Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model with Human Osteosarcoma Tissues

Summary

The present protocol describes the method for establishing a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model using human osteosarcoma tissue.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite the development of new treatment plans in recent years, the prognosis for osteosarcoma patients has not significantly improved. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a robust preclinical model with high fidelity. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model faithfully preserves the genetic, epigenetic, and heterogeneous characteristics of human malignancies for each patient. Consequently, PDX models are considered authentic in vivo models for studying various cancers in transformation studies. This article presents a comprehensive protocol for creating and maintaining a PDX mouse model that accurately mirrors the morphological features of human osteosarcoma. This involves the immediate transplantation of freshly resected human osteosarcoma tissue into immunocompromised mice, followed by successive passaging. The described model serves as a platform for studying the growth, drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Additionally, it aids in screening the target therapeutics and establishing personalized treatment schemes.

Introduction

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone malignancy derived from interosseous lobe cells and is most common in adolescents as well as children. It often occurs in the epiphysis of the long diaphysis and is characterized by high malignancy, early metastasis, and poor prognosis^1,2. Lung metastasis is the main cause of death in osteosarcoma patients. The 5-year survival rate of patients with non-metastatic osteosarcoma is 65%-70%³. However, over the last 40 years, the 5-year survival rate (only 20%) of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma has not significantly improved, and 25% of osteosarcoma pati....

Protocol

All studies involving human tissues have been approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Committee of Longhua Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shanghai, China) (2013LC52), and written informed consent was obtained from the patients in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The IACUC number for this animal study is PZSHUTCM221017013. Four-week-old male CAnN.Cg-Foxn1nu/Crl mice were provided with double lion Irradiated Rodent Diet GB 14924.3 and sterile water, and .......

Discussion

The PDX models can simulate the characteristics of human cancers and retain more similarity with the primary tumor, including genetic and genomic alterations, histology, heterogeneity, and gene expression profile^16,17,18,19. Therefore, they preserve the molecular phenotypes and genotypes of cancer patients, providing innovative approaches for studying biology and evaluating potential therapeuti.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
10% formalin neutral solution	Wuhan Saiweier Biotechnology Co., Ltd	G1101-500ml	Fix the tissues
Autoclave	Japan Hiryama Company	HVE-50	Sterilization surgical instruments
CAnN.Cg-Foxn1nu/Crl	Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co, Ltd.	/	Animal
Caliper	Yantai Green Forest Tools Co., Ltd.	034180A	Measure the tumor volume
Dish (60mm)	Shanghai NianYue Biotechnology Co., Ltd	430166, Corning	Sample placment during transplantation
Disinfectant cotton balls	Shanghai Honglong Industrial Co., Ltd.	20230627	Disinfect the skin of mice
Disposable sterile gloves	Guilin Hengbao Health Protection Co., Ltd.	YT21131	Sterile operation
Double lion Irradiated Rodent Diet	Suzhou Shuangshi Experimental Animal Feed Technology Co., Ltd.	GB 14924.3	Animal feed
Electronic scale	Shanghai NianYue Biotechnology Co., Ltd	1-2000	Weigh the weight of the tumor
Eosin	Shanghai Gengyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd	E4009-25G	Hematoxylin eosin stain
Hematoxylin	Shanghai Gengyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd	H3136-25G	Hematoxylin eosin stain
Isoflurane	Shenzhen RWD Life Technology Co., Ltd	VETEASY	Mouse anesthesia
IVCs mice cage	Suzhou Monkey King Animal Experimental Equipment Technology Co., Ltd.	HH-MMB-2	Animal barrier
Mark pen	Zebra Trading (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.	YYST5	Mark the surgical incision
Olympus Optical microscope	Japanese Olympus Company	BH20	Scan tissue slices
Ophthalmic ointment	Shanghai Gengyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd	SOICOEYEGRL	Avoid dry eyes of mice during anesthesia
Ophthalmic scissors	Shanghai NianYue Biotechnology Co., Ltd	Y00030 JZ	Cut the skin
Ophthalmic tweezers	Shanghai NianYue Biotechnology Co., Ltd	BS-ZER-S-100 Biosharp	Hold osteosarcoma tissues during transplantation
Paraffin	Jiangsu Shitai Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd.	80200-0015	Buried osteosarcoma tissue
Paraffin slicing machine	Lyca Microsystem (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd.	RM2235	Osteosarcoma tissue section
physiological saline	Guangzhou Jinsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	605-004057	Rinse and temporary storage of osteosarcoma tissue
Scalpels	Surgical Instrument Factory of Shanghai Medical Devices (Group) Co., Ltd.	J11010-10# JZ	Separation of osteosarcoma tissue and making surgical incisions
Sterile hood	Thermo Fisher Technology (China) Co., Ltd.	ECO0.9	Surgical operation table
sterile surgical drapes	Henan Huayu Medical Equipment Co., Ltd.	20160090	Provide sterile surgery area
Straight needle holder	Shanghai Gengyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd	J31050 JZ	Suture the wound
Suture line	Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., Ltd	F3124	Suture the wound
Suture needle	Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Products Co., Ltd	F3124	Suture the wound
Tissue protective solution	Nanjing Shenghang Biotechnology Co., LTD	BC-CFM-03	Maintain the activity of tissue cells
Tube (50 mL)	Shanghai Baisai, Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	BLD-BL2002500	Install formalin fixation solution