This work was supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31801034), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (2016J01161), the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University (15BS306) and Postgraduates&#8217; Innovative Fund in Scientific Research of Huaqiao University.

The animal procedure was approved by the Animal Care and Welfare Committee of Huaqiao University.
1. Riboprobe preparation
<ol>
	<li>Primer design
	<ol>
		<li>Open the program Primer 3 (http://bioinfo.ut.ee/primer3-0.4.0/primer3/). Copy the dmrt1 sequence (GenBank: MK182259) into the sequence window.</li>
		<li>Set primer length (23-25 bp), melting temperature (55-60 &#176;C), and G/C content (40-60%). Click Pick Primers. 
		NOTE: The minimal size required for ...

<ol>
	<li>Tsai, C. J., Harding, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+hybridization.">In situ hybridization.</a> Methods in Cell Biology. 113, 339-359 (2013).</li><li>Koshiba-Takeuchi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-mount+and+section+in+situ+hybridization+in+mouse+embryos+for+detecting+mRNA+expression+and+localization.">Whole-mount and section in situ hybridization in mouse embryos for detecting mRNA expression and localization.</a> Methods in Cell Biology. 1752, 123-131 (2018).</li><li>Wu, J., Feng, J. Q., Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+hybridization+on+mouse+paraffin+sections+using+DIG-labeled+RNA+probes.">In situ hybridization on mouse paraffin sections using DIG-labeled RNA probes.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 1922, 163-171 (2019).</li><li>Thisse, C., Thisse, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+resolution+in+situ+hybridization+on+whole-mount+zebrafish+embryo.">High resolution in situ hybridization on whole-mount zebrafish embryo.</a> Nature Protocols. 3, 59-69 (2008).</li><li>Luc, H., Sears, C., Raczka, A., Gross, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wholemount+in+situ+hybridization+for+Astyanax+embryos.">Wholemount in situ hybridization for Astyanax embryos.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (145), (2019).</li><li>Abler, L. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high+throughput+in+situ+hybridization+method+to+characterize+mRNA+expression+patterns+in+the+fetal+mouse+lower+urogenital+tract.">A high throughput in situ hybridization method to characterize mRNA expression patterns in the fetal mouse lower urogenital tract.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (54), (2011).</li><li>Du, X., Chen, Z., Deng, Y., Wang, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+analysis+of+genetic+diversity+and+population+structure+of+Sipunculus+nudus+as+revealed+by+mitochondrial+COI+sequences.">Comparative analysis of genetic diversity and population structure of Sipunculus nudus as revealed by mitochondrial COI sequences.</a> Biochemical Genetics. 47, 884 (2009).</li><li>Lemer, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Re-evaluating+the+phylogeny+of+Sipuncula+through+transcriptomics.">Re-evaluating the phylogeny of Sipuncula through transcriptomics.</a> Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83, 174-183 (2015).</li><li>Jiang, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radioprotective+effects+of+Sipunculus+nudus+L.+polysaccharide+combined+with+WR-2721,+rhIL-11+and+rhG-CSF+on+radiation-injured+mice.">Radioprotective effects of Sipunculus nudus L. polysaccharide combined with WR-2721, rhIL-11 and rhG-CSF on radiation-injured mice.</a> Journal of Radiation Research. 56, 515-522 (2015).</li><li>Zhang, C. X., Dai, Z. R., Cai, Q. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-inflammatory+and+anti-nociceptive+activities+of+Sipunculus+nudus+L.+extract.">Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Sipunculus nudus L. extract.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 137, 1177-1182 (2011).</li><li>Ying, X. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+fine+structure+of+coelomocytes+in+the+sipunculid+Phascolosoma+esculenta.">The fine structure of coelomocytes in the sipunculid Phascolosoma esculenta.</a> Micron. 41, 71-78 (2010).</li><li>Raymond, C. S., Murphy, M. W., O'Sullivan, M. G., Bardwell, V. J., Zarkower, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dmrt1,+a+gene+related+to+worm+and+fly+sexual+regulators,+is+required+for+mammalian+testis+differentiation.">Dmrt1, a gene related to worm and fly sexual regulators, is required for mammalian testis differentiation.</a> Genes &amp; Development. 14, 2587-2595 (2000).</li><li>Kopp, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dmrt+genes+in+the+development+and+evolution+of+sexual+dimorphism.">Dmrt genes in the development and evolution of sexual dimorphism.</a> Trends in Genetics. 28, 175-184 (2012).</li><li>Wu, G. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testicular+dmrt1+is+involved+in+the+sexual+fate+of+the+ovotestis+in+the+protandrous+black+porgy.">Testicular dmrt1 is involved in the sexual fate of the ovotestis in the protandrous black porgy.</a> Biology of Reproduction. 86, 41 (2012).</li><li>Li, W. H., Wu, Y. Q., Ma, G. X., Yuan, M. R., Xu, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cloning+and+expression+analysis+of+peanut+worms+transcription+factor+dmrt1.">Cloning and expression analysis of peanut worms transcription factor dmrt1.</a> Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica. 43, 1210-1215 (2019).</li><li>Wang, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNAscope:+a+novel+in+situ+RNA+analysis+platform+for+formalin-fixed,+paraffin-embedded+tissues.">RNAscope: a novel in situ RNA analysis platform for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.</a> Journal of Molecular Diagnostics. 14, 22-29 (2012).</li><li>Baleriola, J., Jean, Y., Troy, C., Hengst, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+axonally+localized+mRNAs+in+brain+sections+using+high-resolution+in+situ+hybridization.">Detection of axonally localized mRNAs in brain sections using high-resolution in situ hybridization.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (100), e52799 (2015).</li><li>Wilkinson, D. G., Nieto, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+messenger+RNA+by+in+situ+hybridization+to+tissue+sections+and+whole+mounts.">Detection of messenger RNA by in situ hybridization to tissue sections and whole mounts.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 225, 361 (1993).</li></ol>

