Pesquisa apoiada pela bolsa de pós-doutorado FWO para AVdJ. Os autores gostaria de agradecer seu apoio técnico Leen Van Aerschot e Ilse Bloemen.

Todos os protocolos foram revistos e aprovados pelo Comité de experimentação animal da Universidade de Leuven, na Bélgica e foram realizados em conformidade com a Directiva do Conselho comunitário europeu (86/609/CEE).
1. equipamentos, aparelhos e sala de configurar:
<ol><li>Preparar três-câmara casa23 , que consiste de três câmaras de um Crawley (19 x 45 cm, altura 30 cm) com transparente dividindo paredes permitindo acesso gratuito para cada câmara.</li>
	<li>Utilizar duas xícaras de comida de plástico transparente (diâmetro de 3,8 cm, altura de 3,2 cm) e coloque-as dentro de copos de comida, consistindo de uma rampa de metal de encaixe (10 x 10 cm, altura 7cm), com um orifício central, encaixe as xícaras de comida.</li>
	<li>Use um fio Taça recipiente grande o suficiente para segurar um mouse (diâmetro de 12 cm, altura 10 cm). Colocá-lo na câmara do meio para o demonstrador na fase 6.</li>
	<li>Limpe o aparelho após cada julgamento com etanol a 70% para evitar rastros olfativos entre ratos e deixá-lo secar. Nota: Testes comportamentais é feito preferencialmente entre 09:00 e 18:00 sala geral iluminação na sala experimental de aparelhos e é 650 lux. Use um programa de software de vídeo-monitoramento de atividade do registro mouse.</li>
</ol>2. com sabor de comida preparação:
<ol><li>Levar comida comida normal pelotas e adicionar 2% de aipo ou páprica. Misturar a comida bem e colocá-lo em recipientes de comida, de continuar a utilizar.</li>
</ol>3. fase motivacional (dia 1 - 2):
<ol><li>Colocar todos os roedores na agenda 23-h, privação alimentar, recebendo sua comida regular para 1h/dia por dois dias consecutivos em um quarto com um ciclo de claro/escuro de 12 h com ad libitum acesso à água. Acende a luz 08:00. Nota: No protocolo original, durante a fase de preparação, cada manifestante foi fornecido, por 1h, com alimentos que contenham um sabor de romance. Demos os manifestantes a comida com sabor já durante sua h 1 alimentando a tempo, então no total 2 h em vez do h 1 original é usado.</li>
	<li>Para o mouse de demonstrador, usar um mouse do mesmo fundo, idade, sexo e peso, sem qualquer contato prévio (não littermates) com o assunto / rato do observador. Nota: Os ratos demonstrador mesmo podem ser usados entre ensaios de transmissão social.</li>
</ol>4. enterrado teste Cookie (dia 3):
<ol><li>Antes de iniciar o procedimento STFP, avalie a função olfativa dos temas usando o cookie enterrado teste20. Enterre um chocolate chip cookie aproximadamente 1 cm abaixo da superfície em um canto aleatório de uma gaiola de habitação individual limpo.</li>
	<li>Em seguida, coloque o mouse observador dentro da jaula e gravar a latência para encontrar o cookie com um corte de 15 min. Não deixe o rato comer o biscoito. Nota: Este teste simples pode descartar déficits de deteção de olfação e evitar demorados testes desnecessários STFP.</li>
</ol>5. habituação fase (dia 3):
<ol><li>Separe os compartimentos direito e esquerdos, diminuindo as paredes.</li>
	<li>Coloca dois recipientes de comida, com esferas de comida (chow comida normal) em cada canto da três-câmara-aparato.</li>
	<li>Coloque suavemente o mouse do observador na câmara central.</li>
	<li>Deixe o mouse de assunto se habituar ao aparelho por 10 min.</li>
	<li>Depois de 10 min, abra as portas de correr e deixe o mouse de assunto a explorar livremente o aparelho inteiro por 10 min. Nota: Os ratos devem permanecer em um horário privado de comida durante esta fase.</li>
</ol>6. fase de transmissão social (dia 4):
<ol><li>Separe os compartimentos direito e esquerdos, diminuindo as paredes.</li>
	<li>Colocar um rato demonstrador dentro de uma taça de contenção de fio e coloque-o na câmara central. Sobre a tampa do copo fio virado para a câmera montada, escreva a abreviação do alimento que o demonstrador tem sido preparado com.</li>
	<li>Cuidadosamente coloque o mouse do assunto na câmara de centro e deixá-lo explorar livremente o demonstrador para 30 min, durante a gravação de duração (s) e número de contatos entre o mouse do assunto e a taça de contenção habitação o mouse demonstrador (dentro de uma área de 5 cm em torno da Copa).</li>
</ol>7. alimentação fase de teste de preferência:
<ol><li>Prepare dois potes de comida para cada rato. Pesar cada rato e rotulá-la com identificação do observador e sabor.</li>
	<li>Retire as divisórias de parede e coloque os recipientes de dois alimento, repleto de qualquer comida que contenha o marcado ou um novo alimento (uncued), em cada canto da três-câmara-aparato (Figura 2).</li>
	<li>Gentilmente colocar o mouse do assunto na câmara de médio e deixá-lo explorar livremente a arena inteira para 120 min, durante a gravação de duração (s) e número de contatos entre o mouse do assunto e ambos os copos de comida (dentro de uma área de 5 cm ao redor os copos).</li>
	<li>Medir a preferência alimentar por pesagem o alimento restante (g).</li>
	<li>Se ocorrer derrame, volte a colocar toda a comida no copo de comida e pesá-lo juntamente com os restantes alimentos na taça de comida. Derrame dentro da câmara de meio deve ser desconsiderada.</li>
</ol>8. análise estatística:
<ol><li>Use um programa de controle de vídeo para avaliar o comportamento do mouse, incluindo o número de abordagens, duração de abordagens entre o assunto e demonstrador do mouse durante a fase 6 e o tempo que o rato observador gasto com dois copos de alimentos durante a fase 7.</li>
	<li>Calcule a porcentagem de tempo gasto dentro da proximidade do alimento marcado e uncued e o percentual dos alimentos comidos marcado e uncued.</li>
	<li>Analise os dados por uma forma de análise de variância (ANOVA).</li>
</ol>

