Name: assessment of social transmission of food preferences behaviors
Uploaded: 2018-01-25T14:00:00.000+00:00
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Investigación apoyada por beca postdoctoral FWO a AVdJ. Los autores desean agradecer a Leen Van Aerschot y Ilse Bloemen por su soporte técnico.

Todos los protocolos han sido revisados y aprobados por el Comité de experimentación animal de la Universidad de Lovaina, Bélgica y se llevaron a cabo con arreglo a la Directiva Europea del Consejo de la comunidad (86/609/CEE).
1. equipos, aparatos y sala de configurar:
<ol><li>Preparar tres cámaras caja23 que consta de tres cámaras de Crawley (19 x 45 cm, altura 30 cm) con transparente medianeras permitiendo el libre acceso a cada cámara.</li>
	<li>Utilizar dos tazas de alimentos hechos de plástico transparente (de 3,8 cm de diámetro, altura de 3,2 cm) y colóquelos dentro de caber en los sostenedores de taza de alimentos que consiste en una rampa metálica (10 x 10 cm, altura 7 cm), con un agujero del montaje de las tazas de comida.</li>
	<li>Utilice un recipiente de taza de alambre lo suficientemente grande para un ratón (diámetro de 12 cm, altura 10 cm). Colóquelo en el compartimiento central para el demostrador en fase 6.</li>
	<li>Limpie el aparato después de cada ensayo con etanol al 70% para evitar rastros olfativos entre ratones y dejarlo secar. Nota: Prueba de comportamiento se realiza preferentemente entre 9:00 y 18:00 sala General iluminación de los aparatos y sala experimental es 650 lux. Utilizar un programa de software video-seguimiento a la actividad de registro del ratón.</li>
</ol>2. con sabor a comida preparación:
<ol><li>Chow de comida regular pellets y añadir 2% de apio o pimiento. Mezclar bien el alimento y colocarlo en recipientes para su uso posterior.</li>
</ol>3. motivación fase (día 1 - 2):
<ol><li>Poner todos los roedores en un horario de 23 h, privación de alimentos, recibiendo su chow regular por 1 h/día por dos días consecutivos en una sala con un ciclo de luz/oscuridad de 12 h con acceso ad libitum al agua. Encienda la luz de 8:00. Nota: En el protocolo original, durante la fase de cebado, cada manifestante fue proporcionada, por 1 h, con alimentos que contienen un sabor nuevo. Nos dio la comida con sabor a los manifestantes ya durante su 1 h de tiempo, así que en total 2 h en lugar de la original 1 h se utiliza la alimentación.</li>
	<li>Para el ratón de demostrador, usar un ratón del mismo fondo, edad, género y peso, sin contacto previo con el asunto (no hermanos de camada) / ratón de observador. Nota: Pueden usarse el mismo ratones manifestante entre los ensayos de transmisión social.</li>
</ol>4. enterrado Cookie prueba (día 3):
<ol><li>Antes de iniciar el procedimiento STFP, evaluar la función olfativa de las materias utilizando la prueba de galleta enterrada20. Enterrar un chocolate chip cookie aproximadamente 1 cm debajo de la superficie en una esquina al azar de una jaula cubierta limpia individual.</li>
