Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto da NIH concedere EB007278.

Fare un BFC BFCs sono realizzati per stampaggio polidimetilsilossano (PDMS) su un &quot;4 wafer di silicio maestro. Fare un wafer maestro <ol><li> Inizia la disidratazione wafer silicio per 30 minuti a 130 ° C. </li><li> Posizionare la cialda su uno spin-verniciatore, versare SU8-2050 (MicroChem) sul wafer, rampa da 300 giri / s di 3000-4000 giri al minuto, e far girare per 30 s per produrre altezze caratteristica di 40-30 mm, rispettivamente. </li><li> Dopo la filatura, posizionare il wafer su una piastra a 65 ° C, immediatamente rampa fino alla temperatura di 95 ° C per 5-6 minuti, e poi rampa di discesa a 65 ° C. </li><li> Esporre il wafer ad una dose UV di 200 mJ / cm 2 su un assetto contatto con un campo scuro maschera. </li><li> Posizionare il wafer su una piastra a 65 ° C, immediatamente rampa fino alla temperatura di 95 ° C per 4-5 minuti, e poi rampa di discesa a 65 ° C. </li><li> Sviluppare le cialde in acetato PM e isopropanolo. </li><li> Silanize le cialde per 30 minuti utilizzando esametildisilossano (Shin-Etsu MicroSi), oppure (Tridecafluoro-1 ,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)-1-triclorosilano (t2492-KG, Specialità UCT, Bristol, PA), per evitare di PDMS aderendo alla wafer maestro Si. </li></ol> Stampaggio chip <ol><li> Mix PDMS (Dow Corning, Sylgard 184) in un rapporto di 10:1, versatelo sopra il wafer di silicio maestro (~ 15 g per wafer), e lasciarlo curare tutta la notte a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Sbucciare le PDMS curato fuori dal wafer di Si e tagliare ogni chip con una lama di rasoio. </li><li> Legame ogni chip ad un vetrino da microscopio 1x1 centimetri taglio per una facile movimentazione. </li></ol> Preparazione del BFC per l&#39;uso <ol><li> Mettere a bagno durante la notte BFC in PBS al fine di prevenire l&#39;assorbimento del supporto nella PDMS durante l&#39;esperimento. </li><li> Asciugare il chip con un Kimwipe (Kimtech Scienza). </li><li> Mettere una goccia di 7,5% di albumina sierica bovina (BSA) (~ 200 mL) sulla superficie modellata del BFC, e poi raschiare con un puntale per disperdere la BSA ed eliminare eventuali bolle dai pozzetti. </li><li> Lasciare la BSA sulla superficie BFC per almeno 0,5 ore. Idealmente agitare la BSA ogni 15 minuti per evitare formazione di croste. </li><li> Per il montaggio del BFC all&#39;interno di un piatto 35x10 millimetri TCPS (Falcon, 35-3001), tagliare i cerchioni di un modo TCPS mezzo piatto in modo che la ¾ &quot;clip legante (Office Depot) si adatta sopra il bordo piatto per il bloccaggio del chip e piatto insieme. </li><li> Tagliare una guarnizione distanziale (struttura a forma di 20&#39;20 con bordo esterno millimetri, 15&#39;15 millimetri bordo interno, e 250-500 mm di spessore) da un foglio di PDMS (Prodotti speciali in silicone) o silicone, e applicarlo al piatto con delle pinzette. </li></ol> Cellule patterning con un BFC <ol><li> Sterilizzare il piatto, la guarnizione, BSA rivestite chip, e 2 clip legante ai raggi UV per 1 minuto. </li><li> Aspirare la BSA e risciacquare il BFC due volte con 200 ml di PBS. </li><li> Aggiungere la gelatina al piatto TCPS taglio, se necessario per il vostro cellulare-line. In caso contrario, bagnare la superficie TCPS con alcuni mezzi di comunicazione prima di applicarlo al chip (vedi sotto). Questo impedisce la formazione di bolle nella camera. </li><li> Dopo aspirare il PBS, pipetta 200 ml di soluzione delle cellule (~ 1 × 10 6 cellule / ml) sulla superficie BFC. Lasciate che le cellule accontentarsi di 5-10 min. </li><li> Inclinare il BFC a un angolo ad un angolo di circa 15 ° e lentamente pipetta la soluzione di cellule con una pipetta 200 ml. Poi, posizionare il piatto BFC e aggiungere 100 ml di PBS o supporti vergini fino all&#39;angolo opposto BFC. Sciacquare il BFC in questo modo un ulteriore 2-4 volte, se necessario, per eliminare tutte le cellule dalla inter-e regioni. </li><li> Pipettare 200 ml di media sulla superficie del chip. Aspirare gelatina / supporto dal TCPS. Poi invertire la pre-bagnato piatto e spingere lentamente l&#39;alto BFC, nel piatto. </li><li> Applicare un legante clip di ciascuno, ai due lati della camera per sigillarla. Togliere le punte di metallo dalle clip legante in modo che resti piatto livello quando capovolto. </li><li> Infine, capovolgere rapidamente la configurazione sopra evitando movimenti inutili, e metterlo in incubatrice. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Rosenthal, A., Macdonald, A., Voldman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+Patterning+Chip+for+Controlling+the+Stem+Cell+Microenvironment.">Cell Patterning Chip for Controlling the Stem Cell Microenvironment.</a> Biomaterials. 28, 3208-3216 (2007).</li></ol>

