Transcutaneous Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Treating Varicocele-Induced Scrotal Pain

Summary

This protocol outlines the use of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treating varicocele-induced scrotal pain. It compares visual analog scale (VAS) scores and imaging changes before and after treatment to assess effectiveness. Results indicate that patients experienced improved scrotal pain symptoms following the treatment.

Abstract

Varicocele is a prevalent vascular disorder affecting the male reproductive system, leading to scrotal pain and testicular dysfunction. Epidemiological studies have shown that varicocele occurs in approximately 10% to 15% of adult males, while scrotal pain affects 2% to 10% of the population. Currently, clinical treatment options for varicocele-induced scrotal pain include general therapy, medication, and surgery. Among these, surgical intervention is considered the most effective method, boasting a success rate of 80%. However, it carries risks such as postoperative bleeding, infection, and recurrence, making it less desirable for some patients. In recent years, transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation has gained wide acceptance for treating various andrological conditions, including erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, yielding positive outcomes. This non-invasive technique offers a promising alternative for managing varicocele-induced scrotal pain, potentially reducing the need for surgical intervention and its associated risks. Its growing popularity underscores the need for further research and clinical trials to validate its efficacy and safety in treating this condition.

Introduction

Varicocele is a prevalent vascular abnormality affecting the male reproductive system, characterized by the enlargement, elongation, and tortuosity of the spermatic cord's venous plexus. It often leads to scrotal pain, discomfort, and progressive testicular hypogonadism, and is a major contributing factor to male infertility. Epidemiological studies have shown that varicocele affects approximately 10% to 15% of adult males. Among infertile men, the prevalence of varicocele can reach 40%, and scrotal pain occurs in 2% to 10% of cases¹.

Varicose veins commonly occur on the left side of the spermatic cord, which can....

Protocol

Prior to implementation, the Institutional Review Board of The Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital thoroughly assessed and granted approval for all procedures detailed in the subsequent protocol. In this study, patients are provided with comprehensive explanations of the processes involved, and their informed consent is duly obtained before employing electrophysiological technology for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The details of the reagents and equipment used are listed in the Table of Materials

Discussion

The etiology of testicular pain in varicocele remains elusive, with potential mechanisms including increased testicular temperature, oxidative stress, testicular hypoxic injury, endocrine factors, and the involvement of renal/adrenal metabolic toxicity. When alternative causes of scrotal pain are excluded, and conservative treatment proves ineffective, surgical intervention becomes a crucial therapeutic approach for patients suffering from painful varicocele. Surgical techniques include retroperitoneal or inguinal approa.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Low frequency neuromuscular therapy device	Foshan Shanshan Datang Medical Technology Company	BioStim pro	Detachable and portable therapeutic instruments
Medical infrared thermal imager	Foshan Shanshan Datang Medical Technology Company	PRISM 640A, PRISM 384A	Instrument for infrared thermal imaging scanning of the human body
Medical infrared thermal imaging system	Foshan Shanshan Datang Medical Technology Company	PRISM X 1.0.3	Medical infrared thermal imager supporting computer system
Surface electrodes for physical therapy	Foshan Shanshan Datang Medical Technology Company	JB50100, E6596, B50180	Electrode plate