Previous studies showed that ISH is suitable for detecting multiple target RNAs16,17,18. In this protocol, we described a high-resolution ISH method to detect the mRNA in coelomic fluid and emphasize the optimized hybridization conditions in Sipunculus nudus. The obvious signals of dmrt1 we observed demonstrated the successful application of this protocol in the detection of gene expression (<strong class="xfig...

ISH, using a labeled nucleic acid probe to detect the specific DNA or RNA sequence of interest, is a useful method to describe the spatial expression pattern of target genes in morphologically preserved tissues1,2,3. Normally, the target sequence is generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then used as the template to synthesize the antisense/sense RNA probe labeled with digoxigenin uridine-5&#8217;-triphosphate. Samples are fixed and permeabilized before incubation with riboprobe. After washing off the excess probe, hybridization is visualized by immunohistochemistry using an anti-digoxygenin antibody, which is alkaline phosphatase-conjugated3,4,5,6.
Sipunculus nudus (Phylum Sipuncula; order Sipunculida: Sipunculidae) is an unsegmented, coelomate and bilaterally symmetrical marine worm7,8. Sipunculus nudus is a cosmopolitan species widely distributed in tropical and temperate coastal waters. It is also an important marine fishery resource in southern China because of its high nutritional and medicinal values9,10. However, Sipunculus nudus in molecular biology is still in its infancy. To fully understand the biological role of genes, the investigation of genes expression patterns at a cellular resolution is of great interest. In the non-model organism Sipunculus nudus, the ISH method, which is an ideal method to detect the genes expression patterns, has not yet been established. Its coelomic fluid contains several cell types, including granulocytes, urn cells, vesicular cells, germ cells, erythrocytes, etc11. The double sex/mab-3 related transcription factor-1 (dmrt1), used as a representative gene in this method, is a highly conserved transcriptional regulator of sex determination and differentiation in most species ranging from invertebrates to mammals12,13. In a range of species (i.e., black porgy, etc.)14, dmrt1 was expressed in the Sertoli cells, surrounding the germinal cells, whose function is similar to trophoblast cells of Sipunculus nudus. Therefore, we hypothesized that dmrt1 of Sipunculus nudus is expressed in trophoblast cells of spermatozeugmata, and the result of the ISH method clearly confirmed the hypothesis.
This protocol for the first time describes ISH, with digoxigenin-labeled antisense/sense mRNA probes, to determine mRNA expression patterns in its coelomic fluid smear. The optimal reaction conditions are supplied, which allow very sensitive visualization of mRNA expression at high resolution. The developed ISH method could be potentially applied in more Sipunculida species other than Sipunculus nudus.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:704px;" width="703">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:255px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:121px;">Biowest</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">111860</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Anti-digoxigenin-AP Fab fragments</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11093274910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BCIP/NBT alkaline phosphatase color development kit</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>C3206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B2064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5415R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>5949-29-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Citric acid trisodium</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>4/3/6132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Coverslips</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FCGF60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deionized formamide</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>12/7/1975</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Diethyl pyrocarbonate, DEPC</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D5758</td>
			<td>Noxious substance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Digoxigenin (DIG) RNA Labeling Mix</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11277073910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DNase I, RNase-free</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>18047019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>431788</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Electrophoresis gel imaging</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>Universal Hood III</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gel extraction kits</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>D2500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gel-electrophoresis apparatus</td>
			<td>Beijing Liuyi Instrument Factory</td>
