우리는 Ferenc Krausz 교수와 Najd Altwaijry 교수가 원고 작성을 도와 준 것에 대해 감사드립니다. 이 작업은 CALA (Center for Advanced Laser Applications)에서 지원했습니다.

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<li>Roeser, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Millijoule+pulse+energy+high+repetition+rate+femtosecond+fiber+chirped-pulse+amplification+system%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Opt+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Millijoule pulse energy high repetition rate femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplification system.</a> Opt Lett. 32 (24), 3495-3497 (2007).</li>
<li>Russbueldt, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19654625">400 W Yb:YAG Innoslab fs-amplifier.</a> Opt Express. 17 (15), 12230-12245 (2009).</li>
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<li>Fattahi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aFattahi%2C+H+%22Third-generation+femtosecond+technology%22">Third-generation femtosecond technology</a>. , Springer International Publishing. (2016).</li>
</ol>

저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

발진기의 턴키 작동은 레이저의 다른 구성 요소의 최적 열 관리로 수행됩니다. 오실레이터의 출력은 추가 정렬이나 최적화가 필요없이 매일 반복 재생이 가능합니다. 또한, 펄스 레이저 펄스 에너지 안정성 및 공간 포인팅 안정성은 재생 증폭기의 안정적인 작동을 달성하기위한 전제 조건을 충족시킵니다. 파이버 증폭기와 같은 다른 저에너지 종자 소스를 사용하여 증폭기를 시드 할 수 있습니다. 이 연구에서는 축적 된 비선형 위상의 성장을 줄임으로써 재생 증폭기의 증폭을 돕기 위해 2μJ Yb : YAG 박막 디스크 KLM 발진기가 사용되었는데, 이는 높은 입력 종자 에너지에 대해 필요한 왕복 횟수가 줄어들었기 때문입니다 . 또한 시드 에너지가 높을수록 증폭 과정에 영향을 미치고 게인을 줄입니다. 증폭 된 펄스의 측정 된 스펙트럼 대역폭고정 된 펌프 출력에서의 상이한 시드 에너지에 대한 결과가 도 5c에 도시되어 있다 . 이득 감소로 인해 증폭 된 스펙트럼 대역폭은 낮은 종자 에너지에 대해 감소합니다. 10 pJ의 시드 에너지의 경우 레이저는 두 배가되는 기간에 작동하며 왕복 횟수를 늘려도 안정적인 작동에 도달 할 수 없습니다. 냉각 시스템과 다이오드의 전원 공급 장치를주의 깊게 최적화하는 것 외에도 포화 상태에서 재생 앰프의 작동은 앰프의 안정성을 달성하는 데 중요한 역할을합니다. 레이저의 기본 또는 2 차 고조파는 OPCPA 시스템을 펌핑하는 데 사용될 수 있습니다. SHG의 경우, LBO와 BBO 결정의 성능은 큰 비선형 계수와 손상 임계 값을 제공하기 때문에 비교되었다. BBO의 경우에는 더 큰 공간 워킹 오프와 제한된 가용 개구에도 불구하고. BBO의 비선형 계수가 LBO의 비선형 계수의 거의 두 배이므로, 더 짧은 결정은SHG ( 그림 6a )의 포화 한계에 도달하기에 적합합니다. 누적 비선형 위상이 28 작다 따라서, BBO가 더 적합한 선택이다. SH 펄스의 펄스 지속 시간은 상이한 변환 효율에서 실험적으로 특성화됩니다. 높은 변환 효율에서는 SHG 스펙트럼이 넓어지고 고차 스펙트럼 위상이 나타난다는 것이 관찰되었습니다 ( 그림 6 ). 따라서 변환 효율이 70 % 인 사례 B는 SH 및 변환되지 않은 기본 빔이 우수한 품질을 유지하는 경우에 선택됩니다.