Anche se il protocollo e il video qui descritto l&#39;utilizzo della BFC 1 a modello le cellule staminali embrionali di topo (mESCs), BFCs può essere usato per modello praticamente qualunque tipo di cellule di interesse. L&#39;unico cambiamento che si possano desiderare di fare è quella di modificare la dimensione dei pozzetti. Nella nostra esperienza, per usare il BFC alle cellule singolo modello di un altro tipo di cellula, un diametro di pozzetti ed altezza pari a 10 micron superiore al diametro delle cellule distaccato funz...

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<td>PDMS</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Falcon</td>
<td>35-3001</td>
<td>35 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3/4" binder clips</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>PBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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patterning of embryonic stem cells using the bio flip chip

Interazioni cellula-cellula composta di segnalazione diffondibile e cellula-cellula contatto (juxtacrine segnalazione) sono importanti in numerosi processi biologici come la crescita del tumore, la differenziazione delle cellule staminali e cellule staminali auto-rinnovamento. Un certo numero di metodi esistono attualmente per modulare segnalazione cellulare in vitro. Un metodo di modulare la quantità totale di segnalazione diffusibile è quello di variare la densità di semina delle cellule in coltura. A causa della natura casuale di semina delle cellule, questo si traduce in notevoli differenze nella effettiva cellula-cellula spaziatura e la quantità di contatto cellula-cellula, e non può prescrivere l&#39;ambiente locale. Un approccio più specifico per la segnalazione cellulare modulare è quello di utilizzare gli inibitori molecolari o approcci genetici per abbattere specifiche proteine ​​di segnalazione, ma entrambi questi metodi sono più adatti per la manipolazione di un piccolo numero di molecole. Qui, dimostriamo un nuovo approccio alla modulazione cellula-cellula di segnalazione che modula l&#39;ambiente locale di un cluster di cellule mettendo un diverso numero di celle nelle posizioni desiderate su un substrato. Questo metodo fornisce un modo complementare per controllare la segnalazione locale diffusibile e juxtacrine tra le cellule. Il nostro metodo si avvale della Bio Chip Flip (BFC), un chip di silicone microfabbricazione contenente centinaia a migliaia di pozzetti, ciascuno di dimensioni a detenere un singola cella o un piccolo numero di cellule. Carichiamo il chip con le cellule semplicemente pipettando loro sulla serie di pozzi e di lavaggio delle cellule scaricato fuori l&#39;array. Il chip viene poi girato su un substrato, per cui le cellule caduta dalle fonti e sul substrato, mantenendo la loro patterning. Dopo che le cellule hanno attaccato, il chip può essere rimosso (o sinistra). Questo approccio alla patterning cellulare è unico in quanto: 1) non altera la chimica del substrato, permettendo così alle cellule di proliferare e migrare, 2) permette di patterning su qualsiasi supporto, compreso il tessuto-cultura polistirolo, vetro, Matrigel, e anche alimentatore strati di cellule, e 3) è compatibile con stampa microcontact tradizionali, permettendo la creazione di isole matrice extracellulare con cellule poste all&#39;interno quelle isole. In questo video, dimostriamo il modello delle cellule staminali embrionali di topo sul tessuto-cultura polistirolo utilizzando il BFC.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip at JoVE.com

Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip

Abbiamo dimostrato un metodo semplice per l&#39;immissione delle cellule nelle posizioni desiderate su un substrato. Questo metodo di modelli di cellule lanciando un chip di silicone che contiene pozzetti pieni di cellule sul substrato. Questo metodo fornisce un nuovo metodo per modulare la segnalazione diffusibile e juxtacrine tra le cellule.

