Name: purification of a high molecular mass protein in streptococcus mutans
Uploaded: 2019-09-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (grant numbers 16K15860 and 19K10471 to T. M., 17K12032 to M. I., and 18K09926 to N. H.) and the SECOM Science and Technology Foundation (SECOM) (grant number 2018.09.10 No. 1).

NOTE: Generation of S. mutans &#8710;gtfC, in which the entire coding region of the gtfC gene is replaced with spcr, must be completed prior to performing these protocols. Refer to the published article for details on generation5.
1. Primer design
<ol>
	<li>Prepare primers for the construction of S. mutans His-gtfC. 
	NOTE: The primer sequences used...

<ol>
	<li>Sambrook, J., Russell, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd Edition. , (2001).</li><li>Murata, T., Ishikawa, M., Shibuya, K., Hanada, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+functional+analysis+of+a+gene+of+interest+in+Streptococcus+mutans:+gene+disruption+followed+by+purification+of+a+polyhistidine-tagged+gene+product.">Method for functional analysis of a gene of interest in Streptococcus mutans: gene disruption followed by purification of a polyhistidine-tagged gene product.</a> Journal of Microbiological Methods. 155, 49-54 (2018).</li><li>Horton, R. M., Cai, Z., Ho, S. M., Pease, L. 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(128), (2017).</li><li>Hanada, N., Kuramitsu, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+the+Streptococcus+mutansgtfC+gene,+coding+for+synthesis+of+both+soluble+and+insoluble+glucans.">Isolation and characterization of the Streptococcus mutansgtfC gene, coding for synthesis of both soluble and insoluble glucans.</a> Infection and Immunity. 56 (8), 1999-2005 (1988).</li><li>LeBlanc, D. J., Lee, L. N., Inamine, J. 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K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+protein+using+bicinchoninic+acid.">Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.</a> Analytical Biochemistry. 150 (1), 76-85 (1985).</li><li>Perry, D., Wondrack, L. M., Kuramitsu, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+transformation+of+putative+cariogenic+properties+in+Streptococcus+mutans.">Genetic transformation of putative cariogenic properties in Streptococcus mutans.</a> Infection and Immunology. 41 (2), 722-727 (1983).</li><li>Lau, P. C., Sung, C. K., Lee, J. H., Morrison, D. A., Cvitkovitch, D. 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The design of primers is the most critical step in the protocol. The sequences of the gtfC-reverse and spcr-forward primers were automatically determined based on the sequences of both the 3&#8242; end region of gtfC and the 5&#8242; end region of spcr. Each primer includes 24 complementary bases that encode a GS linker and a His-tag-coding sequence at their 5&#39; regions. Disruption of the native regulatory sequences located in the upstream flanking regions can ...

