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Method Article
* 这些作者具有相同的贡献
提出了一种针对心因性勃起功能障碍引起的未完婚 (UCM) 的综合治疗模式,提供从评估到干预的简化管理。强调以患者为中心的护理和沟通,初步结果表明成功率和满意度有所提高,支持其从男性角度解决 UCM 不孕症的有效性。
勃起功能障碍 (ED) 相关的未完满和不孕症的常规管理往往忽视心理社会决定因素和二元参与,导致次优的治疗结果,包括持续的性功能障碍和夫妻满意度降低。本研究提出并验证了一种新颖的、以患者为中心的干预措施,专为患有心因性 ED (pED) 的年轻人量身定制,旨在促进勃起恢复和不孕症消退。“简化的临床流程”为患者及其伴侣纳入了结构化的治疗策略,包括循证性健康教育、心理支持、伴侣包容性咨询、感官聚焦训练、生活方式改变、按需药物治疗和结构化随访。在全面的基线评估(病史、体格检查和诊断)之后,治疗团队在合作伙伴的积极参与下,共同制定个体化的 16 周方案。该协议的三个关键创新与众不同:(1) 实施 GLTC(Goodwill-Listening-Talking-Cooperation)沟通框架,解决患者的心理需求并促进有效的沟通策略;(2) 应用 Hawton 的性心理分层来识别特定的心理因素,目的是重塑消极的性信念,缓解焦虑,改善性功能,重建伴侣之间的相互信任和情感联系;(3) 开发易于理解的心理教育视频,通过迭代患者与提供者对话提高治疗依从性。结果表明,勃起功能恢复率、成功频率和夫妻满意度有临床意义的改善。值得注意的挑战包括患者对治疗计划的依从性和非药物干预的及时有效性。总之,该模型为解决年轻患者与性功能障碍相关的不孕症提供了一种可扩展且有效的策略,为性医学的临床实践和未来研究提供了有价值的框架。
勃起功能障碍 (ED) 定义为持续无法达到或维持足以满足性表现的勃起,主要与心理因素有关——称为心因性勃起功能障碍 (pED)——占病例的 85%-90% 1,2。虽然 ED 可能由血管疾病、激素失调或神经功能障碍引起,但 pED 的特征是没有明显的器质性异常。相反,其病因涉及焦虑、抑郁障碍、慢性压力或不良性经历等因素,这些因素会干扰勃起功能所需的神经血管机制。
值得注意的是,pED 不成比例地影响 40 岁以下的个体3,由于社会心理压力源,这一人群的焦虑水平会升高。一部分患者从结婚或同居时开始出现持续性功能障碍,临床上称为未完婚 (UCM) 或“蜜月期 ED”4,5。男性门诊 UCM 的患病率为 4%-17%,其变异性受文化规范(例如,对婚前性健康教育的污名化)、诊断异质性、医疗保健可及性限制和队列选择偏倚的影响。
74.4% 的 UCM 病例存在焦虑症,其中 pED 被确定为受影响男性的主要病因 6,7。同居后不孕症影响 65% 的 UCM 夫妇。不孕症咨询通常是在家庭期望(例如,代际对后代的渴望)和社会耻辱感(例如,围绕男性性健康的文化禁忌)的压力下进行的。正如 2019 年国际性医学学会联席会议8 所报告的那样,这些社会文化动态导致了延迟的寻求治疗行为,这是由于对社会评判的恐惧和与不符合规范性别角色相关的内化压力所驱动的。
在临床实践中,pED 患者在咨询期间经常出现表现焦虑或对失败的恐惧。然而,这些担忧通常仅归因于身体原因,对潜在心理触发因素的探索很少。例如,一种常见的临床情况是开具磷酸二酯酶-5 (PDE5) 抑制剂,而不评估社会心理合并症,例如关系不和谐或性创伤史。这可能是由于泌尿科医生和男科医生在评估与 ED9 相关的关键心理因素方面传统上缺乏意识、知识和培训。此外,各地区的文化和经济差异为解决这些问题带来了额外的挑战10。主要障碍包括:长时间的患者沟通要求使沟通技巧有限的医生不堪重负,缺乏对患者的性健康和心理教育,再加上缺乏适当的计费代码来反映医生的努力;以及缺乏协作的社会心理治疗团队或咨询服务。
通常,患者从主要关注男性因素的泌尿科或男科诊所寻求治疗,而不是将夫妻作为一个整体。因此,治疗通常狭隘地集中在症状管理上——具体来说,使用 PDE5 抑制剂来提高勃起硬度并提高成功率11。虽然这种方法被证明对某些人有效,但对许多人来说还不够,因为它忽视了对 pED 患者至关重要的心理和关系因素。这些被忽视的方面包括管理表现焦虑、改善伴侣之间的流以及解决反复性失败的情感影响。