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Um repertório comportamental animal pode ser rastreado em geral para quatro razões básicas, localização de alimento e água, evitando predadores, socialmente interagindo e reproduzindo. Implementação de um padrão comportamental produzido por um indivíduo de um grupo social que promove diretamente a adoção e exposição por outro é cunhado de transmissão social24. Este tipo de comportamento profundamente pode afetar a ecologia de uma espécie porque comportamento iniciado por (alguns) ...

Déficits de reconhecimento olfativo são sugeridos para servir como marcador clínico para diferenciar a doença de Alzheimer (AD) temas de envelhecimento normal grupos1,2,3,4. Uma variedade de distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos são caracterizados por perturbações no reconhecimento olfativo e memória, incluindo AD e Parkinson5,6. Vários testes comportamentais e protocolos foram estabelecidos para avaliar o reconhecimento olfativo e discriminação no animal modelos7. Como tal, pesquisa translacional usando modelos animais adequados e validados e testes para memória olfativa pode avançar melhor diagnóstico e tratamento para doenças neurodegenerativas. Portanto, a transmissão social de teste de preferência (STFP) de comida que originalmente foi inventado no início dos anos 808 foi adaptada. Nesta tarefa, os animais são avaliados na sua capacidade inata de aprender sobre segurança alimentar de seus coespecíficos. Subjacente à decisão de rejeição de selecionar, processos envolvem a avaliação das características sensoriais dos alimentos e um animal deve ser capaz de revisão e ingrato características diferentes (i. e., sabor e odor).
O teste STFP consiste de um fenômeno bastante simples: após a interação do roedor de 'observador' ingênuo com um demonstrador' ' que anteriormente consumido um alimento, o observador normalmente demonstra uma maior preferência por este alimento8,9 , 10. analisar condições necessárias resultando nesta preferência, mostrou que esse assunto direto – exposição demonstrador (comido ou polvilhado com um alimento) é suficiente para aumentar a preferência do observador. No entanto, puramente cheiro nem comer uma comida não são suficientes para induzir este tipo de preferência11,12.
O protocolo STFP consiste em quatro etapas ao longo de cinco dias. O primeiro passo consiste em aumentar a motivação dos animais para fazê-los comer um novo alimento. Para fazer isso, todos os roedores são colocados em uma programação de 23-h, privação alimentar, recebendo comida regular para 1h/dia por dois dias consecutivos. Na segunda etapa, a fase de preparação, cada manifestante é fornecido para 1 h com alimentos contendo um sabor de romance (chow misturado com cacau ou canela nas experiências de original). Na terceira etapa, a fase de interação social, cada manifestante é colocado dentro da jaula de um roedor de observador do assunto durante 30 min. No quarto passo, 24h após a interação social, cada assunto é oferecido a escolha de ambas as dietas com sabor. Ingestão do observador de ambos os alimentos e percentagens de preferência de ambas as dietas comidas pelo sujeito são avaliadas.