높은 반복률의 고 에너지, 소수 사이클 레이저 펄스의 생성은 attosecond science 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 및 직접적으로 이익을 얻는 대장학 물리 5 , 6 과 같은 응용 분야에 큰 관심을 끈다. 그러한 출처의 가용성으로부터. OPCPA 동시에 몇 사이클 펄스 1을 지원 높은 펄스 에너지와 큰 증폭 대역폭을 달성하기위한 가장 유망한 경로를 나타낸다. 현재까지 OPCPA는 초 광대역 증폭이 가능하여 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 번의 펄스를 생성합니다. 그러나 피코 초 단위로 짧은 펌프 펄스를 사용하는 OPCPA 방식의 수정 된 구현은훨씬 더 높은 펄스 에너지와 소수의 사이클 체제 1, 11, 12의 평균 전력에 대한 이러한 접근은 확장하기. 단 펄스로 펌핑 된 OPCPA에서 높은 펌프 강도로 인해 높은 단일 패스 게인은 매우 넓은 크리스털 대역폭을 지원하기 위해 매우 얇은 크리스털을 사용할 수 있습니다. 짧은 펄스로 펌핑 된 OPCPA에는 많은 장점이 있지만,이 접근법의 실현 가능성은이 목적을 위해 특별히 고안된 레이저의 가용성에 달려 있습니다. 이러한 펌프 레이저는 kHz에서 MHz 범위 13 , 14 , 15의 반복 속도에서 거의 회절 제한된 빔 품질의 고 에너지 피코 초 펄스를 전달해야합니다. 고 에너지 및 높은 평균 출력으로 피코 초 레이저 펄스를 전달할 수있는 여러 가지 형상의 이터 븀 도핑 된 레이저 도입필드 1 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 의 현재 상태를 변경하려고합니다. Yb : YAG는 열전도율이 우수하고 상온 수명이 길며 경제적 인 다이오드 레이저로 펌핑 할 수 있습니다. 얇은 디스크 지오메트리에서 사용할 때의 성능은 피크 미디어와 평균 파워를 동시에 조정할 수있는 이득 매체의 효율적인 냉각으로 인해 탁월합니다. 더욱이, 증폭 과정 동안 이득 매질 내부에서 자체 집광의 발생은 다른 이득 매체 구조와 비교하여 얇은 디스크의 가늘어 짐으로 인해 억제되어, 증폭 된 펄스의 우수한 시간 및 공간 프로파일을 초래한다. CPA와 함께이 개념을 결합하면 수백 밀리 줄의 에너지와 수백 개의 피코 초 펄스를 생성 할 수 있습니다.평균 전력 19 , 20 와트 OPCPAs (21)를 펌핑에 적합한 소스로 뛰어난 일일 실적과 YAG 얇은 디스크 재생 앰프 : 본 연구의 목적은 턴키 YB을 설명하는 것입니다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위해이 연구에서는 증폭 과정에서 누적 된 비선형 위상을 최소화하기 위해 증폭기를 시드하기 위해 펄스 에너지의 몇 마이크로 주울을 갖는 Yb : YAG 박막 디스크 발진기 22 를 사용합니다. 이 프로토콜은 다른 곳에서 설명 된 레이저 시스템을 구축하고 작동시키는 방법을 제공합니다 21 . 구성 요소 구현 및 제어 소프트웨어에 대한 세부 사항이 제시되고 시스템의 정렬 프로세스가 설명됩니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Electrooptics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Module</td><td>Dilas Diodenlaser GmbH</td><td>M1F8H12-940.5-500C-IS11.34</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Module</td><td>Laserline GmbH</td><td>LDM1000-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power Supply for Diode Laser</td><td>Delta Elektronika B.V.</td><td>SM 15-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power Supply for Diode Laser</td><td>Delta Elektronika B.V.</td><td>SM 35-45</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Picker&#039;s Driver</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell&#039;s Driver</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Picker&#039;s Driver Power Supply</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PCD8m7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell&#039;s Driver Power Supply</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PCD8m7</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Delay Generator PCI</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BME_SG08p</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Splitter Box</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Resonant Preamplifier</td><td>Bergmann Messger&amp;auml;te Entwicklung KG&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BME_P03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pulse Picker&#039;s crystal</td><td>Castech Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>12*12*20 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell&#039;s crystal</td><td>Castech Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>12*12*20 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Optics&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-disk</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-disk Head</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber</td><td>Frank Optic Products GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fiber Objective</td><td>Edmund Optics GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Faraday Isolator</td><td>Electro-Optics Technology, Inc</td><td>EOT.189.12231</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Faraday Rotator</td><td>Electro-Optics Technology, Inc</td><td>EOT.189.22040</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stretcher&#039;s Grating 1</td><td>Horiba Jobin Yvon GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>60*40*10 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Stretcher&#039;s Grating 2</td><td>Horiba Jobin Yvon GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>350*190*50 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor&#039;s Grating 1</td><td>Plymouth Grating Laboratory, Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>40*40*16 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Compressor&#039;s Grating 2</td><td>Plymouth Grating Laboratory, Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>300*100*50 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>108060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09965, S-04484</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>108063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09966, S-04484</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (1030nm), curved</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (1030nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09965, S-05474</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (1030nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-09966, S-05474</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin Film Polarizer (1030nm), 2&quot;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>103930</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate L/2 (1030nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>106058</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=25mm</td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate L/4 (1030nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>106060</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=25mm</td></tr><tr><td>AR Window (1030nm), wedge</td><td>Laseroptik GmbH</td><td>B-00183-01, S-00988</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=38mm</td></tr><tr><td>Output Coupler, 1&quot; (1030nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>PR = 88 %</td></tr><tr><td>High-dispersion Mirror (1030nm)</td><td>UltraFast Innovations GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>GDD = -3000 fs&amp;sup2;</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Convex</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Concave</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 2&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Convex</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 2&quot; (1030nm), Plano-Concave</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>129784</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>042-0515-i0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>110924</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>042-0515</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), curved</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 1&quot; (515nm), curved</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (515nm), flat, 0&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>045-0515-i0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HR Mirror, 2&quot; (515nm), flat, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>045-0515</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin Film Polarizer (515nm), 2&quot;</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>112544</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Waveplate L/2 (515nm)</td><td>Layertec GmbH</td><td>112546</td><td>&amp;Oslash;=25mm</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (515nm), Plano-Convex</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Lens, 1&quot; (515nm), Plano-Concave</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Kerr Medium</td><td>Meller Optics, Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>Sapphire, 1mm</td></tr><tr><td>BBO Crystal</td><td>Castech Inc.