	<li>A continuación, coloque el ratón de observador en la jaula y grabar la latencia para encontrar la cookie con un corte de 15 minutos. No se deje el ratón come la galleta. Nota: Esta prueba simple puede descartar déficit de detección de olfato y prevenir tiempo pruebas de STFP innecesarias.</li>
</ol>5. habituación fase (día 3):
<ol><li>Separar los compartimientos de la derecho y la izquierda bajando las paredes.</li>
	<li>Poner dos recipientes, llenados de bolitas de comida (chow alimento regular) en cada esquina de los aparatos de cámara de tres.</li>
	<li>Coloque suavemente el ratón de observador en la sala del centro.</li>
	<li>Deja el ratón tema habituarse al aparato durante 10 minutos.</li>
	<li>Después de 10 minutos, abrir las puertas correderas y deje el ratón tema explorar libremente todo el aparato durante 10 minutos. Nota: Ratones deben permanecer en un programa privado de alimento durante esta fase.</li>
</ol>6. social fase de transmisión (día 4):
<ol><li>Separar los compartimientos de la derecho y la izquierda bajando las paredes.</li>
	<li>Poner un ratón demostrador dentro de una taza de contención de alambre y colocarlo en la sala del centro. En la tapa de la taza de alambre frente a la cámara montada, escribir la abreviatura de la comida que el manifestante ha sido localiza con.</li>
	<li>Suavemente ponga el ratón del tema en la cámara del centro y déjelo explorar libremente el manifestante durante 30 minutos, durante la grabación de la duración (s) y número de contactos entre el ratón del tema y la taza de contención el ratón demostrador (dentro de un área de 5 cm de la vivienda alrededor de la taza).</li>
</ol>7. alimentos fase de prueba de preferencia:
<ol><li>Preparar dos potes de alimentos para cada ratón. Peso de cada ratón y etiqueta con la identificación del observador y sabor.</li>
	<li>Quite los separadores de pared y coloque los dos recipientes llenados cada chow que contiene la localización o un nuevo alimento (del), en cada esquina del cámara-aparato (figura 2).</li>
	<li>Suavemente Coloque el ratón del tema en la cámara de media y se deja explorar libremente la arena entera para 120 min, durante la grabación de la duración (s) y número de contactos entre el ratón del tema y las tazas de alimentos (dentro de un área de 5 cm alrededor de los vasos).</li>
	<li>Medir la preferencia del alimento por peso de los alimentos (g).</li>
	<li>Si derrame ocurre, vuelva a colocar todos los alimentos en la taza de comida y pesan junto con la comida que quedaba en la taza de comida. Derrame dentro de la cámara central debe ser tenida en cuenta.</li>
</ol>8. estadístico análisis:
<ol><li>Utilice un programa de seguimiento de video para evaluar el comportamiento del ratón, incluyendo el número de enfoques, duración de enfoques entre sujeto y demostrador de ratón durante la fase 6 y el tiempo que el ratón de observador con las dos tazas de alimento durante la fase 7.</li>
	<li>Calcular el porcentaje de tiempo dentro de la proximidad de la localización y del alimento y el porcentaje de la localización y del comido comida.</li>
	<li>Analizar los datos mediante análisis unidireccional de varianza (ANOVA).</li>
</ol>