Seletivas neurotóxicas lesões do hipocampo-subiculum são mostradas para prejudicar o desempenho desta tarefa13. Além disso, mutações que afetam a função hippocampal em camundongos foram relatadas para evitar comida preferências14,15,16,17. Importante, desempenho STFP não depende exclusivamente bom funcionamento hippocampal. Foi relatado em várias manipulações farmacológicas, genéticas e estudos de lesão que outras estruturas do cérebro ao lado do hipocampo podem desempenhar um papel na mediação de diferentes aspectos da dieta socialmente induzida escolha aprendizagem e memória. Por exemplo, os neurônios colinérgicos do membro da diagonal banda ou núcleo innominata basalis magnocellularis/substantia septo medial/vertical são sugeridos possuir diferentes papéis em adquirir e recuperar a memória social não-espaciais de olfativa sugestões de18. Além disso, córtex orbitofrontal tem sido implicado na aprendizagem orientada para o odor, e depleção colinérgico do neocórtex toda resultou em déficits STFP, indicando que essas regiões do cérebro são essenciais para este tipo de aprendizagem associativa19.
Possíveis fatores de confundimento foram evitadas tanto quanto possível, tais como a disseminação dos odores ou arrastando do alimento fora os copos. Um passo de habituação adicionais para o aparelho e um teste suplementar antes que a tarefa real do STFP foram adicionados, para avaliar se os roedores podem cheirar e estão dispostos a comer novos alimentos, o cookie enterrado teste20. Também, incluindo vídeo-rastreamento automatizado, o tempo gasto explorar tanto o manifestante durante a interação social, bem como os alimentos durante a fase de teste também poderia ser medido. A exploração do caminho para cada assunto é gravada usando uma câmera conectada a um computador equipado de software de rastreamento vídeo. Como tal, diferentes aspectos do desempenho de exploração, tais como o tempo em cada zona e o número de visitas de zona podem ser calculados. Isto dá informações mais detalhadas sobre a atividade dos animais durante a fase de teste, além da quantidade de alimento consumido, como o protocolo original do STFP.
Em experiências anteriores com um modelo do rato de AD, o modelo de THY-Tau22, foi encontrado que impairment neste STFP memória a partir de 9-10 meses de idade pode ser apanhado, e estas co ocorreram com déficits em patologia tau e plasticidade sináptica hippocampal na hipocampo16. Desde que a patologia tau ocorre tarde na progressão da doença, de acordo com a hipótese de cascata amiloide após a disposição das placas amyloidal21, foi hipotetisado que déficits STFP poderiam ser detectados em uma idade mais adiantada em ratos transgénicos amiloides. Portanto, o teste do STFP foi aplicado em 3 meses de idade APP/PS1 ratos22, o modelo mais comum usado do anúncio. Este tipo de escolha de alimentos socialmente induzida na verdade foi encontrado para ser prejudicada em ratos o APP/PS1. É importante que estes ratos, pelo menos nesta idade, eram desprovidas de deficiências gerais de exploração olfativa, aparelho locomotor ou social. Para concluir, disfunção olfativa de reconhecimento pode ser um importante método de rastreio precoce para AD em humanos e ratos parecidos. Esta seleção confiável, barata e fácil para o anúncio de início poderia ser útil para a investigação terapêutica. Se nós poderia tela mais eficazmente para o anúncio de início, nós poderia interferir mais cedo no processo de doença.

