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本文内容

  • 摘要
  • 摘要
  • 引言
  • 研究方案
  • 结果
  • 讨论
  • 披露声明
  • 致谢
  • 材料
  • 参考文献
  • 转载和许可

摘要

该方案提出了治疗支气管哮喘患者的艾灸治疗程序。

摘要

支气管哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病,由于气道反应性增加,可导致反复喘息、呼吸急促、胸闷或咳嗽等症状。由于昼夜变化很大,这些症状经常在夜间或早晨发生或加重。艾灸是将中药在人体穴位上方焚烧烘烤,通过药物和热刺激来刺激人体经络活动,以预防和治疗疾病的一种治疗方法。根据中医辨证治的原理,在相应部位选穴位,效果一定。它被认为是支气管哮喘的特色中医治疗方法。该方案详细阐述了患者管理、材料准备、穴位选择、手术和术后护理的方法和步骤,以确保安全有效的艾灸治疗,以显着改善支气管哮喘患者的临床症状和生活质量。

引言

这里介绍的方案展示了艾灸在患者管理、材料准备、穴位选择、手术和术后护理方面治疗支气管哮喘的操作。该方案的目的是控制支气管哮喘患者的症状,并通过艾灸改善肺功能。

针灸是中医的重要组成部分。在支气管哮喘方面,针灸治疗积累了丰富的临床经验,尤其是艾灸更显示出独特的优势1,2,3,4。现代研究表明,温暖促进艾灸的生物学机制作用如下:艾灸激活穴位(局部启动),促进气血运动,调节神经内分泌免疫网络(调节通路),调节内脏功能(效应器官的反应)5,6,7

支气管哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症性疾病,由于气道反应性增加,可导致反复喘息、呼吸急促、胸闷或咳嗽等症状。这些症状经常在夜间或早晨发生或加重8.支气管哮喘是世界上最常见的慢性肺部疾病之一,影响所有年龄段的人9.近年来,我国支气管哮喘的患病率逐年上升。最新的流行病学调查显示,20岁以上成年人哮喘的患病率为4.2%10。该病会导致气道重塑和高反应性,严重影响晚期患者的肺功能。目前,支气管哮喘的主要临床治疗方法是抗炎、解痉和对症治疗。然而,高复发率和顽固性概述了主要缺点,更不用说长期药物疗效差和缺乏理想的治疗方案了。与单纯吸入药物相比,艾灸可增强体液和细胞免疫,在治疗过程中具有显著的免疫调节作用11,12,13。通过将中药在人体穴位上方燃烧和烘烤,艾灸是一种通过药物和热刺激起作用的治疗方法。它具有温热经络祛寒、促进气循环祛除经络、祛停活络络等功效。它被认为是支气管哮喘的中医特色疗法14.

研究方案

该临床试验已获得成都中医药大学附属医院呼吸科审批委员会批准(No.KY2022022)。本研究支气管哮喘的诊断标准参考《支气管哮喘防治指南(2020年版)》8 ,中医药操作参考《中医疾病和证候诊断及治疗效果标准》15。典型病例为成都中医药大学附属医院呼吸科收治的确诊支气管哮喘患者。已获得患者的知情同意。可以获得协议中使用的所有材料来源(参见 材料表)。

1、材料准备

  1. 艾灸棒:请确保以下物品可用:
    -艾条(由艾条制成,规格如下:长200毫米,直径18毫米[材料表])。
    -点火装置(打火机[材料表])
    -手术弧形板(长 200 毫米,宽 125 毫米 [材料表])与水
    -纱布 (最小规格: 80 毫米 x 80 毫米-8P [材料表])
    -镊子(所有无菌的医用镊子都是可以接受的,也是不必要的。无特殊要求[材料表])
    注意: 点火装置包括火柴、酒精灯和打火机,根据医疗生产标准,操作时可以选择其中任何一种。点火装置使用后会根据其说明书及时熄灭火焰。用水泡的手术弧形板是用来扑灭艾条火,燃烧后的灰烬清理干净。
  2. 收集步骤1.1中提到的所有材料,并将它们放入医疗推车中,以便在手术室使用(图1)。

2. 患者评估

  1. 纳入标准
    1. 包括根据诊断标准诊断为支气管哮喘的患者8.
      注意:与患者充分沟通,告知他们手术带来的风险。让患者签署知情同意书。艾灸对怕艾灸者应慎用。要手术的皮肤区域应该是完整的。
  2. 排除标准
    1. 排除孕妇、儿童和其他不应进行手术的特殊人群。
    2. 排除对 argyi、酒精和其他物质过敏的人。
      注:患者评估的目的是判断患者是否处于适合进行艾灸手术的状态。

3.术前准备

  1. 清洁皮肤区域
    1. 手术前一天,用清水清洁手术部位所在的皮肤区域两到三次,以确保去除表面污染物。清洁范围的半径应大于 10 厘米。清洁后保持皮肤干燥。
    2. 如果条件允许,洗澡并清洁皮肤。确保水温对患者来说是舒适的。
  2. 选好点后,用碘伏棉签从内到外对皮肤进行两三次消毒,以穴位为中心。灭菌皮肤的面积不应小于 5 厘米 x 5 厘米。
  3. 操作前,操作人员必须按照《医护人员手部卫生规范》16用肥皂水清洁双手。