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Los autores no tienen nada que revelar.

Un repertorio de comportamiento animal puede ser rastreado ampliamente a cuatro razones básicas, localizar agua y alimentos, evitar depredadores, socialmente interactuando y reproducir. Implementación de un patrón de comportamiento producidas por un individuo de un grupo social que promueve directamente la adopción y exposición por otro es acuñado transmisión social24. Este tipo de comportamiento profundamente puede afectar la ecología de una especie debido a comportamiento iniciada por (a...

Déficits de reconocimiento olfativo se proponen servir como marcador clínico para diferenciar a enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) temas de envejecimiento normal grupos1,2,3,4. Una gama de desordenes neuropsiquiátricos se caracterizan por alteraciones en el reconocimiento olfativo y memoria, incluyendo AD y Parkinson5,6. Se han establecido varios protocolos y pruebas de comportamiento para evaluar reconocimiento olfativo y la discriminación en animales modelos7. Como tal, investigación traslacional, usando modelos animales apropiados y validados y pruebas de memoria olfativa puede avanzar mejor diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Por lo tanto, la transmisión social de la prueba del alimento de preferencia (STFP) que fue originalmente inventado en la década de los 808 fue adaptada. En esta tarea, los animales son evaluados en su capacidad innata para aprender sobre la seguridad alimentaria de sus conespecíficos. Subyacentes de la decisión de rechazo de la selección, procesos involucran la evaluación de las características sensoriales de los alimentos y un animal debe ser capaces de revisión e ingrato características diferentes (es decir., sabor y olor).
La prueba STFP consiste en un fenómeno bastante simple: después de la interacción del roedor ingenuo 'observador' con un 'manifestante' que anteriormente consumían un alimento, el observador normalmente muestra una mayor preferencia por este alimento8,9 , 10. analizar las condiciones necesarias en esta preferencia, demostró el tema directo – exposición de demostrador (comido o el polvo con un alimento) es suficiente para aumentar la preferencia del observador. Sin embargo, puramente que huele ni una comida no son suficientes para inducir este tipo de preferencia11,12.
El protocolo STFP consta de cuatro pasos durante cinco días. El primer paso consiste en aumentar la motivación de los animales para hacerlos comer un nuevo alimento. Para ello, los roedores se ponen en un horario de 23 h, privación de alimentos, recepción regular chow de 1 h/día durante dos días consecutivos. En el segundo paso, la fase de cebado, cada manifestante se proporciona para 1 h con alimentos que contienen un sabor nuevo (chow mezclado con cacao o canela en los experimentos originales). En el tercer paso, la fase de interacción social, cada manifestante se coloca en la jaula de un roedor de observador del tema durante 30 minutos. En el cuarto paso, 24 h después de la interacción social, cada tema se ofrece la opción de ambas dietas con sabor. Se evalúan la ingesta del observador de ambos alimentos y porcentajes de preferencia de ambas dietas comidas por el tema.
Se muestran las lesiones neurotóxicas selectivas del hipocampo subiculum a perjudicar el desempeño en esta tarea13. Además, las mutaciones que afectan la función hippocampal en ratones se han divulgado para evitar alimentos preferencias14,15,16,17. Lo importante, rendimiento STFP no exclusivamente depende de funcionamiento hipocampal. Se informó de varias manipulaciones farmacológicas, genéticas y estudios de lesión que otras estructuras del cerebro al lado del hipocampo pueden desempeñar un papel en la mediación de diferentes aspectos de la memoria y el aprendizaje de elección socialmente inducida por dieta. Por ejemplo, las neuronas colinérgicas de la extremidad medial del tabique/vertical de la diagonal banda o núcleo basalis magnocellularis/sustancia innominada se sugieren que posee diferentes funciones para adquirir y recuperar la memoria social no espacial de olfativo señales18. Además, la corteza orbitofrontal se ha implicado en el aprendizaje guiado por el olor y agotamiento colinérgico del neocórtex todo dio lugar a déficits STFP, indicando que estas regiones del cerebro son esenciales para este tipo de aprendizaje asociativo19.
Posibles factores de confusión se evitan lo más posible, como separarse de los olores o arrastre de los alimentos fuera de las tazas. Un paso adicional de habituación para el aparato y una prueba adicional antes de que la tarea STFP fueron agregados, para evaluar si los roedores pueden oler realmente y están dispuestos a comer nuevos alimentos, la galleta enterrada prueba20. Además, al incluir el seguimiento de vídeo automatizado, el tiempo empleado en explorar tanto el manifestante durante la interacción social, así como el alimento durante la fase de prueba también se podía medir. La exploración de la ruta de acceso para cada tema es grabada con una cámara conectada a una computadora equipada de software de seguimiento video. Como tal, se pueden calcular diferentes aspectos del rendimiento de la exploración, como el tiempo en cada zona y el número de visitas de la zona. Esto da información más detallada sobre la actividad de los animales durante la fase de prueba, además de la cantidad de alimentos consumidos en el protocolo original de STFP.
En experimentos anteriores con un modelo de ratón de AD, el modelo de tu Tau22, se encontró que podría recogerse deterioro en esta memoria STFP desde la edad de 9-10 meses, y estos Co ocurrieron con déficits en hipocampo patología tau y la plasticidad sináptica en la hipocampo16. Puesto que la patología del tau se produce retraso en la progresión de la enfermedad, según la hipótesis de la cascada amiloide después de la disposición de placas amyloidal21, fue presumido que los déficits STFP podrían detectar a una edad más temprana en ratones transgénicos amiloides. Por lo tanto, se aplicó la prueba STFP en 3 meses APP/PS1 ratones22, el más común utiliza el modelo del anuncio. Este tipo de elección de alimentos socialmente inducida de hecho fue encontrado para ser deteriorada en los ratones APP/PS1. Es importante que estos ratones, por lo menos a esta edad, estaban carente de deficiencias generales exploración olfativa, aparato locomotor o social. Para concluir, la disfunción olfativa reconocimiento podría ser un importante método de detección temprana de AD en humanos y ratones tanto. Esta proyección confiable, barata y fácil para AD temprana podría ser útil para la investigación terapéutica. Si podríamos pantalla para temprano anuncio más eficaz, podríamos interferir en el proceso de la enfermedad.

