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Method Article
* These authors contributed equally
Minimally invasive anatomic liver resection (MIALR) involving Glissonean pedicle ligation for the right posterior hepatic lobe may cause tumor rupture, hemorrhage, and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study proposes a novel surgical approach, peripheral subtractive dissection of the Glissonean pedicle (PSDGP), aimed at mitigating these risks.
Minimally invasive anatomic liver resection (MIALR) has recently garnered significant attention and has rapidly advanced in the field of hepatobiliary surgery. In particular, the dissection of the Glissonean pedicle, such as in Atsushi Sugioka's Gate Theory, represents a fundamental operative technique within MIALR. This technique is based on the anatomical structure of the Laennec capsule, thereby promoting and implementing MIALR in a scientifically rigorous manner. However, potential risks such as hemorrhage, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and tumor rupture may arise during MIALR in clinical practice, particularly when it is applied to tumors located in the right posterior hepatic lobe near the bifurcation of the Glissonean pedicles (excluding hilar cholangiocarcinoma). To address these challenges, this study introduces a unique surgical approach, termed peripheral subtractive dissection of the Glissonean pedicle (PSDGP), designed to mitigate these potential complications. During the PSDGP procedure in MIALR for liver tumors, the cystic plate approach is utilized to facilitate extrahepatic dissection. Initially, a non-absorbable suture is threaded from Gate VI to Gate IV under the guidance of non-traumatic forceps (or similar instruments). Subsequently, the non-traumatic forceps are passed through Gate V again to retrieve the non-absorbable suture from Gate IV. Finally, both Gate V and Gate VI are used to achieve the separation of the right posterior Glissonean pedicle. This method may improve surgical success rates and yield better oncological outcomes due to its strict adherence to the no-touch and en-bloc principles of tumor resection.
Laparoscopic hepatic surgery has been continuously explored and developed for more than three decades, evolving from sporadic liver resections to precise minimally invasive anatomic liver resection (MIALR). It has become a prominent area within hepatobiliary surgery, gaining considerable attention in recent years1,2,3,4,5. This technique offers several advantages, including enhanced visualization and magnification of the surgical field, enabling precise surgical operations. Accurate understanding and refinement of the Glissonean pedicles approach are fundamental skills in MIALR, ensuring safety, efficiency, and accuracy3,4,5. Atsushi Sugioka's Gate Theory, based on the anatomical structure of the Laennec capsule, provides a well-established solution that has gained wide recognition6,7(Figure 1A,B). It also describes the surgical procedure for MIALR, which includes the initial isolation and ligation of the Glissonean pedicle corresponding to the hepatic lobe, followed by the resection of the lobe.
In clinical practice, conventional hepatectomy of the right posterior liver lobe is typically performed by dissecting and ligating the right posterior Glissonean pedicle in the Rouviere's groove or by directly accessing Gate V and Gate VI through the porta7,8. However, surgery limitations, diminished tactile sensitivity, reduced global visual control ability, and anatomical variations may cause intraoperative confusion in anatomical orientation for tumors located near the bifurcation of the Glissonean pedicle in the liver (excluding hilar cholangiocarcinoma). These challenges may lead to inadvertent damage to variant blood vessels of the posterior portal vein, subsequent bleeding, and rupture of the tumor capsule5,9,10,11. Furthermore, conventional hepatectomy of the right posterior liver lobe, or occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament or right Glissonean pedicle, is often necessary to minimize intraoperative bleeding2,3. However, this occlusion not only induces ischemia on the tumor-bearing side of the liver but also affects the normal side, exacerbating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)1,12.
Takasaki et al. previously described the extrahepatic isolation of the posterior sectional pedicle using the subtraction method7,8, while Sugioka and Kato described subtraction techniques for the extrahepatic isolation of peripheral segmental pedicles13. These applications align with liver resection in the context of peripheral subtractive dissection of the Glissonean pedicle (PSDGP), with the primary objective of mitigating pedicle injury or tumor rupture during direct pedicle isolation. Therefore, this study proposes the use of PSDGP technology for specific tumor types located near the bifurcation of the Glissonean pedicle in the liver (excluding hilar cholangiocarcinoma). The primary objective is to mitigate bleeding risk during the separation of the right posterior hepatic pedicle and prevent rupture of the tumor capsule, while concurrently reducing IRI in the residual liver.
1. Patient selection
2. Surgical procedure
3. Pedicle management
4. Post-operative patient care and monitoring
The surgery was completed in 176 min, with minimal intraoperative bleeding of 50 mL and no need for a blood transfusion. The right Glissonean pedicle was occluded twice, with the first occlusion lasting 15 min and the second lasting 20 min. The hepatoduodenal ligament was not occluded during the procedure, and an adequate blood supply to the left liver was maintained while preserving the right hepatic vein (Figure 4C). No short-term complications occurred, and the patient's post-operativ...
The extracorporeal dissection method of the Glissonean pedicles is safe, effective, and expedient, making it a fundamental technique for MIALR2,3,7,13. The Glissonean pedicles and their branches provide blood supply to the hepatic lobes and facilitate bile outflow. Safe and efficient dissection of the Glissonean pedicles during surgery is essential for the successful implementation of MIALR.
The authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
The study was financially supported by the Sichuan Medical Science and Technology Innovation Research Association (Project Code: YCH-KY-YCZD2024-075)
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Electrocantery | Hangzhou Kangji Medical Instrument Co., Ltd | KJ-SJ0205 | Sterile,dry heat sterilized, reusable |
Gold finger | Hangzhou Kangji Medical Instrument Co., Ltd | 101.237Φ10*350mm | Sterile,dry heat sterilized, reusable |
Non-absorbable suture | Johnson & Johnson MEDICAL (CHINA) Ltd | 2-0/W2512 | Sterile, ethylene oxide sterilized, disposable |
Non-traumatic forceps | Hangzhou Kangji Medical Instrument Co., Ltd | Φ10×260 | Sterile,dry heat sterilized, reusable |
Soft rubber ureteric catheter | Yangzhou Jinhuan Medical Appliance factory | Type A 5.3mm(16Fr) | Sterile, ethylene oxide sterilized, disposable |
Trocar | Zhejiang Geyi Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd | GYTR-I Φ5/Φ10/Φ12 | Sterile, ethylene oxide sterilized, disposable |
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