Patterning di cellule staminali embrionali che utilizzano il chip Bio flip

Cell-cell interactions consisting of diffusible signaling and cell-cell contact (juxtacrine signaling) are important in numerous biological processes such ...

patterning-of-embryonic-stem-cells-using-the-bio-flip-chip

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

9.4K Views.  MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Abbiamo dimostrato un metodo semplice per l'immissione delle cellule nelle posizioni desiderate su un substrato. Questo metodo di modelli di cellule lanciando un chip di silicone che contiene pozzetti pieni di cellule sul substrato. Questo metodo fornisce un nuovo metodo per modulare la segnalazione diffusibile e juxtacrine tra le cellule.

Video: Patterning of Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bio Flip Chip

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

Yeah, so I'm Lauren Deon. I'm in charge of the Human Amgen stem cell co facility at MGH. Yeah, so I'm Lauren, I'm in charge of the Human AM stem cell co facility at MGH.So I've been working with human Amgen stem cells for years now since I was a postdoc in George De Lab before, from four, four years. And so right now we have two cell lines, H one and H nine, which are both from Y cell. And so the way we are expanding or maintaining these cells in culture is by, at least the way we are splitting these cells is by using collagenous.So what I usually do is for the first few passage after throwing the cells, I use a technical, the picking colonies. So in this case, I can check under the microscope which colonies are good and differentiate and nice shape, and I will collect only these colonies and I will cut them in few pieces and put them back in, in a fresh flat. And the, the colonies that look kind of differentiate it are just left them alone.The other way to pass the cells is by using trypsin. So I don't use this technique here. I think collagenase is a little bit safer because human being stem cells don't like to be individualized or they don't like to be alone.So if you do trypsin, if you use trypsin for a little bit too long, if you use it for like three to four minutes, which is the way we use strips in for other type of cells, human stem cells will be individualized and most of them will die or just differentiate or will not attach to the myth. So the idea is you have to keep the cells as clumps. You don't want them to be alone in the in, in the flask.So using collagenase, the advantage is to keep cells as plants. Using chipsy, you just select for cells that will survive this very, very harsh process of g opsonization. So these cells are usually very highly proliferative.So you get, you can adapt your cells to this tripsin process. The problem is that you have cells that they behave differently, they go much faster. And one risk is that you can get some commercial abnormality to, to this, to this very high division process.So you say that ization can cause selection of cells in culture for most proliferative cells.Right. More ative and probably also higher survival rates than other cells. So after proliferation, basically culture after proliferation in tripsin, after several passages become a different culture, these different properties.So it's, it's hard to figure out if they are exactly identical. If you do the test, the usual test, let's say you check markers, regular markers of end differentiated cells like OC four, nano one 60 SC four C, C3, all this molecule might still be expressed. If you do TER formation, this cells might still differentiate and be formed like al like normal cells.If you look at the karyotype, you might have some abnormality, but you might still have a normal karyotype. The, the, the selective advantage might be due to just a mutation that you cannot see by doing a karyotype. So the fact that they grow much faster is by itself I think a little bit worser.And if we want to use these cells for transplantation at some point, I would definitely not use this type of cells.Okay. So would you like to tell me what are the main technical problems with using this technique for, for passages of cells? So using S, yes.It's just a little bit longer and also it's, since the cells are not going as fast, it's just much longer to get a high number of cells to do some experiment. So it's just less convenient I would say. Would you like to tell me about few words about the goals of your experiment?How do you use CS cells? Okay, so my main project here is to get endothelial cells from human AB stem cells. And the idea is to be able to make blood.And we are working a lot with tissue bioengineering labs and one of their goal is to make tissue in vitro. But one of the limitation to this is the lack of blood vessels going through this tissues. So if we can bring endothelial cells or put endothelial cells in this tissue, we would have better growth of this tissue.So the idea few sources of cells are known for endothelial cells like cold blood or pressure blood, but it would be interesting to have another source of cells like human years. And the advantage is since human years can be expanded and most infinitely, you could modify these cells, make some inducible system and be able to use it. Then in your final product, your material cells, in this case.