<table><tbody><tr><td>3-chamber apparatus</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>19 x 45 cm, height 30 cm</td></tr><tr><td>wire cages to hold mouse</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>diameter of 12 cm, height 10 cm</td></tr><tr><td>ramp to hold food cup</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>10 x 10 cm, height 7 cm</td></tr><tr><td>food cups</td><td>sunlessbody via ebay</td><td>http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/Plastic-Sample-Jars-Pots-Cups-Containers-with-Hinged-Lid-x-200-Small-25ml-/251708415240</td><td>diameter of 3.8 cm, height 3.2 cm</td></tr><tr><td>lux meter</td><td>Volcraft</td><td>BL-10 L 0 - 40000 lx</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>paprika herb</td><td>Delhaize</td><td>ID:716703</td><td>Gemalen paprika,| 40 g</td></tr><tr><td>celery herb</td><td>Delhaize</td><td>ID:716301</td><td>Selderzout, 57 g</td></tr><tr><td>vide-tracking software</td><td>Ethovision (Noldus)</td><td>http://www.noldus.com/animal-behavior-research/products/ethovision-xt</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>ANYmaze (Stoelting)</td><td>https://www.stoeltingco.com/any-maze-video-tracking-software-1218.html</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

assessment of social transmission of food preferences behaviors

Déficits de reconocimiento olfativo se sugieren para ser capaces de servir como marcador clínico para diferenciar la enfermedad de Alzheimer (AD) sujetos de los grupos de envejecimiento saludable. Por ejemplo, puede presentar disfunción olfativa en AD como deterioro en el reconocimiento olfativo, surgiendo durante las primeras etapas de la enfermedad y el empeoramiento mientras que progresa la enfermedad. La transmisión social de la tarea de preferencias (STFP) de alimentos se basa en una forma rudimentaria de comunicación entre roedores sobre alimentos distantes dependientes de la transmisión de señales olfativas. Ratones de tipo salvaje sanas preferiría comer una novela, sabor a alimentos que previamente se localiza por una coespecíficos, y esta preferencia del alimento sería obstaculizada en ratones transgénicos de anuncio, como el modelo APP/PS1. De hecho, se encontró una fuerte preferencia por los alimentos contado en ratones C57Bl6/J de 3 meses de edad, y esto fue reducido en ratones transgénicos de APP/PS1 3 meses de edad. En Resumen, STFP tarea podría ser una medida poderosa para integrarse en los presentes ensayos de detección subclínica de AD.

En la figura 1A-Bse muestra un ejemplo de la fase de exploración social. Esta fase permite la estimación de exploración social del ratón con el ratón de manifestante que sólo consume un alimento con sabor a tema. En el protocolo original, ratones podían explorarse libremente. En el protocolo descrito en este documento, el ratón demostrador fue contenido en una taza de alambre que permite el contacto ano-genitales y nariz. Además, la ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors at JoVE.com

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

Se presenta un protocolo para la investigación de la transmisión social de preferencia del alimento en los ratones. Las ventajas y posibles aplicaciones para este procedimiento, por ejemplo, en la detección de cambios tempranos en modelos de ratón de AD, se destacan. Para concluir, se discuten la interpretación de los resultados a la luz detalles críticos.

Evaluación de la transmisión Social de comportamientos de preferencias de alimentos

Olfactory recognition deficits are suggested to be able to serve as clinical marker to differentiate Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) subjects from healthy ...

assessment-of-social-transmission-of-food-preferences-behaviors

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7.9K vistas.  KU Leuven. Se presenta un protocolo para la investigación de la transmisión social de preferencia del alimento en los ratones. Las ventajas y posibles aplicaciones para este procedimiento, por ejemplo, en la detección de cambios tempranos en modelos de ratón de AD, se destacan. Para concluir, se discuten la interpretación de los resultados a la luz detalles críticos.

