This work was funded by a grant from the US-Israel BSF to B.S. and E.D.S. B.S. is an incumbent of the Hilda and Cecil Lewis professorial chair in Molecular Genetics.

NOTE: Procedures involving animal subjects have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
1. Sample Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Isolation of pancreatic acini
	<ol>
		<li>Prepare 300 ml of fresh Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate HEPES (KRBH) medium before starting. Mix 140 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM KCl, 1.16 mM MgCl2, 1 mM CaCl2, 11 mM Glucose, 10 mM HEPES. Add bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor ...

<ol>
	<li>Williams, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+pancreatic+acinar+cell+function.">Regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function.</a> Current Opinion in Gastroenterology. 22, 498-504 (2006).</li><li>Schnekenburger, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+kinesin,+dynein+and+microtubules+in+pancreatic+secretion.">The role of kinesin, dynein and microtubules in pancreatic secretion.</a> Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS. 66, 2525-2537 (2009).</li><li>Geron, E., Schejter, E. D., Shilo, B. Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directing+exocrine+secretory+vesicles+to+the+apical+membrane+by+actin+cables+generated+by+the+formin+mDia1.">Directing exocrine secretory vesicles to the apical membrane by actin cables generated by the formin mDia1.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110, 10652-10657 (2013).</li><li>Amsterdam, A., Jamieson, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+functional+characterization+of+isolated+pancreatic+exocrine+cells.">Structural and functional characterization of isolated pancreatic exocrine cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69, 3028-3032 (1972).</li><li>Williams, J. A., Korc, M., Dormer, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Action+of+secretagogues+on+a+new+preparation+of+functionally+intact,+isolated+pancreatic+acini.">Action of secretagogues on a new preparation of functionally intact, isolated pancreatic acini.</a> The American journal of physiology. 235, 517-524 (1978).</li><li>Jerdeva, G. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Actin+and+non-muscle+myosin+II+facilitate+apical+exocytosis+of+tear+proteins+in+rabbit+lacrimal+acinar+epithelial+cells.">Actin and non-muscle myosin II facilitate apical exocytosis of tear proteins in rabbit lacrimal acinar epithelial cells.</a> Journal of Cell Science. 118, 4797-4812 (2005).</li><li>Menozzi, D., Jensen, R. T., Gardner, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dispersed+pancreatic+acinar+cells+and+pancreatic+acini.">Dispersed pancreatic acinar cells and pancreatic acini.</a> Methods in Enzymology. , 192-271 (1990).</li><li>Bi, Y., Williams, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+role+for+Rho+and+Rac+in+secretagogue-induced+amylase+release+by+pancreatic+acini.">A role for Rho and Rac in secretagogue-induced amylase release by pancreatic acini.</a> Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 289, C22-C32 (2005).</li><li>Palade, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+aspects+of+the+process+of+protein+synthesis.">Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis.</a> Science. 189, 867 (1975).</li><li>Masedunskas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+for+the+actomyosin+complex+in+regulated+exocytosis+revealed+by+intravital+microscopy.">Role for the actomyosin complex in regulated exocytosis revealed by intravital microscopy.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108, 13552-13557 (2011).</li><li>Petersen, H., Grossman, M. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatic+exocrine+secretion+in+anesthetized+and+conscious+rats.">Pancreatic exocrine secretion in anesthetized and conscious rats.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 233, E530-E536 (1977).</li><li>Riedl, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lifeact:+a+versatile+marker+to+visualize+F-actin.">Lifeact: a versatile marker to visualize F-actin.</a> Nat Methods. 5, 605-607 (2008).</li><li>Porat-Shliom, N., Milberg, O., Masedunskas, A., Weigert, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+roles+for+the+actin+cytoskeleton+during+regulated+exocytosis.">Multiple roles for the actin cytoskeleton during regulated exocytosis.</a> Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS. 70, 2099-2121 (2013).</li></ol>

Besides the ex&#160;vivo culture, alternative setups for the study of exocrine secretion include intravital microscopy and measurement of fluids from the pancreatic duct. Intravital microscopy was shown to operate well in the mouse salivary glands10. This method can record secretion in real time in the intact animal, but is limited in its resolution and by the means for manipulating the exocrine tissue. Assessing secretion by collecting fluids from the pancreatic duct was achieved in anesthetized rats...

