Core - Analytical Chemistry

    Chapter 15

    Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Methods

    15.1 : Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation01:18

    15.1 : Mass Spectrometry: Long-Chain Alkane Fragmentation

    The molecular ions of linear alkanes prefer to fragment at the carbon-carbon bond away from the end of the chain since the cleavage of an inner bond ...

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    15.2 : Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

    15.2 : Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

    This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which ...

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    15.3 : Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation01:05

    15.3 : Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkane Fragmentation

    In mass spectrometry, cycloalkanes exhibit distinct fragmentation patterns due to the inherent stability of their molecular ions compared to linear or ...

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    15.4 : Mass Spectrometry: Alkene Fragmentation00:59

    15.4 : Mass Spectrometry: Alkene Fragmentation

    Alkenes lose one electron from the unsaturated π bond upon ionization and form stable molecular ions. Further fragmentation of alkenes occurs through ...

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    15.5 : Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkene Fragmentation00:54

    15.5 : Mass Spectrometry: Cycloalkene Fragmentation

    The molecular ions of cycloalkenes undergo fragmentation via a retro-Diels–Alder reaction. The reaction proceeds via the cleavage of two ...

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    15.6 : Mass Spectrometry: Alkyne Fragmentation00:53

    15.6 : Mass Spectrometry: Alkyne Fragmentation

    The fragmentation of alkynes preferentially occurs at the carbon–carbon bond between the α and β carbon of the alkyne bond to generate a ...

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    15.7 : Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation01:03

    15.7 : Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation

    Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the ...

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    15.8 : Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation01:23

    15.8 : Mass Spectrometry: Aromatic Compound Fragmentation

    Upon ionization, aromatic compounds generate a molecular ion that is observed as a prominent peak in their mass spectra. For example, the molecular ion ...

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    15.9 : Mass Spectrometry: Amine Fragmentation00:55

    15.9 : Mass Spectrometry: Amine Fragmentation

    Amines can be identified using mass spectroscopy based on their characteristic fragmentation patterns. The molecular ions of amines undergo fragmentation ...

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    15.10 : Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation01:22

    15.10 : Mass Spectrometry: Alkyl Halide Fragmentation

    Chlorine isotopes exist as 35Cl and 37Cl in a 3:1 ratio, while bromine isotopes exist as 79Br and 81Br in a 1:1 ratio. The mass spectrum of alkyl halides ...

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    15.11 : Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation01:09

    15.11 : Mass Spectrometry: Aldehyde and Ketone Fragmentation

    In mass spectrometry, the fragmentation of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones generally occurs through three key mechanisms: α-cleavage, inductive ...

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    15.12 : Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation01:01

    15.12 : Mass Spectrometry: Carboxylic Acid, Ester, and Amide Fragmentation

    The fragmentation patterns observed for compounds such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides in the mass spectra include ⍺-cleavage and McLafferty ...

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    15.13 : Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

    15.13 : Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

    The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ...

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    15.14 : Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

    15.14 : Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

    Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional ...

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    15.15 : Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)01:08

    15.15 : Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)

    Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a powerful analytical technique used in mass spectrometry. It enables the identification and ...

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