Video: Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

Fat Preference: A Novel Model of Eating Behavior in Rats

Obesity is a growing problem in the United States of America, with more than a third of the population classified as obese. One factor contributing to this multifactorial disorder is the consumption of a high fat diet, a behavior that has been shown to increase both caloric intake and body fat content. However, the elements regulating preference for high fat food over other foods remain understudied.
To overcome this deficit, a model to quickly and easily test changes in the preference for dietary fat was developed. The Fat Preference model presents rats with a series of choices between foods with differing fat content. Like humans, rats have a natural bias toward consuming high fat food, making the rat model ideal for translational studies. Changes in preference can be ascribed to the effect of either genetic differences or pharmacological interventions. This model allows for the exploration of determinates of fat preference and screening pharmacotherapeutic agents that influence acquisition of obesity.

Dietary fat content influences both energy intake and body fat composition in mammals. By examining rats&#8217; preference for high fat food in a series of choice experiments, it is possible to test genetic differences and pharmacological interventions on their preference for high fat food.

Preferencia grasa: Un Modelo de Novela de la conducta alimentaria en ratas

Obesity is a growing problem in the United States of America, with more than a third of the population classified as obese. One factor contributing to ...

Investigación

Comportamiento

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and stability of the networks and relationships that define societies. For animals, such as mice, recognition of conspecifics may be important for maintaining social hierarchy and for mate choice 1.
A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by disruptions in social behavior and social recognition, including depression, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia. Studies of humans as well as animal models (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus) have identified genes involved in the regulation of social behavior 2. To assess sociability in animal models, several behavioral tests have been developed (reviewed in 3). Integrative research using animal models and appropriate tests for social behavior may lead to the development of improved treatments for social psychopathologies.
The three-chamber paradigm test known as Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty protocol has been successfully employed to study social affiliation and social memory in several inbred and mutant mouse lines (e.g. 4-7). The main principle of this test is based on the free choice by a subject mouse to spend time in any of three box's compartments during two experimental sessions, including indirect contact with one or two mice with which it is unfamiliar. To quantitate social tendencies of the experimental mouse, the main tasks are to measure a) the time spent with a novel conspecific and b) preference for a novel vs. a familiar conspecific. Thus, the experimental design of this test allows evaluation of two critical but distinguishable aspects of social behavior, such as social affiliation/motivation, as well as social memory and novelty. "Sociability" in this case is defined as propensity to spend time with another mouse, as compared to time spent alone in an identical but empty chamber 7. "Preference for social novelty" is defined as propensity to spend time with a previously unencountered mouse rather than with a familiar mouse 7. This test provides robust results, which then must be carefully analyzed, interpreted and supported/confirmed by alternative sociability tests. In addition to specific applications, Crawley's sociability test can be included as an important component of general behavioral screen of mutant mice.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for examination of sociability in mice by using Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty test. We describe the advantages and possible applications for this procedure, including critical details important for correct interpretation of the results.

Evaluación de los comportamientos de interacción social

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and ...

Neurociencias

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity

Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including autism. Behavior analytic interventions for the treatment of feeding difficulties oftentimes include escape extinction as a primary component of treatment. The use of escape extinction, while effective, may be problematic as it is also associated with the emergence of challenging behavior (e.g., extinction burst). Such challenging behavior may be an acceptable side effect in treatment cases where feeding problems are severe and chronic (e.g., failure to thrive). However, in more acute cases (e.g., selective eating), the negative side effect may be unwarranted and undesired. More recent research on the behavioral treatment of food selectivity has begun to evaluate treatments for feeding difficulties that do not include escape extinction (e.g., demand fading, behavioral momentum), with some success. However, research to date reveals individual differences in responsiveness to such treatments and no clear preferable treatment has emerged. This manuscript describes a multi-component treatment package that includes shaping, sequential presentation and simultaneous presentation, for the treatment of food selectivity in four young children with developmental delays. This treatment package extends the literature on the behavioral treatment for food selectivity and offers a multi-component treatment protocol that may be clinically applicable across a range of treatment scenarios and settings.

Feeding difficulties are a common problem for children with developmental disorders, including autism, and behavioral interventions often include escape extinction. Recent research has begun to evaluate treatments that do not include escape extinction. This manuscript describes a multicomponent treatment package that does not use escape extinction to treat feeding difficulties.

Un paquete de tratamiento sin Extinción Escape para Dirección de Alimentos Selectividad

Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including ...