</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>7*7*1.5 mm&amp;sup3;</td></tr><tr><td>Harmonic Separator, 1&quot;, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>042-5135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harmonic Separator, 2&quot;, 45&amp;deg;</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>045-5135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Mirror, 1&quot;, flat</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>PF10-03-P01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Silver Mirror, 1&quot;, curved</td><td>Eksma Optics</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Absorptive Neutral Density</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>NE##A</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Reflective Neutral Density</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>ND##A</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Round Continuously Variable</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>NDC-50C-4M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Edgepass Filter (Longpass)</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>FEL####</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Filter - Edgepass Filter (Shortpass)</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>FES####</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>Wedge</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td>set</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Optomechanics &amp;amp; Motion&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 1&quot; (small)</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>S1M4-##-1&amp;rdquo;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 1&quot; (large)</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>S3-##</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 1&quot;</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>1&quot; adjustable&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 2&quot;</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>S4-##</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mirror Mount 2&quot;</td><td>TRUMPF Scientific Lasers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>2&quot; adjustable&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotation Mount 1&amp;rdquo;</td><td>S. Maier GmbH</td><td>D25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotation Mount 1&amp;rdquo;</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>RSP1/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rotation Mount 2&amp;rdquo;</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>RSP2/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Precision Rotation Stage</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>M-UTR120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Four-Axis Diffraction Grating Mount</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>DGM-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Translation Stage</td><td>OptoSigma Corporation</td><td>TADC-651SR25-M6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels cell stage</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>9082-M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pockels Cell Holder</td><td>Home-made</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Picomotor Controller/Driver Kit</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8742-12-KIT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Picomotor Piezo Linear Actuators</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8301NF</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Picomotor Rotation Mount</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8401-M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hand Control Pad</td><td>Newport Corporation</td><td>8758</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Light Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beam Profiling Camera</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>SP620</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Beam Profiling Camera</td><td>DataRay Inc.</td><td>WCD-UCD23</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photodiodes (solw)</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>DET10A/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Photodiodes (fast)</td><td>Alphalas GmbH</td><td>UPD-200-SP</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thin-disk Camera</td><td>Imaging Development Systems GmbH</td><td>UI-2220SE-M-GL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscilloscope</td><td>Tektronix GmbH</td><td>DPO5204</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oscilloscope</td><td>Teledyne LeCroy GmbH</td><td>SDA 760Zi-A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Avantes</td><td>AvaSpec-ULS3648-USB2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4C1769</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4C3762</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4D464</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectrometer</td><td>Ocean Optics, Inc</td><td>HR4D466</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Thermal Power Sensor</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>L50(150)A-PF-35</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Thermal Power Sensor</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>FL500A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Thermal Power Sensor</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>3A-P-V1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power and Energy Meter</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>Vega</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Systems&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Beam Stabilization System</td><td>TEM-Messtechnik GmbH</td><td>Aligna</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser M&amp;sup2; Measuring System</td><td>Ophir Optronics Solutions Ltd</td><td>M&amp;sup2;-200s</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FROG</td><td>Home-made</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>XFROG</td><td>Home-made</td><td>N/A, customized</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Miscellaneous&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooling Chiller</td><td>H.I.B Systemtechnik GmbH</td><td>6HE-000800-W-W-R23-2-DI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooling Chiller</td><td>Termotek GmbH</td><td>P201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cooling Chiller</td><td>Termotek GmbH</td><td>P208</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Safety Goggles</td><td>Protect - Laserschutz GmbH</td><td>BGU 10-0165-G-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Infra-red Viewer</td><td>FJW Optical Systems</td><td>84499A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Viewing Card</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>VRC4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Viewing Card</td><td>Thorlabs GmbH</td><td>VRC5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laser Viewing Card</td><td>Laser Components GmbH</td><td>LDT-1064 BG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flowmeter</td><td>KOBOLD Messring GmbH</td><td>DTK-1250G2C34P</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pressure Gauge</td><td>KOBOLD Messring GmbH</td><td>EN 837-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Temperature Sensor</td><td>KOBOLD Messring GmbH</td><td>TDA-15H* ***P3M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WinLase Software</td><td>Dr. C. Horvath &amp;amp; Dr. F. Loesel</td><td>WinLase Version 2.1 pro.</td><td>Laser Cavity Software</td></tr></tbody></table>

