A Mouse Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Procedure Aided by Microscopy

Summary

Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been shown to result in remarkable liver regeneration after several weeks post first-stage surgery. Animal models that have undergone ALPPS have been developed to explore potential liver regeneration ability and achieve favorable clinical outcomes.

Abstract

Hepatectomy is widely regarded as the primary treatment for hepatic malignancies; yet, postoperative liver failure remains a major cause of perioperative mortality, severely impacting patient outcomes. In a robust hepatic environment, the future liver remnant (FLR) must exceed 25%, and in cases of cirrhosis, this requirement increases to over 40%. The inadequacy of FLR is currently a major obstacle in the progression of hepatic surgery.

Traditional methods to enhance FLR hypertrophy mainly focus on portal vein embolization (PVE), but its effectiveness is considerably limited. In recent years, there have been numerous reports on a novel biphasic hepatectomy method involving hepatic partitioning and portal vein ligation, known as associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS). ALPPS surpasses PVE in efficiently and considerably inducing FLR hypertrophy. However, the detailed mechanisms driving ALPPS-facilitated hepatic regeneration are not fully understood. Thus, replicating ALPPS in animal models is crucial to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms of hepatic regeneration, offering valuable theoretical and practical insights.

Introduction

The liver harbors formidable regenerative potential, swiftly proliferating and restoring metabolic demands within a mere 3 months following resection for diverse hepatic ailments¹. However, the imperative to ascertain the completeness of tumor margins necessitates the inevitability of expansive hepatic excision. Thus, ensuring an ample volume of the participatory hepatic milieu, known as the future liver remnant (FLR), assumes paramount importance². ALPPS has been a breakthrough technique in hepatic surgery over the past few decades, particularly tailored for patients with inadequate residual hepatic volume subsequent to....

Protocol

All experiments in this protocol were approved by the Veterinary Authorities of the Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (number 70/2022). Furthermore, all experimental steps were performed in strict compliance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

1. Start of surgery

NOTE: Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 20-22 g were housed in a well-ventilated cage, maintained in a standard pathogen-free environment with a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle. The animals were provided ad libitum access to food and water at a controlled ambient temperature of 22 ± 1 °C. The surgery was per....

Discussion

This study presents a protocol for the initial phase of ALPPS surgery in mice, involving partial ligation of the portal vein and division of the median liver lobe. This method closely mimics the human ALPPS procedure, with the mouse liver's unique lobular structure and dual portal venous supply to the median lobe ensuring distinct blood flow post-surgery¹¹. It is noteworthy that the ALPPS procedure comprises two distinct surgical stages. In this study, we exclusively present the initial stage .......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
5% glucose injection (500 mL)	Shapuaisi pharma (http://www.zjspas.com/)	H20003666	Efficient, cheap,Easy to access
anaesthesia machine	RWD (www.rwdls.com)	R500	low price and valuable quality. It is suitable for operations with beginners
C57 BL/6	The Jackson Lab	22349-2023	Stability of strains
isoflurane	KCSW (kcsw.szqisoubao.com)	H19980141	durable, cost-effective
meloxicam	Boehringer-Ingelheim	H20020217	Durable and efficient
microforceps	maydeal	60018920	Durable and efficient
microinstrument	CH microsurgical instrument factory	HC-A804-1	durable, cost-effective
sodium lactate ringer	Shapuaisi pharma (http://www.zjspas.com/)	H20193277	Efficient, cheap, easy to access
suture line	CH microsurgical instrument factory	6-0/8-0	high performance-price ratio
topical antibodies	chenxin pharmacology (www.cisen-pharma.com)	H20020217	Effectively avoid incision infection