Analysis of a gene&#39;s function usually involves comparison of phenotypic traits of wild-type strains to strains in which the gene of interest has been disrupted.Once the gene-disrupted strain is produced, exogenous addition of the gene product allows functional restoration.
The most common method for obtaining purified gene products required for subsequent restoration assays is by performing heterologous expression in Escherichia coli1. However, the expression of membrane proteins or high molecular mass proteins is often difficult using this system1. In these cases, the target protein is usually isolated from the cells that natively synthesizes the protein through a complex series of steps, which may lead to loss of the gene product. To overcome these issues, a simple procedure has been developed for gene product purification following a gene disruption method2, PCR-based DNA splicing method3&#160;(designated two-step fusion PCR), and electroporation for genetic transformation in Streptococcus mutans. Addition of a polyhistidine tag (His-tag) to the C-terminus of the gene product facilitates its purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC).
To isolate the His-tag-expressing strain, the entire genomic DNA of the gene of interest (in this His-tag-expressing gene-disrupted strain) is replaced with an antibiotic-resistant marker gene. The procedure for generating the His-tag-expressing strainis nearly identical to that for generating a gene-disrupted strain as described previously4,5. Therefore, the methods for gene disruption and gene product isolation should be performed as serial experiments for the functional analysis.
In the present work, a polyhistidine-coding sequence is attached to the 3&#8242; end of the gtfC (GenBank locus tag SMU_1005) gene, encoding glucosyltransferase-SI (GTF-SI) in S. mutans6. Then, expression studies in a streptococcal species were performed. Achieving heterologous gtfC expression by E. coli is difficult, likely because of the high molecular mass of GTF-SI. This strain is named S. mutans His-gtfC. A schematic illustration depicting the organization of the gtfC and spectinomycin resistance gene cassette (spcr)7 loci in wild-type S. mutans (S. mutans WT) and its derivatives is shown in Figure 1. The GTF-SI is a secretory protein that contributes to the development of cariogenic dental biofilm6. Under the presence of sucrose, an adherent biofilm is observed on a smooth glass surface in WT S. mutans strain but not in the S. mutans gtfC-disrupted strain (S. mutans &#916;gtfC)2,5. Biofilm formation is restored in S. mutans &#916;gtfC upon exogenous addition of the recombinant GTF-SI. The strain, S. mutans His-gtfC, is then used to produce the recombinant GTF-SI.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Nippon Genetics</td>
			<td>NE-AG02</td>
			<td>For agarose gel electrophoresis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anaeropack</td>
			<td>Mitsubishi Gas Chemical</td>
			<td>A-03</td>
			<td>Anaerobic culture system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-His-Tag monoclonal antibody</td>
			<td>MBL</td>
			<td>D291-7</td>
			<td>HRP-conjugated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BCA protein assay kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>23227</td>
			<td>Measurement of protein concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain heart infusion broth</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson</td>
			<td>237500</td>
			<td>Bacterial culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CBB R-250</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>031-17922</td>
			<td>For biofilm staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifugal ultrafiltration unit</td>
			<td>Sartorius</td>
			<td>VS2032</td>
			<td>Buffer replacement and protein concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Kubota</td>
			<td>7780II</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chromatographic column</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>7321010</td>
			<td>For IMAC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dialysis membrane clamp</td>
			<td>Fisher brand</td>
			<td>21-153-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dialysis tubing</td>
			<td>As One</td>
			<td>2-316-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA polymerase</td>
			<td>Takara</td>
			<td>R045A</td>
			<td>High-fidelity DNA polymerase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA sequencing</td>
			<td>Eurofins Genomics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECL substrate</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>170-5060</td>
			<td>For western blotting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA (0.5 M pH 8.0)</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>311-90075</td>
			<td>Tris-EDTA buffer preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroporation cuvette</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1652086</td>
			<td>0.2 cm gap</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroporator</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1652100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EtBr solution</td>
			<td>Nippon Gene</td>
			<td>315-90051</td>
			<td>For agarose gel electrophoresis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel band cutter</td>
			<td>Nippon Genetics</td>
			<td>FG-830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel extraction kit</td>
			<td>Nippon Genetics</td>
			<td>FG-91202</td>
			<td>DNA extraction from agarose gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imager</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>29083461</td>
			<td>For SDS-PAGE and western blotting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imidazole</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>095-00015</td>
			<td>Binding buffer and elution buffer preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Nippon Medical &#38; Chemical Instruments</td>
			<td>EZ-022</td>
			<td>Temperature setting: 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Nippon Medical &#38; Chemical Instruments</td>
			<td>LH-100-RDS</td>
			<td>Temperature setting: 37 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Membrane filter</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>JGWP04700</td>
			<td>0.2 &#181;m diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>Kubota</td>
			<td>3740</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>191-01665</td>
			<td>Preparation of binding buffer and elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaH2PO4&#183;2H2O</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>192-02815</td>
			<td>Preparation of binding buffer and elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>198-13765</td>
			<td>Preparation of binding buffer and elution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(NH4)2SO4</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>015-06737</td>
			<td>Ammonium sulfate precipitation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ni-charged resin</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1560133</td>
			<td>For IMAC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR primers</td>
			<td>Eurofins Genomics</td>
			<td>Custom-ordered</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protein standard</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>161-0381</td>
			<td>For SDS-PAGE and western blotting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solvent filtration apparatus</td>
			<td>As One</td>
			<td>FH-1G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectinomycin</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>195-11531</td>
			<td>Antibiotics; use at 100 &#956;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile syringe filter</td>
			<td>Merckmillipore</td>
			<td>SLGV004SL</td>
			<td>0.22 &#181;m diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptococus mutans &#916;gtfC</td>
			<td>Stock strain in the lab.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>gtfC replaced with spcr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Streptococus mutans UA159</td>
			<td>Stock strain in the lab.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>S. mutans ATCC 700610, Wild-type strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>196-00015</td>
			<td>For biofilm development</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TAE (50 &#215; )</td>
			<td>Nippon Gene</td>
			<td>313-90035</td>
			<td>For agarose gel electrophoresis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal cycler</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>PTC-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris-HCl (1 M, pH 8.0)</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>314-90065</td>
			<td>Tris-EDTA buffer preparation</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

purification of a high molecular mass protein in streptococcus mutans

Elucidation of a gene&#39;s function typically involves comparison of phenotypic traits of wild-type strains and strains in which the gene of interest has been disrupted. Loss of function following gene disruption is subsequently restored by exogenous addition of the product of the disrupted gene. This helps to determine the function of the gene. A method previously described involves generating a gtfC gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans strain. Here, an undemanding method is described for purifying the gtfC gene product from the newly generated S. mutans strain following the gene disruption. It involves the addition of a polyhistidine-coding sequence at the 3&#8242; end of the gene of interest, which allows simple purification of the gene product using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. No enzymatic reactions other than PCR are required for the genetic modification in this method. The restoration of the gene product by exogenous addition after gene disruption is an efficient method for determining gene function, which may also be adapted to different species.

Figure 3 shows the size of each amplicon from the first PCR (Figure 3A) and second PCR (Figure 3B). The size of each amplicon corresponded with the predicted size, as described in Table 1. Figure 4A shows S. mutans colonies transformed with the second PCR product and plated on the BHI agar plates containing spectinomycin. Colony PCR products wer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans at JoVE.com

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Described here is a simple method for the purification of a gene product in Streptococcus mutans. This technique may be advantageous in the purification of proteins, especially membrane proteins and high molecular mass proteins, and can be used with various other bacterial species.

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Elucidation of a gene&#39;s function typically involves comparison of phenotypic traits of wild-type strains and strains in which the gene of interest has ...

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