The exocrine pancreas constitutes most of the mass of the mammalian pancreas and is dedicated to production and secretion of digestive enzymes1. The functional unit of the exocrine pancreas, the acinus, is a cluster of epithelial cells which forms and shares a joint lumen. Upon hormonal or neuronal stimulation, vesicles filled with enzymes are transported to the apical cell surface, fuse with it and expel their content into the lumen1-3. The secreted enzymes are then drained by a coalescing set of ducts into the small intestine, where they catalyze the breakdown of food into nutrients.
This video demonstrates how intact acini are isolated from the whole pancreas and how their secretory capacity can be assessed. Using this setup, pancreatic secretion is quantified by measuring the relative amount of amylase that was released following stimulation. Alternatively, secretion can be imaged live by the use of different sensors and dyes.
The ex&#160;vivo setup of pancreatic acini is advantageous since isolated acini, which retain many characteristics of the intact pancreas, can be manipulated and monitored more readily than in the whole animal4-6. This setup was originally developed in the late 1970&#8217;s and was since extended for the study of several exocrine tissues such as the salivary and mammary glands3-7. Notably, it allows the study of secretion with minimal interference to the complex cellular organizations of these polarized epithelia.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="655">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">ICR mice</td>
			<td style="width:115px;">Harlan</td>
			<td style="width:91px;"></td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Any strain will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HBSS</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H8264</td>
			<td>Can substitude for KRB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7906</td>
			<td>Fraction V</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagenase XI&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C0130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nylon mesh</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352360</td>
			<td>70-100&#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Amylase infinity reagent&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>TR25421</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CCK</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C2175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FM4-64</td>
			<td>Lifetechnologies</td>
			<td>F34653</td>
			<td>Diluted to 16&#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">20mL scintillation vial</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z190527</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DeltaVision system&#160;</td>
			<td>Applied Precision</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Consisting of an inverted microscope IX71 equipped with 60x/1.4 or 100x/1.3 objectives (Olympus)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Zeiss 510 or 710 confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>60x/1.4 or 100x/1.4 objectives&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultra Microplate reader</td>
			<td>BioTek</td>
			<td>ELx808</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessing the secretory capacity of pancreatic acinar cells

Pancreatic acinar cells produce and secrete digestive enzymes. These cells are organized as a cluster which forms and shares a joint lumen. This work demonstrates how the secretory capacity of these cells can be assessed by culture of isolated acini. The setup is advantageous since isolated acini, which retain many characteristics of the intact exocrine pancreas can be manipulated and monitored more readily than in the whole animal. Proper isolation of pancreatic acini is a key requirement so that the ex&#160;vivo culture will represent the in&#160;vivo nature of the acini. The protocol demonstrates how to isolate intact acini from the mouse pancreas. Subsequently, two complementary methods for evaluating pancreatic secretion are presented. The amylase secretion assay serves as a global measure, while direct imaging of pancreatic secretion allows the characterization of secretion at a sub-cellular resolution. Collectively, the techniques presented here enable a broad spectrum of experiments to study exocrine secretion.

Pancreatic acini that were isolated properly display a stereotypic morphology when viewed by transmitted light. Their basolateral domains should appear round and devoid of blebs. The apical domain is surrounded by hundreds of secretory vesicles and appears darker in color (Figure 2A, B). The nuclei are located basal to the vesicular area. Cell debris and components of the pancreatic ductal system and of the endocrine pancreas, which can be detected at early stages of acini isolation (Figure 2C, D...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells at JoVE.com

Assessing the Secretory Capacity of Pancreatic Acinar Cells

Isolated pancreatic acini retain their in&#160;vivo morphology and activity and offer powerful ways for monitoring and manipulating secretion. This work demonstrates how acini can be isolated from the mouse pancreas, and how their secretory capacities can be assessed.

Pancreatic acinar cells produce and secrete digestive enzymes. These cells are organized as a cluster which forms and shares a joint lumen. This work ...

assessing-the-secretory-capacity-of-pancreatic-acinar-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

16.4K visualizações.  Weizmann Institute of Science.  Isolados ácinos pancreáticos manter a sua morfologia in vivo e atividade e oferecer maneiras poderosas para a monitoração e manipulação de secreção. Este trabalho demonstra como ácinos pode ser isolada a partir do pâncreas do rato, e como as suas capacidades de secreção pode ser avaliada. 