20 mj, 1 ps yb:yag thin-disk regenerative amplifier

이 보고서는 100W, 20mJ, 1ps Yb : YAG 박막 디스크 재생 증폭기에 대한 보고서입니다. 수제 Yb : YAG 박막 디스크, 턴 - 키 성능 및 마이크로 줄 레벨 펄스 에너지를 갖는 Kerr-lens 모드 고정 발진기는 재생성 Chirped-Pulse 증폭기를 시드하는 데 사용됩니다. 앰프는 밀폐 된 하우징에 설치됩니다. 실온에서 작동하며 펄스 - 펄스 안정성이 1 % 미만인 5kHz 반복 속도에서 안정적인 작동을 보입니다. 1.5mm 두께의 베타 바륨 붕산염 결정체를 사용함으로써, 레이저 출력의 주파수는 515nm로 두 배가되고 평균 전력은 70W로 광학 - 광학 효율은 70 %에 해당한다. 이 우수한 성능으로 시스템은 근적외선 및 중 적외선 스펙트럼 범위의 광 파라 메트릭 처프 펄스 펄스 증폭기의 매력적인 펌프 소스가됩니다. 턴 - 키 성능과 재생 앰프의 탁월한 안정성을 결합한이 시스템은 광대역의 CEP 안정화씨. 하나의 레이저 소스로부터 OPCPA (optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification)의 시드 및 펌프를 제공하면 이러한 펄스 사이의 활성 시간 동기화 요구가 사라집니다. 이 작품은 광학 매개 변수 처프 펄스 증폭기의 펌프 소스로 Chirped-Pulse Amplification (CPP)에 기반한 Yb : YAG 박막 디스크 재생 증폭기를 설치하고 작동하는 방법에 대한 자세한 안내를 제공합니다.