<table><tbody><tr><td>3-chamber apparatus</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>19 x 45 cm, height 30 cm</td></tr><tr><td>wire cages to hold mouse</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>diameter of 12 cm, height 10 cm</td></tr><tr><td>ramp to hold food cup</td><td>custom made</td><td></td><td>10 x 10 cm, height 7 cm</td></tr><tr><td>food cups</td><td>sunlessbody via ebay</td><td>http://www.ebay.com.au/itm/Plastic-Sample-Jars-Pots-Cups-Containers-with-Hinged-Lid-x-200-Small-25ml-/251708415240</td><td>diameter of 3.8 cm, height 3.2 cm</td></tr><tr><td>lux meter</td><td>Volcraft</td><td>BL-10 L 0 - 40000 lx</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>paprika herb</td><td>Delhaize</td><td>ID:716703</td><td>Gemalen paprika,| 40 g</td></tr><tr><td>celery herb</td><td>Delhaize</td><td>ID:716301</td><td>Selderzout, 57 g</td></tr><tr><td>vide-tracking software</td><td>Ethovision (Noldus)</td><td>http://www.noldus.com/animal-behavior-research/products/ethovision-xt</td><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td>ANYmaze (Stoelting)</td><td>https://www.stoeltingco.com/any-maze-video-tracking-software-1218.html</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

assessment of social transmission of food preferences behaviors

Déficits de reconhecimento olfativo são sugeridos para ser capaz de servir como marcador clínico para diferenciar a doença de Alzheimer (AD) sujeitos de grupos de envelhecimento saudável. Por exemplo, disfunção olfativa em AD pode apresentar como deficiência no reconhecimento olfativo, emergindo durante as fases iniciais da doença e piora enquanto a doença progride. A transmissão social da tarefa de preferências (STFP) de alimentos baseia-se em uma forma rudimentar de comunicação entre roedores relativamente distantes alimentos dependentes da transmissão de sugestões olfactory. Rato do selvagem-tipo saudável preferem comer um romance, comida com sabor que anteriormente foi preparada por um conspecific, e esta preferência alimentar seria prejudicada em ratos transgénicos AD, tais como o modelo APP/PS1. Com efeito, verificou-se uma forte preferência pela comida marcada em camundongos C57Bl6/J de 3 meses de idade, e isto foi reduzido em ratos transgénicos de APP/PS1 3 meses de idade. Em resumo, STFP tarefa poderia ser uma medida poderosa para ser integrado em ensaios de deteção subclínica presente de AD.

Um exemplo da fase de exploração social é mostrado na figura 1A-B. Esta fase permite a estimativa de exploração social do mouse assunto com o mouse do demonstrador que consumiu só uma comida com sabor. No protocolo original, os ratos foram autorizados a explorar um ao outro livremente. O protocolo descrito neste documento, o mouse demonstrador foi contido em uma xícara de fio, permitindo que o nariz e contato genital-ano. Além disso, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors at JoVE.com

Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

Este trabalho apresenta um protocolo para a investigação de transmissão social de preferência alimentar em ratos. As vantagens e aplicações possíveis para este procedimento, por exemplo, na detecção de mudanças adiantadas em modelos do rato AD, são destacadas. Para concluir, a interpretação dos resultados à luz dos detalhes críticos são discutidos.

Avaliação da transmissão Social dos comportamentos de preferências alimentares

Olfactory recognition deficits are suggested to be able to serve as clinical marker to differentiate Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) subjects from healthy ...

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7.9K visualizações.  KU Leuven. Este trabalho apresenta um protocolo para a investigação de transmissão social de preferência alimentar em ratos. As vantagens e aplicações possíveis para este procedimento, por exemplo, na detecção de mudanças adiantadas em modelos do rato AD, são destacadas. Para concluir, a interpretação dos resultados à luz dos detalhes críticos são discutidos.

