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In This Article

  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Protocol
  • Representative Results
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Materials
  • References
  • Reprints and Permissions

Summary

Here, a protocol is presented for the efficient and accurate screening of tobacco genotypes for Phytophthora nicotianae resistance in seedlings. This is a practical approach for precision breeding, as well as molecular mechanism research.

Abstract

Black shank, caused by the oomycetes Phytophthora nicotianae, is destructive to tobacco, and this pathogen is highly pathogenic to many solanaceous crops. P. nicotianae is well adapted to high temperatures; therefore, research on this pathogen is gaining importance in agriculture worldwide because of global warming. P. nicotianae-resistant varieties of tobacco plants are commonly screened by inoculation with oat grains colonized by P. nicotianae and monitoring for the disease symptoms. However, it is difficult to quantify the inoculation intensity since accurate inoculation is crucial in this case. This study aimed to develop an efficient and reliable method for evaluating the resistance of tobacco to infection with P. nicotianae. This method has been successfully used to identify resistant varieties, and the inoculation efficiency was confirmed by real-time PCR. The resistance evaluation method presented in this study is efficient and practical for precision breeding, as well as molecular mechanism research.

Introduction

P. nicotianae is destructive to many solanaceous crops. It can cause tobacco "black shank"1, potato foliar and tuber rot2, tomato and sweet pepper crown and root rot3, and Goji collar and root rot4. P. nicotianae can attack all parts of tobacco plants, including the roots, stems, and leaves at any growing stage5. The most common symptom of the disease is the black base of the stalk. The roots are initially visible as water-soaked and then become necrotic, and the leaves show large circular lesions5. T....

Protocol

1. Materials

  1. Obtain tobacco varieties.
    NOTE: For this experiment "Beinhart1000-1" (a selection of Beinhart 1000) (BH) and "Xiaohuangjin1025" (XHJ) were obtained from the National Medium-term Genbank of the Tobacco Germplasm Resource of China. BH is resistant, whereas XHJ is susceptible to P. nicotianae infection16. A field isolate of P. nicotianae race 0, which was preserved in the Tobacco Research Institute of the Chinese Acade.......

Representative Results

4-week-old plants of the resistant variety BH and susceptible variety XHJ were challenged with P. nicotianae using the method presented in this article. The experiment was designed with three replicates, each with 8 plants per group. P. nicotianae infection of the two tobacco varieties, BH and XHJ, is presented in Figure 2. At 3 days post inoculation, for XHJ, stem lesions covered approximately one-half of the stem girth, and one-half of the leaves were slightly wilted; in .......

Discussion

Multiple resistance sources have been used to improve P. nicotianae resistance in cultivated tobacco. Single dominant R genes, Php and Phl, have been introgressed from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and Nicotiana longiflora, respectively10. The cigar tobacco variety Beinhart 1000 has the highest reported level of quantitative resistance to P. nicotianae13. Multiple interval mapping experiments have suggested that at least six.......

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571738) and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China (ASTIP-TRIC01).

....

Materials

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
(NH4)2SO4Sinopharm10002917Analytical Reagent
(NH4)6 Mo7O24•2 H2OSinopharmXW131067681Analytical Reagent
1.5 ml Safe-lock Microcentrifuge TubesEppendorf30120086Used for Sample Extarction
2 ml Safe-lock Microcentrifuge TubesEppendorf30120094Used for Sample Extarction
AgarMDBio, Inc9002-18-0Materials of Culture Medium
Analytical BalanceAOHAOSIAX2202ZHEquipment
AutoclaveYamatuoSQ510CEquipment
AutoclaveYAMATUOSQ510CEquipment
BeakerBio BestDHSB-2LMaterials of Culture Medium
Biological IncubatorJINGHONGSHP-250Equipment
Ca(NO3)2•4 H2OSinopharm80029062Analytical Reagent
CaCl2Sinopharm10005817Analytical Reagent
CuSO4•5 H2OSinopharm10008218Analytical Reagent
Electromagnetic OvenBio BestDHDCLEquipment
FeSO4•7 H2OSinopharm10002918Analytical Reagent
Filter PaperBio BestDHLZ-9CMMaterial
Fluorescence Ration PCR InstrumentRocheLightCycler96Equipment
GauzeBio Best17071202Materials of Culture Medium
H3BO3PhytotechnologyB210-500GAnalytical Reagent
HemocytometerSolarbio17072801Material for disease-resistant  identification
K2SO4Sinopharm10017918Analytical Reagent
KNO3Sinopharm10017218Analytical Reagent
KT Foam SheetBio BestDHKTBMaterial for Seedling
Low Constant IncubatorJinghongSHP-250Equipment
Measuring CylinderBio BestDHBLLT-1000MLMaterials of Culture Medium
MgSO4•7 H2OSinopharm10013080Analytical Reagent
MicroscopeECHORVL-100-GEquipment
MnCl2•4 H2OSinopharmG5468154Analytical Reagent
Na2-EDTASinopharmG21410-250Analytical Reagent
NaH2PO4•2 H2OSinopharm20040717Analytical Reagent
NH4NO3SinopharmB64586-100gAnalytical Reagent
OatmealBio BestDHYMP-1.5KGMaterials of Culture Medium
Petri DishBio BestDHPYM-9CMMaterial for disease-resistant  identification
PipettorTHERMOS1Equipment
PottingBio BestDHYCXHP-12CMMaterial for Seedling
Potting SoilBio BestDHYMJZ-50LSeedling Material
PunchBio BestDHDKWMaterial
qRT-PCR PlateMonadMQ50401SqRT-PCR Plate
SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR KitAccurate BiologyAG11718PCR Reagent
ToothpickBio BestDHYQ-900Material
Total RNA Kit IIOmegaR6934-01PCR Reagent
TransScript® II One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMixTransgenAH311-02PCR Reagent
TraysBio BestDHYMTP-90GMaterial for Seedling
VermiculiteBio BestDHZSSeedling Material
Water Purification SystemHEAL FORCEHSE68-2Equipment
ZnSO4•7 H2OSinopharm10024018Analytical Reagent

References

  1. Antonopoulos, D. F., Melton, T., Mila, A. L. Effects of chemical control, cultivar resistance, and structure of cultivar root system on black shank incidence of tobacco. Plant Disease. 94 (5), 613-620 (2010).
  2. Taylor, R. J., Pasche, J. S., Gallup, C. A., Shew, H. D., Gudmestad, N. C.

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