<html> 오실레이터는 11MHz 반복 속도에서 350fs, 2μJ, 25W 펄스를 제공하며 펄스 투 펄스 (pulse-to-pulse) 안정성이 1 % (rms)이고 빔 포인팅 요동이 1 시간 동안 0.6 % 미만입니다 ( 그림 4 ). <img alt="그림 4" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig4.jpg" /> 그림 4 : Yb : YAG 박막 디스크, Kerr 렌즈 모드 잠금 오실레이터 ( a ) 발진기 펄스의 스펙트럼 (적색), 검색된 시간 강도 프로파일 (파란색) 및 공간 프로파일 (삽입). ( b ) 오실레이터의 SHG-FROG 분광기 측정 및 검색. 이 수치는 Fattahi et al. 참조 21의 허가를 얻어야한다.&gt;이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오. 시드 펄스는 280W에서 940nm의 파장에서 CW 광 결합 다이오드로 펌핑되는 동안 재생 증폭기에서 125W로 증폭되며 47 %의 광 대 광 효율에 해당합니다. 증폭기의 펄스 - 펄스 안정성은 1 % 미만이며, 연속 동작 10 시간 후 우수한 장기 안정성을 보입니다. 증폭 된 빔은 M 2 가 1 (M 2 x = 1.08 및 M 2 y = 1.07)이고 압축 후 1 ps (FWHM에서)에 우수한 시간 프로파일을 갖는 우수한 공간 프로파일을 갖는다 ( 그림 5 ). <img alt="그림 5" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig5.jpg" /> 그림 5 : 재생 앰프의 특성출력 및 게인 - 감소 효과가있다. ( a ) 연속 운전 10 시간 후 재생 증폭기 평균 전력의 안정성. 삽입 : ( a-1 ) 평균 시간에 0.5 시간의 평균 전력으로 정규화 된 전력; ( a-2 ) 회생 증폭기의 출력 빔 프로파일. ( b ) 격자 압축기 이후 평균 출력 100W에서 레이저 출력 스펙트럼 (녹색) 및 검색된 시간 강도 (청색). ( c ) 증폭기 출력의 종단 에너지 대 스펙트럼 대역폭 (FWHM) 및 펌프 출력 300W에서 동일한 출력 평균 전력에 대해 요구되는 왕복 시간. 이 수치는 Fattahi et al. 참조 21의 허가를 얻어야한다. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig5large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> 25를 사용하여 분석되었습니다. 다음과 같은 파라미터를 가진 두 개의 다른 결정이 고려되었다 : 1) 위상 정합 각이 13.7 °이고 비선형 계수가 0.819 pm / V 인 I 형, 6 mm 두께의 리튬 트리 보레이트 (LBO) 및 2) 타입 -1, 23.4 °의 위상 정합 각 및 2 pm / V의 비선형 계수 26 , 27 을 갖는 3mm 두께의 BBO. 1030 nm에서 1 ps, 20 mJ 펄스 및 100 GW / cm 2 의 피크 강도가 시뮬레이션의 입력으로 고려되었다. 시뮬레이션 결과 BBO 성능은 SHG의 LBO 성능보다 우수함이 확인되었습니다 ( 그림 6 ). <img alt="도 6" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig6.jpg" /> 그림 6 : 2 차 고조파 생성. ( a ) Simulated SHG ENE6mm 두께의 LBO 결정체와 3mm 두께의 BBO 결정체의 경우 rgy. ( b ) 증폭기 출력의 0.5 mJ (흑색) 및 20 mJ (녹색)를 사용하는 1.5 mm 두께의 BBO 결정에서의 실험적 SHG 효율 대 입력 펌프 피크 강도. ( c ) ( b )의 점 A, B 및 C에 대응하는 상이한 SHG 효율에 대한 검색된 스펙트럼 강도 및 ( d ) XFROG 측정의 군 지연. 이 수치는 Fattahi et al. , 참고 문헌 21의 허가를 얻어서 <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55717/55717fig6large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier at JoVE.com

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Yb : YAG 박막 디스크 재생 증폭기를 기반으로하는 고 에너지, 고출력 광 파라 메트릭 처프 펄스 증폭기 펌프 소스의 작동을위한 프로토콜이 여기에 제시됩니다.

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb : YAG Thin-disk 재생 앰프

This is a report on a 100 W, 20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier. A homemade Yb:YAG thin-disk, Kerr-lens mode-locked oscillator with ...

20-mj-1-ps-ybyag-thin-disk-regenerative-amplifier

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11.5K 조회수.  Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.  Yb : YAG 박막 디스크 재생 증폭기를 기반으로하는 고 에너지, 고출력 광 파라 메트릭 처프 펄스 증폭기 펌프 소스의 작동을위한 프로토콜이 여기에 제시됩니다. 

비디오: 20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing of the signals is done in the electrical domain. Direct storage in the optical domain would avoid the transfer of the packets to the electrical and back to the optical domain in every network node and, therefore, increase the speed and possibly reduce the energy consumption of telecommunications. However, light consists of photons which propagate with the speed of light in vacuum. Thus, the storage of light is a big challenge. There exist some methods to slow down the speed of the light, or to store it in excitations of a medium. However, these methods cannot be used for the storage of optical data packets used in telecommunications networks. Here we show how the time-frequency-coherence, which holds for every signal and therefore for optical packets as well, can be exploited to build an optical memory. We will review the background and show in detail and through examples, how a frequency comb can be used for the copying of an optical packet which enters the memory. One of these time domain copies is then extracted from the memory by a time domain switch. We will show this method for intensity as well as for phase modulated signals.