Vídeo: Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and stability of the networks and relationships that define societies. For animals, such as mice, recognition of conspecifics may be important for maintaining social hierarchy and for mate choice 1.
A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by disruptions in social behavior and social recognition, including depression, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and schizophrenia. Studies of humans as well as animal models (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus) have identified genes involved in the regulation of social behavior 2. To assess sociability in animal models, several behavioral tests have been developed (reviewed in 3). Integrative research using animal models and appropriate tests for social behavior may lead to the development of improved treatments for social psychopathologies.
The three-chamber paradigm test known as Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty protocol has been successfully employed to study social affiliation and social memory in several inbred and mutant mouse lines (e.g. 4-7). The main principle of this test is based on the free choice by a subject mouse to spend time in any of three box's compartments during two experimental sessions, including indirect contact with one or two mice with which it is unfamiliar. To quantitate social tendencies of the experimental mouse, the main tasks are to measure a) the time spent with a novel conspecific and b) preference for a novel vs. a familiar conspecific. Thus, the experimental design of this test allows evaluation of two critical but distinguishable aspects of social behavior, such as social affiliation/motivation, as well as social memory and novelty. "Sociability" in this case is defined as propensity to spend time with another mouse, as compared to time spent alone in an identical but empty chamber 7. "Preference for social novelty" is defined as propensity to spend time with a previously unencountered mouse rather than with a familiar mouse 7. This test provides robust results, which then must be carefully analyzed, interpreted and supported/confirmed by alternative sociability tests. In addition to specific applications, Crawley's sociability test can be included as an important component of general behavioral screen of mutant mice.

Here we describe a detailed protocol for examination of sociability in mice by using Crawley's sociability and preference for social novelty test. We describe the advantages and possible applications for this procedure, including critical details important for correct interpretation of the results.

Avaliação de comportamentos de interação social

Social interactions are a fundamental and adaptive component of the biology of numerous species. Social recognition is critical for the structure and ...

Neurociência

A Treatment Package without Escape Extinction to Address Food Selectivity

Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including autism. Behavior analytic interventions for the treatment of feeding difficulties oftentimes include escape extinction as a primary component of treatment. The use of escape extinction, while effective, may be problematic as it is also associated with the emergence of challenging behavior (e.g., extinction burst). Such challenging behavior may be an acceptable side effect in treatment cases where feeding problems are severe and chronic (e.g., failure to thrive). However, in more acute cases (e.g., selective eating), the negative side effect may be unwarranted and undesired. More recent research on the behavioral treatment of food selectivity has begun to evaluate treatments for feeding difficulties that do not include escape extinction (e.g., demand fading, behavioral momentum), with some success. However, research to date reveals individual differences in responsiveness to such treatments and no clear preferable treatment has emerged. This manuscript describes a multi-component treatment package that includes shaping, sequential presentation and simultaneous presentation, for the treatment of food selectivity in four young children with developmental delays. This treatment package extends the literature on the behavioral treatment for food selectivity and offers a multi-component treatment protocol that may be clinically applicable across a range of treatment scenarios and settings.

Feeding difficulties are a common problem for children with developmental disorders, including autism, and behavioral interventions often include escape extinction. Recent research has begun to evaluate treatments that do not include escape extinction. This manuscript describes a multicomponent treatment package that does not use escape extinction to treat feeding difficulties.

Um pacote de tratamento, sem escapar da extinção a Morada Food Seletividade

Feeding difficulties and feeding disorders are a commonly occurring problem for young children, particularly children with developmental delays including ...

Comportamento

Hyponeophagia: A Measure of Anxiety in the Mouse

Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often hampered by a phenomenon known as "bait shyness". Mice and rats cannot vomit, due to the tightness of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, so to overcome the problem of potential food toxicity they have evolved a strategy of first ingesting only very small amounts of novel substances. The amounts ingested then gradually increase until the animal has determined whether the substance is safe and nutritious. So the old rat-catchers would first put a palatable substance such as oatmeal, which was to be the vehicle for the toxin, in the infested area. Only when large amounts were being readily consumed would they then add the poison, in amounts calculated not to affect the taste of the vehicle. The poisoned bait, which the animals were now readily eating in large amounts, would then swiftly perform its function.
Bait shyness is now used in the behavioural laboratory as a way of measuring anxiety. A highly palatable but novel substance, such as sweet corn, nuts or sweetened condensed milk, is offered to the mice (or rats) in a novel situation, such as a new cage. The latency to consume a defined amount of the new food is then measured.
Robert M.J. Deacon can be reach at <a href="mailto:robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk">robert.deacon@psy.ox.ac.uk</a>

Mice and rats, due to their innate cautiousness, are initially slow in consuming a novel food, particularly in a novel place. This hyponeophagia can readily be measured in the laboratory, even though laboratory animals are much less anxious than their wild counterparts

Hyponeophagia: Uma Medida de ansiedade no rato

Before the present day, when fast-acting and potent rodenticides such as alpha-chloralose were not yet in use, the work of pest controllers was often ...

