Bu çalışma JY Sağlık Hibe 5KO8DK085136-02 Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1.. Kolon Doku elde Fare Mantığını ve araştırma hedefleri detaylandıran, hayvan deneyleri gerçekleştirmek için bir protokol, teslim ve Hayvancılık Araştırma Gözetim bizim kurumsal Dairesi tarafından onaylandı. <ol><li> Servikal dislokasyon inhale izofluran ile fare Euthanize. </li><li> Ventral orta hat kesi yapmak, uzakta küçük bağırsak geri çekin ve kolon tanımlamak. Yanal mesane ve rahim (varsa) geri çekin ve kasık kemiği belirlemek ve rektum maruz ince makasla kesti. </li><li> Kolon kapalı rektum dorsal mezenter incelemek ve anüs çekum kolon harekete ve küçük bağırsak kolon kesmek için transect. </li><li> Buz soğukluğunda fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su (PBS) &#39;de örnek yerleştirin. </li><li> Buz gibi soğuk PBS ile bir 10 ml şırınga doldurun ve kolon ope kesilmiş, daha sonra içeriğini temizlemek için birkaç kez lümen kolon temizlemen boy-bilge makas kullanarak. </li><li> Buz soğukluğunda PBS ile 20 ml içeren, 50 ml konik bir tüp içinde kolon yerleştirin. Kolon, herhangi bir yönde yerleştirilmiş olmak zorunda değildir. Akışkan, partikül madde ile temizlenene kadar PBS değiştirerek kolon yıkayın. </li></ol> Insan Bu dokusunun yanısıra, potansiyel riskleri ve yararları bir değerlendirmesini elde önemini ayrıntılı, cerrahi hastalarında insan dokusu elde etmek bir protokol, teslim ve İnsan Araştırma Koruma Programı bizim kurumsal Dairesi tarafından onaylandı. <ol><li> Bir kolorektal cerrah ile araştırma işbirliği araştırma için insan doku elde edebilmek için gereklidir. Insan kolon dokusu elde etmek için bir protokol gönderilen ve kurumsal inceleme kurulu tarafından onaylanmış olması gerekir. </li><li> Yazılı izin önce cerrahi prosedür için hastadan elde edilir. </li><li> Cerrah standında bir kolon rezeksiyonu yapacakard moda. Kolon hastadan çıkarıldıktan sonra, numune, hemen patolojiye alınır. Patolojik değerlendirilmesi için gerekli değildir kolon duvarının tam kat bölümünde 0,5 sağlanır ve hemen buz soğukluğunda PBS yerleştirilir. Bu numune kolon mezenter içermemelidir ve yağ mevcudiyeti, sindirim süreci etkiler çünkü epiploik uzantılar, aynı zamanda kaldırılması gerekir. </li></ol> 2. Epitel Hücreleri soymak <ol><li> 50 ml konik bir tüp içinde HBSS içinde 5 mM EDTA (oda sıcaklığı) 25 ml tüm fare kolon inkübe edin. 15 dakika boyunca 37 ° C hava banyosu çalkalanarak (250 rpm) &#39;de konik tüp yerleştirin. 15 dakika sonra, dikkatli bir şekilde sıvı dökün ve 5 mM EDTA, 25 ml dolum tüpü, 5 yıkama toplam tekrarlayın. Insan kolon için, patolog gelen kolon duvarının ½ inç şeridi aldıktan sonra dört eşit büyüklükte parçalara makasla kolon kesti. Bir 50 ml konik bir tüp içine parçalarının iki yerleştirin veAyrı bir 50 mL konik tüp içine kolon dokusunun geri kalan iki adet yerleştirin. Daha sonra yukarıda tarif edildiği gibi, HBSS içinde 5 mM EDTA, 25 ml ile inkübe edilir ve yıkama yapar. </li><li> Buz soğukluğunda 20 ml PBS içinde iki kez kolon durulayın. </li><li> RPMI-5 20 ml, dispaz 10 U ve kolajenaz D 2000 U (oda sıcaklığı) içeren yeni bir 50 ml konik bir tüp içinde, fare kolon doku yerleştirin. Insan kolon dokusunun için, dispaz ve kolajenaz iki katı (20 U dispaz, 4000 U kolajenaz D) kullanın. </li><li> (Yatay yerleştirilmiş ise, çok fazla havalandırma ve hücre hasarı var) dikey yönelimli bir 37 ° C sallayarak hava banyoda tüpü yerleştirin. Kadar 60 dakika boyunca 250 rpm&#39;de çalkalanır. Dispase ve kollajenaz D maruz kaldıktan sonra, kolon doku sindirimi başlayacak ve kolon doku lifli bakmaya başlayacaktır. Bu genellikle yaklaşık 30 dakika sürer. Bu kolon görünüme sahip olduğunda, enzimlerden kolon çıkarın. </li><li> Dokusu kırmak için yukarı ve aşağı 2-4 kez her tüpü çalkalayın. P5 dakika boyunca masa üstü bir santrifüj (4 ° C) de 200 xg&#39;de doku ellet. Dikkatlice süpernatant dökün ve atın. </li></ol> 3. Miyofibroblast İzolasyon ve Kültür <ol><li> 10 ml ACK lisiz tamponu (47 ° C) eklenerek her pelet tekrar. Tekrar santrifüj 5 dakika (4 ° C) için 200 xg, kapalı dökün ve süpernatant atın. </li><li> Bir pipet ile 10 ml RPMI-5 ekleyerek her pelet tekrar. </li><li> Bir 100 mm TC-muamele kabı içine 10 ml&#39;lik bir pipet kullanılarak 70 mikron gözenekli süzgeç vasıtasıyla hücre süspansiyonu (5 mi) arasında yarı geçirir. Daha sonra RPMI-5 ek bir 15 ml. Farklı 100 mm TC-muamele kabına hücre süspansiyonu geri kalan 5 ml ile tekrarla. Bir fare kolon nedenle iki 100 mm TC-muamele yemekler verecektir. Insan kolon dokusunun ½ bir inçlik tabaka, dört adet 100-mm TC-muamele yemekler, toplam ürün olarak verecektir. </li><li> 37 ° C&#39;de% 10 CO2 inkübatör doku kültür kaplarına yerleştirin Kültür koşulları aynı fya da fare ve insan birincil hücreler. </li><li> 3 saat sonra, yavaşça HBSS iki değişiklik ile yıkanarak yapışmayan hücreler yıkayın. Enkaz kayan nazikçe yıkanmalıdır. Yapışık hücreler epitel hücreleri, makrofajlar ve miyofibroblastlar oluşmaktadır. Bir hafta sonrası tohumlama, sadece bölme miyofibroblastlar, makrofajlar ve epitel hücreleri ilk geçişinden sonra senesce. Taze RPMI-5&#39;i ilave edin ve hücre kültüründe hücreler büyür. </li><li> Hücreler, 5 dakika boyunca tripsinizasyon ile pasajlanır ve 2:1 bölünür. </li></ol> Kısaltmalar HBSS: Hank&#39;in dengeli tuz çözeltisi, RPMI-5: Roswell Park Memorial Institute medya; ACK: Amonyum Klorür-Potasyum; FCS: fetal buzağı serumu, TC-tedavi: doku kültürü tedavi Çözümler ACK lisiz tamponu - (4.15 g NH4CI, 0.5 g KHCO 3, 18.6 mg Na 2 EDTA, 400 ml 2 H, O, 1 N HCI ile 7.2-7.4 pH ayarlamak için). Filtre Sterilize bir 0.2 mikron filtre ve mağaza üzerinden 4 ° C&#39;de RPMI-5 - (500 ml yapmak için: 454,5 ml RPMI, 25 mi FCS, 5 ml 200 mM L-glutamin, 5 ml 1 M HEPES, pH 7.4, 5 mi 100 mM sodyum piruvat, 5 ml 100x Pen-Strep, PBS içinde 500 ml 50 mM B-ME).