The article describes a procedure to store optical data packets with an arbitrary modulation, wavelength, and data rate. These packets are the basis of modern telecommunications.

광학 데이터 패킷을 준 광 저장

Today's telecommunication is based on optical packets which transmit the information in optical fiber networks around the world. Currently, the processing ...

연구

공학

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Gradient echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology is that quantum key distribution (QKD), which uses Heisenberg uncertainty to guarantee security of cryptographic keys, is limited in transmission distance. The development of a quantum repeater is a possible path to extend QKD range, but a repeater will need a quantum memory. In our experiments we use a gas of rubidium 87 vapor that is contained in a warm gas cell. This makes the scheme particularly simple. It is also a highly versatile scheme that enables in-memory refinement of the stored state, such as frequency shifting and bandwidth manipulation. The basis of the GEM protocol is to absorb the light into an ensemble of atoms that has been prepared in a magnetic field gradient. The reversal of this gradient leads to rephasing of the atomic polarization and thus recall of the stored optical state. We will outline how we prepare the atoms and this gradient and also describe some of the pitfalls that need to be avoided, in particular four-wave mixing, which can give rise to optical gain.

The gradient echo memory is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in atomic ensembles. Quantum memory is a key element of a quantum repeater, which can extend the range of quantum key distribution. We outline the operation of the scheme when implemented in a 3-level atomic ensemble.

온난 한 원자 증기의 그라데이션 에코 양자 메모리

Gradient  echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in  atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology ...

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

We present a cooling method for a cold Fermi gas by parametrically driving atomic motions in a crossed-beam optical dipole trap (ODT). Our method employs the anharmonicity of the ODT, in which the hotter atoms at the edge of the trap feel the anharmonic components of the trapping potential, while the colder atoms in the center of the trap feel the harmonic one. By modulating the trap depth with frequencies that are resonant with the anharmonic components, we selectively excite the hotter atoms out of the trap while keeping the colder atoms in the trap, generating parametric cooling. This experimental protocol starts with a magneto-optical trap (MOT) that is loaded by a Zeeman slower. The precooled atoms in the MOT are then transferred to an ODT, and a bias magnetic field is applied to create an interacting Fermi gas. We then lower the trapping potential to prepare a cold Fermi gas near the degenerate temperature. After that, we sweep the magnetic field to the noninteracting regime of the Fermi gas, in which the parametric cooling can be manifested by modulating the intensity of the optical trapping beams. We find that the parametric cooling effect strongly depends on the modulation frequencies and amplitudes. With the optimized frequency and amplitude, we measure the dependence of the cloud energy on the modulation time. We observe that the cloud energy is changed in an anisotropic way, where the energy of the axial direction is significantly reduced by parametric driving. The cooling effect is limited to the axial direction because the dominant anharmonicity of the crossed-beam ODT is along the axial direction. Finally, we propose to extend this protocol for the trapping potentials of large anharmonicity in all directions, which provides a promising scheme for cooling quantum gases using external driving.

We present a parametric driving method to cool an ultracold Fermi gas in a crossed-beam optical dipole trap. This method selectively removes high-energy atoms from the trap by periodically modulating the trap depth with frequencies that are resonant with the anharmonic components of the trapping potential.

정기 간행물 운전하여 광학적 갇혀 초저온 페르미 가스를 냉각

We present a cooling method for a cold Fermi gas by parametrically driving atomic motions in a crossed-beam optical dipole trap (ODT). Our method employs ...

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of spontaneous Brillouin spectrometers for non-contact analysis of soft matter, such as aqueous solutions and biomaterials, with fast acquisition times. Here, we discuss the assembly and operation of a Brillouin spectrometer that uses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) to measure stimulated Brillouin gain (SBG) spectra of water and lipid emulsion-based tissue-like samples in transmission mode with &lt;10 MHz spectral-resolution and &lt;35 MHz Brillouin-shift measurement precision at &lt;100 ms. The spectrometer consists of two nearly counter-propagating continuous-wave (CW) narrow-linewidth lasers at 780 nm whose frequency detuning is scanned through the material Brillouin shift. By using an ultra-narrowband hot rubidium-85 vapor notch filter and a phase-sensitive detector, the signal-to-noise-ratio of the SBG signal is significantly enhanced compared to that obtained with existing CW-SBS spectrometers. This improvement enables measurement of SBG spectra with up to 100-fold faster acquisition times, thereby facilitating high spectral-resolution and high-precision Brillouin analysis of soft materials at high speed.