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Measure Taste Preferences in Children and Adults

The Monell two-series, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method provides a reliable measure of sweet taste preferences from childhood to adulthood. The method, which is identical for children, adolescents, and adults, is of short duration (&#60; 15 min), does not rely on sustained attention or place demands on memory (which would yield spurious age differences), and minimizes the impact of language development, making this method amenable to the cognitive limitations of pediatric populations. In this whole-mouth tasting method, subjects are asked to taste (without swallowing) pairs of solutions of different sucrose concentrations and to point to the solution they prefer. Each subsequent pair contains the participant&#39;s preceding preferred concentration and an adjacent stimulus concentration. The procedure continues until the subject chooses either a given concentration of sucrose when paired with both a higher and a lower concentration, or the highest or lowest concentration two consecutive times. Subjects are prevented from reaching response criteria on the basis of first or second position bias by the two-series design of the method, which counterbalances the order of solution presentation within each pair between the series (the weaker concentration is presented first in Series 1, second in Series 2). The geometric mean of the two sucrose concentrations chosen in Series 1 and 2 is an estimate of the participant&#39;s most preferred level of sucrose. Sucrose preference as determined with this laboratory-based measure has been shown to be associated with preference for sugars in foods and beverages and with taste receptor genotype, family history of alcoholism, and race/ethnicity, as well as depressive symptomatology among pediatric populations. The method has real-world relevance and has been applied to determine most preferred level of other tastes (e.g., salt), making it a valuable psychophysical tool.

Sweet taste has powerful hedonic appeal among people of all ages, particularly children. Described herein is a reliable and valid method that can be used to determine the level of sweetness most preferred, making it a valuable psychophysical tool for scientists.

Psicofísica Rastreamento método para medir preferências alimentares nas crianças e adultos

The Monell two-series, forced-choice, paired-comparison tracking method provides a reliable measure of sweet taste preferences from childhood to ...

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of social behavior requires behavioral tests that can be applied to animal models in an unbiased and observer-independent manner. Since the beginning of the millennium, the three-chamber test has been widely used as a standard paradigm to evaluate sociability (social preference) and social novelty preference in small rodents. However, this test suffers from multiple limitations, including its dependence on spatial navigation and negligence of behavioral dynamics. Presented and validated here is a novel experimental system that offers an alternative to the three-chamber test, while also solving some of its caveats. The system requires a simple and affordable experimental apparatus and publicly available open-source analysis system, which automatically measures and analyzes multiple behavioral parameters at individual and population levels. It allows detailed analysis of the behavioral dynamics of small rodents during any social discrimination test. We demonstrate the efficiency of the system in analyzing the dynamics of social behavior during the social preference and social novelty preference tests as performed by adult male mice and rats. Moreover, we validate the ability of the system to reveal modified dynamics of social behavior in rodents following manipulations such as whisker trimming. Thus, the system allows for rigorous investigation of social behavior and dynamics in small rodent models and supports more accurate comparisons between strains, conditions, and treatments.

Described here is a novel automated experimental system that offers an alternative to the three-chamber test and also solves several caveats. This system supplies multiple behavioral parameters that enable rigorous analysis of small rodent behavioral dynamics during the social preference and social novelty preference tests.

Um sistema para acompanhar a dinâmica do comportamento de preferência social em pequenos roedores

Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of social behavior requires behavioral tests that can be applied to animal models in an unbiased and ...

Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. Recent technological innovations allow for the development of more accurate and precise dietary and eating behavior assessment tools that require less effort for both the user and the researcher. Therefore, a new sensor-based device to assess food intake and eating behavior was developed. The device is a regular dining tray equipped with a video camera and three separate built-in weighing stations. The weighing stations measure the weight of the bowl, plate, and drinking cup continuously over the course of a meal. The video camera positioned to the face records eating behavior characteristics (chews, bites), which are analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic facial expression software. The tray weight and the video data are transported at real-time to a personal computer (PC) using a wireless receiver. The outcomes of interest, such as the amount eaten, eating rate and bite size, can be calculated by subtracting the data of these measures at the timepoints of interest. The information obtained by the current version of the tray can be used for research purposes, an upgraded version of the device would also facilitate the provision of more personalized advice on dietary intake and eating behavior. Contrary to the conventional dietary assessment methods, this dietary assessment device measures food intake directly within a meal and is not dependent on memory or the portion size estimation. Ultimately, this device is therefore suited for daily main meal food intake and eating behavior measures. In the future, this technology based dietary assessment method can be linked to health applications or smart watches to obtain a complete overview of exercise, energy intake, and eating behavior.