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often hampered by a phenomenon known as "bait shyness". Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, so to overcome the problem of potential food toxicity they have evolved a strategy of first ingesting only very small amounts of novel substances. The amounts ingested then gradually increase until the animal has determined whether the substance is safe and nutritious. So the old rat-catchers would first put a palatable substance such as oatmeal, which was to be the vehicle for the toxin, in the infested area. Only when large amounts were being readily consumed would they then add the poison, in amounts calculated not to affect the taste of the vehicle. The poisoned bait, which the animals were now readily eating in large amounts, would then swiftly perform its function.
Bait shyness is now used in the behavioural laboratory as a way of measuring anxiety. A highly palatable but novel substance, such as sweet corn, nuts or sweetened condensed milk, is offered to the mice (or rats) in a novel situation, such as a new cage. The latency to consume a defined amount of the new food is then measured.
Robert M.J. Deacon can be reach at <a href="mailto:robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk">robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk</a>

Mice and rats, due to their innate cautiousness, are initially slow in consuming a novel food, particularly in a novel place. This hyponeophagia can readily be measured in the laboratory, even though laboratory animals are much less anxious than their wild counterparts

Hyponeophagia: una medida de la ansiedad en el ratón

Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often ...

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

The Monell two-series, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method provides a reliable measure of sweet taste preferences from childhood to adulthood. The method, which is identical for children, adolescents, and adults, is of short duration (&#60; 15 min), does not rely on sustained attention or place demands on memory (which would yield spurious age differences), and minimizes the impact of language development, making this method amenable to the cognitive limitations of pediatric populations. In this whole-mouth tasting method, subjects are asked to taste (without swallowing) pairs of solutions of different sucrose concentrations and to point to the solution they prefer. Each subsequent pair contains the participant&#39;s preceding preferred concentration and an adjacent stimulus concentration. The procedure continues until the subject chooses either a given concentration of sucrose when paired with both a higher and a lower concentration, or the highest or lowest concentration two consecutive times. Subjects are prevented from reaching response criteria on the basis of first or second position bias by the two-series design of the method, which counterbalances the order of solution presentation within each pair between the series (the weaker concentration is presented first in Series 1, second in Series 2). The geometric mean of the two sucrose concentrations chosen in Series 1 and 2 is an estimate of the participant&#39;s most preferred level of sucrose. Sucrose preference as determined with this laboratory-based measure has been shown to be associated with preference for sugars in foods and beverages and with taste receptor genotype, family history of alcoholism, and race/ethnicity, as well as depressive symptomatology among pediatric populations. The method has real-world relevance and has been applied to determine most preferred level of other tastes (e.g., salt), making it a valuable psychophysical tool.

Sweet taste has powerful hedonic appeal among people of all ages, particularly children. Described herein is a reliable and valid method that can be used to determine the level of sweetness most preferred, making it a valuable psychophysical tool for scientists.

Psicofísico Método de Seguimiento para medir las preferencias de sabor en niños y adultos

The Monell two-series, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method provides a reliable measure of sweet taste preferences from childhood to ...

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of social behavior requires behavioral tests that can be applied to animal models in an unbiased and observer-independent manner. Since the beginning of the millennium, the three-chamber test has been widely used as a standard paradigm to evaluate sociability (social preference) and social novelty preference in small rodents. However, this test suffers from multiple limitations, including its dependence on spatial navigation and negligence of behavioral dynamics. Presented and validated here is a novel experimental system that offers an alternative to the three-chamber test, while also solving some of its caveats. The system requires a simple and affordable experimental apparatus and publicly available open-source analysis system, which automatically measures and analyzes multiple behavioral parameters at individual and population levels. It allows detailed analysis of the behavioral dynamics of small rodents during any social discrimination test. We demonstrate the efficiency of the system in analyzing the dynamics of social behavior during the social preference and social novelty preference tests as performed by adult male mice and rats. Moreover, we validate the ability of the system to reveal modified dynamics of social behavior in rodents following manipulations such as whisker trimming. Thus, the system allows for rigorous investigation of social behavior and dynamics in small rodent models and supports more accurate comparisons between strains, conditions, and treatments.

Described here is a novel automated experimental system that offers an alternative to the three-chamber test and also solves several caveats. This system supplies multiple behavioral parameters that enable rigorous analysis of small rodent behavioral dynamics during the social preference and social novelty preference tests.

