. Unfortunately, liver disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. In advanced stages of liver damage, which include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure. However, due to the scarcity of donors and the low rate of successful transplants, new techniques in tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine (RM) have been developed2,3.
TE involves the use of stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors4 to promote the restoration of inflamed, fibrotic, and edematous organs and tissues1,5,6. The biomaterials used in scaffolds mimic the native ECM, providing the physical, chemical, and biological cues for guided cellular remodeling7. Collagen is one of the most abundant proteins obtained from the dermis, tendon, intestine, and pericardium8,9. Furthermore, collagen can be obtained as a biopolymer to produce two- and three-dimensional scaffolds through bioprinting or electrospinning10,11. This group is the first to report the use of collagen from a bone source for the regeneration of liver tissue. Another study reports the use of scaffolds synthesized from bovine collagen, which was obtained from skin, with homogeneous and closely situated pores, without any communication between them12.
Decellularization preserves the native ECM, allowing the subsequent incorporation of cells with stem cell potential13,14. However, this procedure is still in the experimental phase in the liver, heart, kidney, small intestine, and urinary bladder from mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, sheep, cattle, and horses3,14. Currently, the resected liver mass volume is not replaced in any of the animal hepatectomy models. However, the use of additional support or network (biomaterials) that enables cell proliferation and angiogenesis could be essential for the prompt restoration of liver parenchymal functions. Thus, scaffolds could be employed as alternative approaches to regenerate or repair tissue in chronic liver diseases, in turn, eliminating limitations due to donation and the clinical complications of liver transplantation.

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			<td>Anionic detergent</td>
			<td>Alconox</td>
			<td>Z273228</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy cassettes</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>3802453</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera DMX</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>DXM1200F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chlorhexidine gluconate 4%</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>372412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glasses 25 mm x 40 mm</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>2980-224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>200-M</td>
			<td>CAS 17372-87-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol, pure</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>459836</td>
			<td>CAS 64-17-5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flunixine meglumide</td>
			<td>MSD</td>
			<td>Q-0273-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slides 75 mm x 25 mm</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>101081022</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>H9627</td>
			<td>CAS 571-28-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid 37%</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>339253</td>
			<td>CAS 7647-01-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Pisa agropecuaria</td>
			<td>Q-7833-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light microscopy</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Microphoto-FXA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtainer yellow cape</td>
			<td>Beckton Dickinson</td>
			<td>365967</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>RM2125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model animal: Wistar rats</td>
			<td>Universidad Nacional Aut&#243;noma de M&#233;xico</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon 3-0 (Dermalon)</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>1750-41</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene 7-0</td>
			<td>Atramat</td>
			<td>SE867/2-60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine10% cutaneous solution</td>
			<td>Diafra SA de CV</td>
			<td>1.37E+86</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scaning electronic microscopy</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>DSM-950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide, pellets</td>
			<td>J. T. Baker</td>
			<td>3722-01</td>
			<td>CAS 1310-73-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software ACT-1</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Ver 2.70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereoscopy macroscopy</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>EZ4Stereo 8X-35X</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterrad 100S</td>
			<td>Johnson and Johnson</td>
			<td>99970</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgipath paraplast</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>39601006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Synringe of 1 mL with needle (27G x 13 mm)</td>
			<td>SensiMedical</td>
			<td>LAN-078-077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Processor (Histokinette)</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>TP1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek TEC 5 (Tissue embedder)</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek USA</td>
			<td>5229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trichrome stain kit</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>HT15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unicell DxC600 Analyzer</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>BC 200-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Pisa agropecuaria</td>
			<td>Q-7833-099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>534056</td>
			<td>CAS 1330-20-7</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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three-dimensional collagen matrix scaffold implantation as a liver regeneration strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Bone demineralization affects the mechanical properties of CMS without altering the original shape or interconnection of its pores. CMS can have any shape, and therefore, can be adjusted to the size and shape of the selected organ or tissue19. In the present protocol, we used a triangular CMS (Figure 1A-D). A rat model was used to evaluate the regenerative capacity of the CMS xenoimplant in the liver. Although the liv...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

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