			<td>DYY-6C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>56-81-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G5417</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>8/1/9041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>7447-40-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>7778-77-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LiCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>203637</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Maleic acid</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>110-16-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Methanol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>67-56-1</td>
			<td>Noxious substance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>7786-30-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>7558-79-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Biofount</td>
			<td>JT0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaOH</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.</td>
			<td>1310-73-2</td>
			<td>Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraffin film</td>
			<td>Bemis Company, Inc.</td>
			<td>PM-996</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde, PFA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>158127</td>
			<td>Noxious substance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR Instrument</td>
			<td>Life Technology</td>
			<td>Proflex</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pins</td>
			<td>Deli</td>
			<td>16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>plus G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Poly-D-lysine treated microscope slides</td>
			<td>Liusheng</td>
			<td>VER_A01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>SRE0005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNase free water</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30538. 02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNase inhibitor</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>3335399001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">S. nudus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sheep serum</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>C0265</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide staining jar</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FG010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide storage box</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>FBX011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Small autoclaved scissors</td>
			<td>Shuanglu</td>
			<td>sku_8330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Spectrophotometers</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NanoDrop 2000/2000c</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">T7 RNA polymerases</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10881767001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Taq DNA polymerase mix (2X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>K1081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris HCl</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>RES3098T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">tRNA</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10109517001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Water bath</td>
			<td>Zhengzhou Great Wall Scientific Industrial</td>
			<td>HH-S2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in situ hybridization for sipunculus nudus coelomic fluid

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a very informative technique to present cellular distribution patterns of specific genes (e.g., mRNA and ncRNA) in tissues. The sipunculid worm Sipunculus nudus is a crucial fishery resource as it has high nutritional and medicinal values. Currently, the research on the molecular biology of Sipunculus nudus is still in its infancy. The purpose of this article is to develop a sensitive method for localizing specific mRNA in Sipunculus nudus coelomic fluid. The protocol includes detailed steps of ISH, including digoxigenin-labeled antisense and sense riboprobe preparation, coelomic fluid collection and section preparation, specific riboprobe hybridization, antibody incubation, coloration and post-coloration treatments. The representative results obtained from a successful experiment using this method are demonstrated. The protocol should be applicable to other Sipuncula species as well.

A summary of the steps involved in ISH is illustrated in Figure 1. Antisense and corresponding sense riboprobes for dmrt1 were synthesized from PCR products amplified from the coelomic fluid cDNAs. The authenticity of the PCR products was verified by direct sequencing. Riboprobes were synthesized using T7 RNA polymerases according to the manufacturer&#39;s protocols and a previous report4 with some minor modifications. The representative signals of ISH are sh...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In situ Hybridization for Sipunculus nudus Coelomic Fluid at JoVE.com

In situ Hybridization for Sipunculus nudus Coelomic Fluid

This protocol describes an effective in situ hybridization approach to detect the mRNA expression levels and spatial patterns of target genes in Sipunculus nudus coelomic fluid.