更全面的方法对于长期治疗成功至关重要。随着咨询夫妇数量的增加,传统方法的局限性变得越来越明显。当患者停止使用 PDE5 抑制剂时,经常会出现问题,导致多次未能完成婚姻和对治疗计划的不信任。此外,未解决的男性自卑问题会导致新的心理困难12,13,包括依赖药物进行性行为。最终,这些方法无法解决这对夫妇面临的自然受孕挑战,并可能引发更复杂的问题。这些包括情绪困扰,例如反复治疗失败导致的抑郁和焦虑、婚姻压力、家庭冲突、生育孩子的社会压力以及对不孕症的污名化。
这些挑战需要在临床框架内重新评估精神病理学维度。Hawton 的病因学分类将促发因素分为易感因素、诱发因素和常存因素14,15,这些因素经常表现出共病16。在这些因素的影响下,患者经常会出现情绪不稳定,例如焦虑和紧张的人际关系。他们的情绪对沟通方式高度敏感。医生的沟通方式在治疗过程中获得患者的合作和信任起着至关重要的作用。同样,旨在促进医疗合作的有效患者性教育和心理咨询在很大程度上取决于医疗保健提供者的沟通技巧。情感失调 - 表现为焦虑症和人际冲突 - 通常在这些心理动力学影响下出现。至关重要的是,患者的情绪状态极易受到临床医生沟通方式的影响,这种沟通方式从根本上影响治疗联盟的形成和对治疗的依从性。这种相互依存关系也影响了性心理教育和医疗合作的有效性,这两者都依赖于医疗保健专业人员的沟通能力。
GLTC(Goodwill-Listening-Talking-Cooperation)框架通过系统地整合生物医学协议和人文参与,展示了强大的文化适应性17,18。该框架强调提高医生的倾听技巧和增强口头交流技巧。通过认真倾听患者并提供及时的反馈,医生可以更好地了解患者需求并建立信任。此外,使用友好的肢体语言、温暖的口头表达和鼓励对话有助于培养患者信任,从而改善医患关系并提高护理质量 18,19,20。
这种方法在治疗心因性功能障碍患者时尤为重要。建议将 GLTC 通信框架整合到整个治疗过程中,并根据个体患者的差异制定实施计划17,21。这在男科治疗的背景下尤其相关。为了解决因心因性 ED 而经历不孕症的年轻夫妇面临的临床挑战,已经开发了一种诊断和治疗模型,该模型将 Hawton 分类方法15 与 GLTC 通信框架相结合,产生了显着的结果。
以下描述的所有程序均由广州医科大学附属番禺中心医院机构审查委员会审查和批准,试验注册号 ChiCTR1800019279。在 2020 年 6 月开始的初步咨询中,参与者在接受对治疗目的、程序和数据处理方案的全面解释后提供了知情同意。确保所有信息都将保密,并仅用于研究目的。涉及性健康教育和个人历史的讨论是私下进行的,并且非常敏感。所有互动都以尊重的方式进行,并维护了每个参与者的尊严。删除个人标识符,并分配唯一代码以匿名化参与者数据,这些数据安全地存储在加密、受密码保护的系统和上锁的机柜中,以防止身份链接和未经授权的访问。所用试剂和设备的详细信息列在 材料表中。
1. 患者选择
2. 男科区域的布局
3. GLTC 框架的实施
4. 治疗程序
5. 数据收集
6. 方案验证和治疗效果评估
共有 64 名患者及其伴侣被纳入研究。其中,22 对夫妇 (32.2%) 在初步评估后停止治疗。治疗中断的主要原因是影响双方的时间限制、与旅行距离相关的困难以及对替代疗法(如中医)的偏好。其他影响因素可能包括心理障碍,例如尴尬或耻辱感、缺乏即时治疗效果以及支持系统不足。其余 42 对 (67.8%) 完成了完整的治疗方案,并接受了随访至第 16 周。根据自?...
在不明原因的夫妻错配 (UCM) 病例中,原发性勃起功能障碍 (pED) 被认为是男性的主要病因。它的特征是认知行为结构,例如表现焦虑、自我效能缺陷和性回避模式,如 Hawton 的性心理三轴分类33,34 所描述。目前的证据表明,单一疗法方法的长期疗效有限35。当代指南提出了用于管理勃起功能障碍 (ED) 患?...
作者没有需要披露的利益冲突。
这项工作得到了广东省教育厅广东省全科医学院临床教学基地教学改革研究项目的资助,资助号为 2023-32-190,中央高校基本研究金,中山大学,资助号为 2024008,以及附属番禺中心医院 2023 年教学改进计划, 广州医科大学.
