An Ex Vivo Model of Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis Using Human Omentum

Summary

This protocol describes the establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo model of cancer cell-omentum interaction. The model provides a platform for elucidating pro-tumor mechanisms within the adipose niche and for testing novel therapies.

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. The omentum plays a key role in providing a supportive microenvironment to metastatic ovarian cancer cells as well as immune modulatory signals that allow tumor tolerance. However, we have limited models that closely mimic the interaction between ovarian cancer cells and adipose-rich tissues. To further understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the omentum provides a pro-tumoral microenvironment, we developed a unique 3D ex vivo model of cancer cell-omentum interaction. Using human omentum, we are able to grow ovarian cancer cells within this adipose-rich microenvironment and monitor the factors responsible for tumor growth and immune regulation. In addition to providing a platform for the study of this adipose-rich tumor microenvironment, the model provides an excellent platform for the development and evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches to target metastatic cancer cells in this niche. The proposed model is easy to generate, inexpensive, and applicable to translational investigations.

Introduction

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy worldwide¹. The lifetime risk of developing this cancer is approximately 1 in 70, with the median age of diagnosis at 63 years old². Primary ovarian malignancies are classified histologically as either epithelial or non-epithelial. Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC) represent over 90% of tumors, and the most common subtype is high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), which accounts for approximately 70%-80% of EOCs. Currently, there are no effective screening methods to detect disease early. So most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage (i.e., Fédération Inte....

Protocol

The following research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Wayne State University Institutional Review Board (IRB). Informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to surgery. Figure 1 illustrates the three general steps in this protocol.

1. Preparation of human omentum tissue

1. Prepare omentum culture media (DMEM/F12 + 10% fetal bovine serum + 1% penicillin-streptomycin) and store at 4 °C. Aliquot 30-40 mL of this media.......

Discussion

Using this protocol, a preclinical model of peritoneal carcinomatosis for ovarian cancer was developed using a combination of basic in vitro and ex vivo techniques. A progressive tumor growth was observed across 50 days of co-culture after seeding omentum specimens with mCherry+ OCSC1-F2 human ovarian cancer cells. This method was developed and optimized across several experimental trials using different omentum specimens. Successful tumor growth depended on the quality of omentum, viability of cancer c.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (1x)	Gibco	25300054
1 mL Insulin Syringe with 26 G detachable needle	BD	329652
10 mL Serological Pipets	CELLTREAT	229010B
100 mm Tissue Culture Dish	Fisherbrand	FB012924
15 mL Centrifuge Tube	CELLTREAT	229411
24 Well Cell Culture Plate	Costar	3524
50 mL Centrifuge Tube	CELLTREAT	229421
75 cm2 Tissue Culture Flask	CELLTREAT	229341
Corning Cell Counter	Corning	9819000
Cytation 5 imager	Biotek
DMEM/F12 (1:1) (1x), +L-Glutamine, +2.438 g/L Sodium Bicarbonate	Gibco	11320033
Fetal Bovine Serum, Qualified	Gibco	1043028
Matrigel	Corning	356230	Basement membrane matrix
No. 10 Stainless Steel Disposable Scalpel	Integra-Miltex	4410
Penicillin Streptomycin	Gibco	15140122
Phosphate Buffered Saline, pH 7.4 (1x)	Gibco	10010023
Revolve microscope	Echo