Isolation and Cryopreservation of Highly Viable Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Whole Blood: A Guide for Beginners

Summary

This protocol presents an accessible guide for collecting, storing, and thawing peripheral blood mononuclear cells suitable for downstream analyses and workflows like flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Plasma and buffy coat collections are also demonstrated.

Abstract

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used in biomedical research on the immune system and its response to disease and pathogens. This detailed protocol describes the equipment, supplies, and steps for isolating, cryopreserving, and thawing high-quality and highly viable PBMCs from whole blood cells suitable for downstream applications such as flow cytometry and RNA-sequencing. Protocols for processing plasma and buffy coat from the whole blood in parallel and concurrently with PBMCs are also described. This easy-to-follow step-by-step protocol, which utilizes density gradient centrifugation to isolate PBMCs, is accompanied by a checklist of supplies, equipment, and preparation steps. This protocol is suitable for individuals with any prior experience with laboratory techniques and can be implemented in clinical or research laboratories. High-quality cell viability and RNA sequencing resulted from PBMCs collected by operators with no prior laboratory experience using this protocol.

Introduction

This protocol demonstrates an accessible method and workflow for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood. This protocol is especially targeted towards novice research technicians, students, and clinical lab staff with the objective of facilitating the collection and cryopreservation of PBMCs without assuming prior training in laboratory techniques.

This protocol utilizes centrifugation to separate the components of whole blood by density. Whole blood consists of four main components listed in order of decreasing density: red blood cells/erythrocytes (~45% of volume), white blood cel....

Protocol

The study protocol was approved by the UCSD and KUMC Human Protections Program and conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki. All individuals provided informed consent for participation and blood collection.

1. Processing and cryopreservation of PBMCs

1. One day prior to the blood collection, print out the checklist of materials and reagents listed in Table 2 and prepare and label accordingly.
   NOTE: This protocol was designed for the collection o.......

Discussion

This protocol for PBMC collection and cryopreservation has been successfully implemented by individuals with and without prior research laboratory training. In our application, FACS and RNA-sequencing of highly viable monocytes purified from stored PBMCs resulted in high-quality sequences.

A major strength of this protocol is its accessibility. The technique presented in the protocol utilizes tubes pre-packed with a solid-density gradient medium. As a result, whole blood can be collected direc.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
1000 µL Tips	Gilson	F174501	Approximately 3 tips needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
15 mL tube	Biopioneeer	CNT-15	To hold Solutions 2/3 2 needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
2 mL Cryovials	Globe Scientific	3012	Approximately 40 cryovials needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
20 µL Tips	Gilson	F174201	For use in cell counting; volume needed is dependent on method of cell counting used. 1 tip is needed per 1 mL of unpooled frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
50 mL Conical Tube	CEM Corporation	50-187-7683	2 needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection 3 needed per 1 mL of unpooled frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
CD14 Antibody	Biolegend	325621
CD16 Antibody	Biolegend	360723
CD19 Antibody	Biolegend	363007
CD3 Antibody	Biolegend	300405
CD56 Antibody	Biolegend	318303
CD66b Antibody	Biolegend	305103
Cell Strainer	Biopioneeer	DGN258367	1 needed per 1 mL of unpooled frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
CPT Mononuclear Cell Preparation Tube	BD Biosciences	362753	6 tubes needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Cryo Freezer Box	Southern Labware	SB2CC-81	Holds 81 tubes 1 needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Cryotube Rack	Fisherbrand	05-669-45	Holds up to 50 cryovials
DMSO	Invitrogen	15575020	Approximately 2.5 mL needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water	Invitrogen	10977015	Approximately 2 mL needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection Approximately 9 mL needed per 1 mL of frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
EDTA Tubes	BD Biosciences	366643	1 tube needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Flavopiridol	Sigma-Aldrich	F3055-5MG
HLA-DR Antibody	Biolegend	307609
Human Serum Albumin	GeminiBio	800-120	Approximately 25 mL needed per patient or treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Human Trustain FcX	Biolegend	422301
Isopropanol	Sigma-Aldrich	W292912-1KG-K	For use in Mr. Frosty
Label Printer	Phomemo	M110-WH
Live-Dead Stain	Biolegend	423105
Mr. Frosty	Thermo Scientific	5100-0001	Holds up to 18 tubes. 2 Mr. Frostys needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Multidispense Pipette	Brandtech	705110
Multidispense Pipette Tips	Brandtech	705744	Approximately 3 tips needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
P1000 Pipette	Gilson	F144059M
P20 Pipette	Gilson	F144056M	For use in cell counting; volume needed is dependent on method of cell counting used.
Printer Labels	Phomemo	PM-M110-3020	Approximately 45 labels needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection Approximately 5 labels needed per 1 mL of unpooled frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
RNase-Free EDTA (0.5 M)	Invitrogen	AM9260G	Approximately 40 µL needed per 1 mL of frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
RNase-Free PBS (10X)	Invitrogen	AM9625	Approximately 1 mL needed per 1 mL of frozen PBMCs to be defrosted
RNasin	Promega	N2111
RPMI	Corning	10-040-CV	Approximately 80 mL needed per patient or treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Transfer Pipettes	Fisherbrand	13-711-7M	Approximately 5 needed per patient/treatment condition for PBMC/Plasma/Buffy Coat Collection
Tube Holder	Endicott-Seymour	14-781-15	Holds up to 80 CPT/EDTA Tubes