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Anatomical Illustrations of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems | Rui'an Shengxiao Plastic Products, China | L08 | llustrations for educational purposes. |
Anatomical Model of Female Reproductive System | Rui'an Shengxiao Plastic Products, China | A200 | Detailed anatomical model for educational purposes. |
Anatomical Model of Male Reproductive System | Rui'an Shengxiao Plastic Products, China | A100 | Detailed anatomical model for educational purposes. |
Andrology Consulting Rooms | N/A | N/A | Two dedicated andrology consulting rooms designed for comprehensive doctor-patient and partner communication. See Figure 1B. |
Andrology Consulting Rooms | N/A | N/A | Used for doctor-patient/partner communication, each doctor trained in GLTC communication skills. |
Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation (AVSS) / Penile Erection Rigidity Testing Room | N/A | N/A | This specialized room is equipped for audiovisual sexual stimulation (AVSS) and penile erection rigidity testing. It provides a controlled environment for evaluating erectile function. See Figure 1B. |
Checklist of Psychological factors associated with erectile dysfunction Modified from Hawton classification, conducted in interview. | N/A | N/A | Supplemental Table S3. |
Clinic Area | N/A | N/A | This are is the core of the clinic, featuring multiple consultation and examination rooms for various diagnostic and treatment activities. The layout with seven independent Rooms is carefully designed to ensure efficient workflows and privacy. See Figure 1A. |
Data collecting table | N/A | N/A | The header columns in the table display the necessary information or evaluation criteria to be collected during the diagnosis and treatment process.See Data available.xls. |
Doctor-Patient Communication (2nd Edition) | People's Medical Publishing House, China | ISBN 978-7-117-26404-4 | GLTC communication skills Training Materials. |
Educational Room | N/A | N/A | Educational room is a resource-rich environment, stocked with a variety of health education materials designed to cater to the diverse needs of our patients sexual and psychological health. It features anatomical models of male and female reproductive organs and penis erection hardness models and includes educational Videos. Educational Videos provide visual and auditory learning experiences, making complex medical concepts more accessible. These videos cover a range of topics, including preventive health measures, treatment options, and lifestyle modifications. This room serves as an educational hub, allowing patients and their partners to gain a deeper understanding of reproductive health through hands-on learning and reading materials. See Figure 1B. |
Form of characteristics for distinguishing psychologic from organic sexual dysfunction, conducted in interview. | N/A | N/A | Supplemental Table S2. |
Form of the Erection Hardness Score (EHS) | N/A | N/A | Supplemental Table S4. |
Form-Filling Area | N/A | N/A | Equipped with desks, chairs, pens, and all required forms and materials to ensure that patients can easily complete their necessary medical information and questionnaires. Electronic form can be another option. See Figure 1A. |
Functional zoning of the Andrology Clinic area | N/A | N/A | Including Waiting Area, Form-Filling Area and Clinic Area. This functional zoning not only maximizes the use of limited space but also ensures a rational and efficient diagnostic process. Through scientific layout and zoning, we can provide a better service experience for patients while improving the quality and efficiency of our medical services. See Figure 1A. |
Health Consultation Room | N/A | N/A | Used for nurse-patient/partner communication, each nurse trained in GLTC communication skills, ensuring that patients receive well-rounded care and support. See Figure 1B. |
Layout of the seven independent Rooms | N/A | N/A | The clinic area recommended comprises seven independent rooms, each tailored to specific aspects of patient care and education. See Figure 1B-1C. |
Penis Erection Hardness Models | Pfizer Inc. | EHM-001 | The Erection Hardness Model by Pfizer Inc. is a comprehensive educational tool designed to help healthcare professionals assess and discuss erectile function with patients. The model illustrates various levels of erection hardness, providing a clear and practical reference for both diagnosis and patient education. This tool aids in improving communication and understanding between doctors and patients regarding erectile health. |
RigiScan | Gotop Medica, US | Plus | RigiScan Plus is a product of Gesiva Medical, which specializes in medical devices for diagnosing and assessing erectile dysfunction. |
Sensate Focus video | MFP Power Supply Company | Sensate Focus video room featuring videos from the “SEX, A Life Long Pleasure”, produced by MFP Power Supply Company, presented by Belgian and American sexologists and psychologists. | |
Sensate Focus Video Room | N/A | N/A | This room is dedicated to Sensate Focus training, featuring instructional videos from the series "SEX, A Life Long Pleasure," produced by MFP Power Supply Company. The videos are presented by renowned Belgian and American sexologists and psychologists, providing patients and their partners with expert guidance on maintaining a healthy sexual life. See Figure 1B. |
Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) questions 2, 3 | N/A | N/A | Supplemental Table S6. |
Sildenafil citrate tablet | Pfizer Inc. | Film coated, 5x100mg/capsule | For patients with Erectile Dysfunction when necessary. |
Simulated Family Room | N/A | N/A | The simulated family room is used exclusively to demonstrate to patients and their partners with normal dresses how to practice each step of Sensate Focus at home. This realistic setting helps couples learn and rehearse the techniques in a familiar environment, enhancing the effectiveness of their home practice. See Figure 1B. |
The International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire | N/A | N/A | Table S1. |
The Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W) | N/A | N/A | Supplemental Table S5. |
Waiting Area | N/A | N/A | Equipped with comfortable seating, reading materials, and health education videos to help patients understand more about their health and the diagnostic process during their wait. See Figure 1A. |
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