四、操作程序

  1. 身体体位选择:选择此手术的仰卧位或俯卧位。
    注意: 应根据穴位的位置正确选择身体位置,以充分暴露穴位。
  2. 穴位选择
    1. 根据经络和穴位17 (2016年版,中医药出版社出版)定位以下穴位:定川(EX-B1)、飞书(BL13)、中复(LU1)。
    2. 将EX-B1定位在颈背后部,位于第七颈椎0.5 F-cun18 棘突下缘中点的两侧(图2)。
    3. 将BL13定位在第三胸椎1.5 F-cun棘突下缘中点的两侧(图3)。
    4. 在胸部找到LU1,平行于第一肋骨间隙,位于前正中线6 F-cun的两侧(图4)。
      注意:取患者拇指指间关节的宽度为1 F-cun(图5)。
  3. 点燃艾灸棒
    1. 握住艾条的中上部 1/3,用打火机点燃。
      注意: 周围环境中不允许有其他易燃物。
  4. 艾灸方法的选择
    1. 轻度艾灸
      1. 握住艾条的中上1/3,将点亮的一端对准穴位上方,距离皮肤2-3厘米,并在操作过程中保持距离恒定(图6)。
      2. 使手术体位显得温暖,局部皮肤潮红,但无灼痛。每个穴位保持艾灸10-15分钟;穴位的皮肤温度保持在40-45°C,用便携式红外测温仪测量。
        注意:选择的程度应使患者感到温暖并且皮肤略带红色。
    2. 麻雀啄艾灸
      1. 握住艾条的中上部 1/3,将点燃的一端对准穴位上方,距离皮肤 2-3 厘米。
      2. 通过上下移动艾条的燃烧端,垂直于穴位上方的皮肤(如鸟啄食),并保持相同的上下运动(图7)。
      3. 使手术体位显得温暖,局部皮肤潮红,但无灼痛。每个穴位保持艾灸10-15分钟;穴位的皮肤温度保持在40-45°C,用便携式红外测温仪测量。
    3. 错综复杂的艾灸
      1. 握住艾条的中上部 1/3,将点燃的一端对准穴位上方,距离皮肤 2-3 厘米。
      2. 通过反复旋转(如画圆圈)来施灸;以穴位为中心画一个半径为2.5厘米的圆(图8)。
      3. 使手术体位显得温暖,局部皮肤潮红,但无灼痛。每个穴位保持艾灸10-15分钟;穴位的皮肤温度保持在40-45°C,用便携式红外测温仪测量。
        1. 在操作过程中感应温度。如果患者感到温暖和舒适,请保持距离不变。如果患者有烧灼感,请增加艾条与皮肤之间的距离。
        2. 如果患者局部皮肤感觉减弱,将食指和中指分开,放在穴位两侧感受温度,根据情况调整艾灸的时间和距离,避免烫伤。
  5. 灭火并清理灰烬。
    1. 手术后,将艾条的点燃部分放入装满水的弧形板中,以扑灭艾灸火。用镊子去除大灰烬,然后用纱布轻轻擦拭残留的污渍。
      注意:小水泡会自然被吸收。如果水疱很大,可以用注射器或针头刺破,然后涂抹抗生素软膏。
  6. 术后护理
    1. 使用镊子去除大块灰烬并清洁局部皮肤区域。然后,用纱布轻轻擦拭残留的污渍。
    2. 手术后半小时内请勿触摸或饮用冷水。注意保持手术区域温暖。如果患者感到不适,请及时寻求医疗建议。

5. 统计分析

  1. 将连续变量表示为平均值±标准差 (SD)。使用配对 t 检验来比较治疗前后的差异。
    注:本研究变量不涉及分类变量。所有统计检验均为双侧检验, p < 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。所有分析均使用统计软件进行。

结果

8例符合标准的支气管哮喘患者接受艾灸治疗。所有患者支气管哮喘的诊断标准相同,艾灸治疗前后患者的肺功能FEV1比值、PEF比值(实际/预期百分比)和哮喘控制试验(ACT)评分均采用相同的方法进行测量。1个疗程后,所有患者肺功能FEV1比值、PEF比值、ACT评分均有所改善。治疗前肺功能FEV1比值为68.23%±4.35%,PEF比值为65.91%±4.34%,ACT评分为16.13±2.30分。治疗后肺功能FEV1比值为77.33%±5.53%,PEF比值为7...

讨论

支气管哮喘引起的气道炎症是一种级联免疫反应,涉及各种免疫细胞、细胞因子和炎症介质19。哮喘患者的支气管活检显示存在嗜酸性粒细胞、活化的肥大细胞和基于 Th2 细胞的 T 细胞浸润20。肺功能指标FEV1和PEF反映了气道阻塞的严重程度,是客观判断和评价哮喘病情最常用的指标8。支气管哮喘的西医治疗方法是糖皮质激素、β2受体激动剂、?...

披露声明

作者报告没有利益冲突。

致谢

感谢成都中医药大学附属医院科技发展基金项目(第20ZL10号)的财政支持。作者要感谢杨洋先生作为模特参与我们的研究。

材料

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
ForcepsShandong Weigao Group MEDICAL Polymer Co., Ltd.Shandong Medical Device Registration Certificate: No.20182640148
GauzeShandong Angyang Medical Co.,LtdShandong Medical Device Registration Certificate: No.20152140569
LighterNingbo Qiant Technology Co., LtdChaofan-CF-1
Moxa StickNanjing Tongrentang Lejialaopu Health Technology Co., Ltd10028859806337
Surgical Curved PlateYuekang Hardware Medical Instrument Factory, Caitang Town, Chao'an District, Chaozhou CityMedium Size

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