Un sistema para el seguimiento de la dinámica del comportamiento de las preferencias sociales en pequeños roedores

Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of social behavior requires behavioral tests that can be applied to animal models in an unbiased and ...

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. Recent technological innovations allow for the development of more accurate and precise dietary and eating behavior assessment tools that require less effort for both the user and the researcher. Therefore, a new sensor-based device to assess food intake and eating behavior was developed. The device is a regular dining tray equipped with a video camera and three separate built-in weighing stations. The weighing stations measure the weight of the bowl, plate, and drinking cup continuously over the course of a meal. The video camera positioned to the face records eating behavior characteristics (chews, bites), which are analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic facial expression software. The tray weight and the video data are transported at real-time to a personal computer (PC) using a wireless receiver. The outcomes of interest, such as the amount eaten, eating rate and bite size, can be calculated by subtracting the data of these measures at the timepoints of interest. The information obtained by the current version of the tray can be used for research purposes, an upgraded version of the device would also facilitate the provision of more personalized advice on dietary intake and eating behavior. Contrary to the conventional dietary assessment methods, this dietary assessment device measures food intake directly within a meal and is not dependent on memory or the portion size estimation. Ultimately, this device is therefore suited for daily main meal food intake and eating behavior measures. In the future, this technology based dietary assessment method can be linked to health applications or smart watches to obtain a complete overview of exercise, energy intake, and eating behavior.

This protocol shows and explains a new technology-based dietary assessment method. The method consists of a dining tray with multiple built-in weighing scales and a video camera. The device is unique in the sense that it incorporates automated measures of food and drink intake and eating behavior over the course of a meal.

Desarrollo conceptual y uso de un método automatizado de evaluación de la ingesta de alimentos y el comportamiento alimentario

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. ...

A Rapid Food-Preference Assay in Drosophila

To select food with nutritional value while avoiding the consumption of harmful agents, animals need a sophisticated and robust taste system to evaluate their food environment. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a genetically tractable model organism that is widely used to decipher the molecular, cellular, and neural underpinnings of food preference. To analyze fly food preference, a robust feeding method is needed. Described here is a two-choice feeding assay, which is rigorous, cost-saving, and fast. The assay is Petri-dish-based and involves the addition of two different foods supplemented with blue or red dye to the two halves of the dish. Then, ~70 prestarved, 2-4-day-old flies are placed in the dish and&#160;allowed to choose between blue and red foods in the dark for about 90 min. Examination of the abdomen of each fly is followed by the calculation of the preference index. In contrast to multiwell plates, each Petri dish takes only ~20 s to fill and saves time and effort. This feeding assay can be employed to quickly determine whether flies like or dislike a particular food.

A Rapid Food-Preference Assay in Drosophila

We present a protocol for a two-choice feeding assay for flies. This feeding assay is fast and easy to run and is suitable not only for small-scale laboratory research, but also for high-throughput behavioral screens in flies.

Un ensayo rápido de preferencia alimentaria en Drosophila

To select food with nutritional value while avoiding the consumption of harmful agents, animals need a sophisticated and robust taste system to evaluate ...

Feeding Test: Assessment of Feeding Preferences in Drosophila melanogaster

Source: Bovier, T. F., et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/59535/" target="_blank">Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2019).
This video describes a feeding assay for fruit flies in which colored food is used to monitor feeding and the effect added compounds may have on feeding activity. The example protocol tests the effects of several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC).

Test de Alimentación: Evaluación de las Preferencias Alimentarias en Drosophila melanogaster

Source: Bovier, T. F., et al. Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Vis. Exp. (2019).
This video describes a feeding assay ...

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Drosophila melanogaster (mosca de la fruta)

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Taste Preference Assay: A Method for Measuring Feeding Behavior in Drosophila

Source: Bantel, A. P. and Tessier, C. R. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/54403/" target="_blank">Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).
This video describes the taste preference assay, a behavioral method used to measure attraction or avoidance towards colored solutions that taste differently by assessing the fly&#39;s abdominal coloration after ingestion of the preferred substance. The featured protocol demonstrates the procedure used to measure flies&#39; preference towards solutions of varying sucrose concentrations.

Ensayo de preferencia gustativa: un método para medir el comportamiento alimentario en Drosophila

Source: Bantel, A. P. and Tessier, C. R. Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).
This video describes the taste preference ...