Propagazione di staminali embrionali umane (ES) Cellule

Ricerca

Biologia

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the blastocyst of the early embryo and are pluripotent in differentiative ability.  Their vast differentiative potential has made them the focus of much research centered on deducing how to coax them to generate clinically useful cell types.  The successful derivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from mouse ESC has recently been accomplished and can be visualized in this video protocol.  HSC, arguably the most clinically exploited cell population, are used to treat a myriad of hematopoietic malignancies and disorders.  However, many patients that might benefit from HSC therapy lack access to suitable donors.  ESC could provide an alternative source of HSC for these patients.  The following protocol establishes a baseline from which ESC-HSC can be studied and inform efforts to isolate HSC from human ESC.  In this protocol, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) for 6 days in commercially available serum pre-screened for optimal hematopoietic differentiation.  EBs are then dissociated and infected with retroviral HoxB4.  Infected EB-derived cells are plated on OP9 stroma, a bone marrow stromal cell line derived from the calvaria of  M-CSF-/- mice, and co-cultured in the presence of hematopoiesis promoting cytokines for ten days.  During this co-culture, the infected cells expand greatly, resulting in the generation a heterogeneous pool of 100s of millions of cells.  These cells can then be used to rescue and reconstitute lethally irradiated mice.

This protocol details the derivation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and their subsequent injection into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Briefly, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies, which are then infected with retroviral HoxB4 and co-cultured with OP9 stromal cells and hematopoietic cytokines.

Derivazione di cellule staminali ematopoietiche da cellule staminali embrionali murini

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are ...

CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Capture Using a Disposable Microfluidic Chip for HIV

CD4 + T-linfociti Capture utilizzando un chip monouso Microfluidic per l&#39;HIV

RNA Extraction from Neuroprecursor Cells Using the Bio-Rad Total RNA Kit

Estrazione RNA da cellule Neuroprecursor Utilizzando il Bio-Rad RNA totale Kit

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass. 


The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both medical applications and as a research 
tool for addressing fundamental questions in development and disease. Here, we provide a 
concise, step-by-step protocol for the derivation of human embryonic stem cells from embryos 
by immunosurgical isolation of the inner cell mass.

Derivazione di cellule staminali embrionali umane da Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

Immunoprecipitazione della cromatina di cellule staminali embrionali umane

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem (mES) Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, This promising of science is leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell-based therapies to treat disease.

When culture in suspension without antidifferentiation factors, embryonic stem cells spontaneously differentiate and form three-dimensional multicellular aggregates. These cell aggregates are called embryoid bodies(EB). Hanging drop culture is a widely used EB formation induction method. The rounded bottom of hanging drop allows the aggregation of ES cells which can provide mES cells a good environment for forming EBs. The number of ES cells aggregatied in a hanging drop can be controlled by varying the number of cells in the initial cell suspension to be hung as a drop from the lid of Petri dish. Using this method we can reproducibly form homogeneous EBs from a predetermined number of ES cells. 

In vitro Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem mES Cells Using the Hanging Drop Method

This video demonstrates how to conduct in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to embryoid bodies using the hanging drop method.

La differenziazione in vitro di staminali embrionali di topo (MES) Cellule con il metodo goccia

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either ...

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be  fed  every day by performing a complete medium change to replenish lost nutrients and to keep the cultures free of unwanted differentiation factors. Although a small amount of differentiation is normal and expected in stem cell cultures, the culture should be routinely cleaned up by manually removing, or "picking" differentiated areas. Identifying and removing excess differentiation from hES cell cultures are essential techniques in the maintenance of a healthy population of cells.

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This protocol demonstrates how to maintain healthy, undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Cultura e manutenzione di cellule staminali embrionali umane

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Congelamento e scongelamento cellule staminali embrionali umane

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos.  Developing gonadal ridges from mouse embryos (C57BL6J) were dissociated by mechanical disruption with collagenase, then plated in a mouse embryo fibroblast feeder layer (MEF-CF1) that was previously mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C in the presence of knockout media and supplemented with Leukemia Inhibitor Factor (LIF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Stem Cell Factor (SCF).  Using these optimized methods for PCG identification, isolation, and establishment of culture conditions permits long term cultures of EG cells for more than 40 days.  The embryonic germinal cell lines showed embryonic phenotype and expression of common used markers of the pluripotent state.  Isolation and derivation of germinal cells in culture provide a tool to understand their development in vitro and offer the opportunity to monitor cumulative damage at genetic and epigenetic levels after exposure to oxidative stress.

The ability of embryonic germinal cells to differentiate into primordial germinal cells during early development stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum mouse embryos.

L&#39;isolamento e la derivazione di cellule embrionali del mouse Germinal

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...