We describe the construction of a rapid continuous-wave-stimulated-Brillouin-scattering (CW-SBS) spectrometer. The spectrometer employs single-frequency diode-lasers and an atomic vapor notch-filter to acquire transmission spectra of turbid/non-turbid samples with high spectral-resolution at speeds up to 100-fold faster than those of existing CW-SBS spectrometers. This improvement enables high-speed Brillouin material analysis.

소재 분석에 대 한 고속 연속파 자극된 브 릴 루 앵 산란 분 광 계

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of spontaneous Brillouin spectrometers for non-contact analysis of soft matter, such as ...

Experimental Methods for Trapping Ions Using Microfabricated Surface Ion Traps

Ions trapped in a quadrupole Paul trap have been considered one of the strong physical candidates to implement quantum information processing. This is due to their long coherence time and their capability to manipulate and detect individual quantum bits (qubits). In more recent years, microfabricated surface ion traps have received more attention for large-scale integrated qubit platforms. This paper presents a microfabrication methodology for ion traps using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology, including the fabrication method for a 14 &#181;m-thick dielectric layer and metal overhang structures atop the dielectric layer. In addition, an experimental procedure for trapping ytterbium (Yb) ions of isotope 174 (174Yb+) using 369.5 nm, 399 nm, and 935 nm diode lasers is described. These methodologies and procedures involve many scientific and engineering disciplines, and this paper first presents the detailed experimental procedures. The methods discussed in this paper can easily be extended to the trapping of Yb ions of isotope 171 (171Yb+) and to the manipulation of qubits.

This paper presents a microfabrication methodology for surface ion traps, as well as a detailed experimental procedure for trapping ytterbium ions in a room-temperature environment.

﹙을 사용 하 여 이온을 트래핑에 대 한 실험 방법 표면 이온 트랩

Ions trapped in a quadrupole Paul trap have been considered one of the strong physical candidates to implement quantum information processing. This is due ...

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also propagation of suprathreshold spiking activity involves populations of neurons. Empirical studies addressing cortical function directly thus require recordings from populations of neurons with high resolution. Here we describe an optical method and a deconvolution algorithm to record neural activity from up to 100 neurons with single-cell and single-spike resolution. This method relies on detection of the transient increases in intracellular somatic calcium concentration associated with suprathreshold electrical spikes (action potentials) in cortical neurons. High temporal resolution of the optical recordings is achieved by a fast random-access scanning technique using acousto-optical deflectors (AODs)1. Two-photon excitation of the calcium-sensitive dye results in high spatial resolution in opaque brain tissue2. Reconstruction of spikes from the fluorescence calcium recordings is achieved by a maximum-likelihood method. Simultaneous electrophysiological and optical recordings indicate that our method reliably detects spikes (&gt;97% spike detection efficiency), has a low rate of false positive spike detection (&lt; 0.003 spikes/sec), and a high temporal precision (about 3 msec) 3. This optical method of spike detection can be used to record neural activity in vitro and in anesthetized animals in vivo3,4.

Understanding the function of the vertebrate central nervous system requires recordings from many neurons because cortical function arises on the level of populations of neurons. Here we describe an optical method to record suprathreshold neural activity with single-cell and single-spike resolution, dithered random-access scanning. This method records somatic fluorescence calcium signals from up to 100 neurons with high temporal resolution. A maximum-likelihood algorithm deconvolves the underlying suprathreshold neural activity from the somatic fluorescence calcium signals. This method reliably detects spikes with high detection efficiency and a low rate of false positives and can be used to study neural populations in vitro and in vivo.

단일 셀 및 단일 스파이크 해상도 suprathreshold 신경 활동의 광 기록

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

신경과학

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

We present a protocol for performing gas spectroscopy using infrared degenerated four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM), for the quantitative detection of gas species in the ppm-to-single-percent range. The main purpose of the method is the spatially resolved detection of low-concentration species, which have no transitions in the visible or near-IR spectral range that could be used for detection. IR-DFWM is a nonintrusive method, which is a great advantage in combustion research, as inserting a probe into a flame can change it drastically. The IR-DFWM is combined with upconversion detection. This detection scheme uses sum-frequency generation to move the IR-DFWM signal from the mid-IR to the near-IR region, to take advantage of the superior noise characteristics of silicon-based detectors. This process also rejects most of the thermal background radiation. The focus of the protocol presented here is on the proper alignment of the IR-DFWM optics and on how to align an intracavity upconversion detection system.