This protocol shows and explains a new technology-based dietary assessment method. The method consists of a dining tray with multiple built-in weighing scales and a video camera. The device is unique in the sense that it incorporates automated measures of food and drink intake and eating behavior over the course of a meal.

Desenvolvimento conceitual e uso de um método automatizado de avaliação de consumo de alimentos e comportamento alimentar

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. ...

Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila

Olfactory and gustatory perception of the environment is vital for animal survival. The most obvious application of these chemosenses is to be able to distinguish good food sources from potentially dangerous food sources. Gustation requires physical contact with a chemical compound which is able to signal through taste receptors that are expressed on the surface of neurons. In insects, these gustatory neurons can be located across the animal's body allowing taste to play an important role in many different behaviors. Insects typically prefer compounds containing sugars, while compounds that are considered bitter tasting are avoided. Given the basic biological importance of taste, there is intense interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this sensory modality. We describe an adult Drosophila taste assay which reflects the preference of the animals for a given tastant compound. This assay may be applied to animals of any genetic background to examine the taste preference for a desired soluble compound.

Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila

Taste is an important sensory process which facilitates attraction to beneficial substances and avoidance of toxic substances. This protocol describes a simple ingestion assay for determining Drosophila gustatory preference for a given chemical compound.

Ensaio de Preferência gosto para Adulto<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Olfactory and gustatory perception of the environment is vital for animal survival.  The most obvious application of these chemosenses is to be able to ...

A Rapid Food-Preference Assay in Drosophila

To select food with nutritional value while avoiding the consumption of harmful agents, animals need a sophisticated and robust taste system to evaluate their food environment. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a genetically tractable model organism that is widely used to decipher the molecular, cellular, and neural underpinnings of food preference. To analyze fly food preference, a robust feeding method is needed. Described here is a two-choice feeding assay, which is rigorous, cost-saving, and fast. The assay is Petri-dish-based and involves the addition of two different foods supplemented with blue or red dye to the two halves of the dish. Then, ~70 prestarved, 2-4-day-old flies are placed in the dish and&#160;allowed to choose between blue and red foods in the dark for about 90 min. Examination of the abdomen of each fly is followed by the calculation of the preference index. In contrast to multiwell plates, each Petri dish takes only ~20 s to fill and saves time and effort. This feeding assay can be employed to quickly determine whether flies like or dislike a particular food.

A Rapid Food-Preference Assay in Drosophila

We present a protocol for a two-choice feeding assay for flies. This feeding assay is fast and easy to run and is suitable not only for small-scale laboratory research, but also for high-throughput behavioral screens in flies.

Um ensaio rápido de preferência alimentar em Drosophila

To select food with nutritional value while avoiding the consumption of harmful agents, animals need a sophisticated and robust taste system to evaluate ...

Feeding Test: Assessment of Feeding Preferences in Drosophila melanogaster

Source: Bovier, T. F., et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/59535/" target="_blank">Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2019).
This video describes a feeding assay for fruit flies in which colored food is used to monitor feeding and the effect added compounds may have on feeding activity. The example protocol tests the effects of several endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC).

Teste de alimentação: avaliação das preferências alimentares em Drosophila melanogaster

Source: Bovier, T. F., et al. Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Vis. Exp. (2019).
This video describes a feeding assay ...

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Biologia

Drosophila melanogaster (mosca da fruta)

Adulto

Taste Preference Assay: A Method for Measuring Feeding Behavior in Drosophila

Source: Bantel, A. P. and Tessier, C. R. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/54403/" target="_blank">Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).
This video describes the taste preference assay, a behavioral method used to measure attraction or avoidance towards colored solutions that taste differently by assessing the fly&#39;s abdominal coloration after ingestion of the preferred substance. The featured protocol demonstrates the procedure used to measure flies&#39; preference towards solutions of varying sucrose concentrations.

Ensaio de Preferência de Sabor: Um Método para Medir o Comportamento Alimentar em Drosophila

Source: Bantel, A. P. and Tessier, C. R. Taste Preference Assay for Adult Drosophila. J. Vis. Exp. (2016).
This video describes the taste preference ...