In situ Hybridization for Sipunculus nudus Coelomic Fluid

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a very informative technique to present cellular distribution patterns of specific genes (e.g., mRNA and ncRNA) in tissues. ...

In situ hybridization is a very informative technique to present mRNA and IncRNA expression patterns of specific genes in tissues. Our purpose in this article is to develop a sensitive method for detecting the specific mRNA localization in coelomic fluid of Sipunculus nudus, which is a crucial fishery resource. We have presented the representative results obtained from our successful experiments by using this method.It is hoped that our method will be apply to other Sipuncula species for identifying the expression patterns of the specific mRNA and IncRNA in coelomic fluid. Fix the Sipunculus nudus on the dissection table. Open the body of the Sipunculus nudus with small autoclaved scissors.Then collect and transfer the coelomic fluid with pipette to poly-D-lysine treated microscope slides, spread mildly. Air-dry the slides for an hour at 37 degree Celsius. Wash the slides with DEPC-PBS for three times, five minutes per wash with gentle agitation.Drain the PBS, add the proteinase K solution on the slides for five minutes at room temperature. Drain the proteinase K solution. Add the PFA solution on the slides for 20 minutes at room temperature.Drain the PFA solution. Wash the slides with DEPC-PBS for three times, five minutes per wash with gentle agitation. Drain the PBS.Add 50 microliter riboprobe. Add a coverslip. Put the slides into the wet box and seal well with paraffin film.Hybridize overnight at 60 degree Celsius. Immerse the slides in the wash buffer and let it stand until the coverslip slides off automatically. Wash the slides with the preheated wash buffer for two times at 65 degree Celsius, 30 minutes per wash with gentle agitation.Wash the slides with the preheated SSC solution for two times at 65 degree Celsius, 30 minutes per wash with gentle agitation. Wash the slides with the MABT solution for two times at room temperature. 30 minutes per wash with gentle agitation.Drain the MABT. Add the blocking buffer. Incubate the slides at room temperature for three to four hours.Drain the blocking buffer. Add the antibody, incubate the slides at four degree Celsius overnight. Drain the antibody solution.Wash the slides with the MABT solution for four times, 25 minutes per wash with gentle agitation. Drain the MABT. Add the alkaline phosphatase buffer for three times, five minutes per incubation.Remove the alkaline phosphatase buffer. Add the BCIP-NBT staining solution. Keep the slides in the dark.The staining time varies from minutes to hours, even over night, which depends on the signal intensity. The staining status should be checked more frequently at the beginning of the staining. For example, with an interval of several minutes, and several hours at the latest of the staining.The checking time should be as short as it can be to avoid introducing high background signaling due to the exposure to light. The representative signals of in situ hybridization are shown. In situ hybridization of Sipunculus nudus coelomic fluid with anti-sense riboprobe that targets dmrt1 indicates purple staining concentrated in trophoblast cells of the spermatozeugmata, figure 2A and B.Sense riboprobe for dmrt1 did not detect any hybridization signal, figure 2C.After watching this video, you would have a very good understanding of how to visualize the expression patterns of target mRNA or IncRNA in the coelomic fluid of Sipunculus nudus.

in-situ-hybridization-for-sipunculus-nudus-coelomic-fluid

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

5.3K ビュー.  Huaqiao University. この場でのハイブリダイゼーションは、組織における特定の遺伝子のmRNAおよびIncRNA発現パターンを提示するための非常に有益な技術である。本稿の目的は、重要な漁業資源であるSipunculus nudusのコエロミック流体中の特異的mRNA局在を検出するための敏感な方法を開発することです。この方法を用いて、実験成功から得られた代表的な結果を発表しました。我々の方?...