Here, we present a protocol to perform sensitive, spatially resolved gas spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region, using degenerate four-wave mixing combined with upconversion detection.

적외선 타락 한 4 웨이브 혼합 양적 가스 감지에 대 한 업 검출

We present a protocol for performing gas spectroscopy using infrared degenerated four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM), for the quantitative detection of gas species ...

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

A protocol is presented to build a custom low-cost yet high-performance femtosecond (fs) fiber laser. This all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) ytterbium-doped fiber laser is built completely using commercially available parts, including $8,000 in fiber optic and pump laser components, plus $4,800 in standard optical components and extra-cavity accessories. Researchers new to fiber optic device fabrication may also consider investing in basic fiber splicing and laser pulse characterization equipment (~$63,000). Important for optimal laser operation, methods to verify true versus apparent (partial or noise-like) mode-locked performance are presented. This system achieves 70 fs pulse duration with a center wavelength of approximately 1,070 nm and a pulse repetition rate of 31 MHz. This fiber laser exhibits the peak performance that may be obtained for an easily assembled fiber laser system, which makes this design ideal for research laboratories aiming to develop compact and portable fs laser technologies that enable new implementations of clinical multiphoton microscopy and fs surgery.

A method is presented to build a custom low-cost, mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser for potential applications in multiphoton microscopy, endoscopy, and photomedicine. This laser is built using commercially available parts and basic splicing techniques.

다광자 현미경을 위한 저비용 맞춤형 제작 및 모드 잠금 작동 의 모든 정상 분산 펨토초 섬유 레이저

A protocol is presented to build a custom low-cost yet high-performance femtosecond (fs) fiber laser. This all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) ytterbium-doped ...

Ultrafast Time-resolved Near-IR Stimulated Raman Measurements of Functional &#960;-conjugate Systems

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near infrared (near-IR) transitions, because it can overcome the low sensitivity of spontaneous Raman spectrometers in the near-IR region. Here, we describe technical details of a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR multiplex stimulated Raman spectrometer that we have recently developed. A description of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and calibration and correction of recorded data is provided as well. We present an application of our spectrometer to analyze the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene solution. A C=C stretch band of &#946;-carotene in the second lowest excited singlet (S2) state and the lowest excited singlet (S1) state is clearly observed in the recorded time-resolved stimulated Raman spectra. The femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer is applicable to the structural dynamics of &#960;-conjugate systems from simple molecules to complex materials.

Details of signal generation and optimization, measurement, data acquisition, and data handling for a femtosecond time-resolved near-IR stimulated Raman spectrometer are described. A near infrared stimulated Raman study on the excited-state dynamics of &#946;-carotene in toluene is shown as a representative application.

기능성 π-컨쥬게이트 시스템의 초고속 시간 해결 근거리 자극 라만 측정

Femtosecond time-resolved stimulated Raman spectroscopy is a promising method of observing the structural dynamics of short-lived transients with near ...

화학

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Temporal solitons have attracted great interest in the past decades for their behavior in a steady state, where the dispersion is balanced by the nonlinearity in a propagation Kerr medium. The development of dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) in high-Q microcavities drives a novel, compact, chip-scale soliton source. When DKSs serve as femtosecond pulses, the repetition rate fluctuation can be applied to ultrahigh precision metrology, high-speed optical sampling, and optical clocks, etc. In this paper, the rapid repetition rate fluctuation of soliton crystals (SCs), a special state of DKSs where particle-like solitons are tightly packed and fully occupy a resonator, is measured based on the well-known delayed self-heterodyne method. The SCs are generated using a thermal-controlled method. The pump is a frequency fixed laser with a linewidth of 100 Hz. The integral time in frequency fluctuation measurements is controlled by the length of the delay fiber. For a SC with a single vacancy, the repetition rate fluctuations are ~53.24 Hz within 10 &#181;s and ~509.32 Hz within 125 &#181;s, respectively.

Here, we present a protocol to generate soliton crystals in a butterfly-packaged micro-ring resonator using a thermal tuned method. Further, the repetition rate fluctuations of a soliton crystal with a single vacancy are measured using a delayed self-heterodyne method.