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Yazarlar ifşa hiçbir şey yok.

Fare ya da insan kolon kullanarak zaman genel teknik benzer. Bu teknik aynı zamanda ince bağırsaktan miyofibroblastlar izole etmek için kullanılabilir. 1 ila miyofibroblastlar izolasyonu için özel bilgiler. Fare ve 2. insan kolon aşağıda tartışılmaktadır. 1.. Fare Kolon Fare kolon sulama kolonun bir ucuna 16 G Popper küt uç iğne, bir 4 takılarak kolaylaştırılır. Uzunlamasına kolon kesim bu da yardımcı olur. Sen iğne üzerine kolon doku Akor...

Gastrointestinal (Gİ) sistem fonksiyonunun düzenlenmesi mukoza tabakası ve onun altında yatan mezenşimin arasındaki karmaşık, dinamik etkileşimleri içerir. Bu etkileşimler, normal dengesini korumak için hizmet değil, aynı zamanda patolojik koşullar altında 1 hastalık durumlarının gelişmesine yol açabilir. Miyofibroblastlar mukozal rejenerasyon, onarım ve fibrozis 2 içeren kritik Gİ süreçlerin bir dizi düzenleyen hücre subpopülasyonunun ülkelerle birlikte bir parakrin iletişim epitel tabakası alttaki bulunan stromal hücrelerin bir alt vardır. İn situ miyofibroblastlar primer özelliklerinin çok paylaştığı için 18Co hücre hattı yaygın olarak miyofibroblast fonksiyonu çalışma için kullanılmıştır, insan kolon miyofibroblast hücre hattının bir örneğidir. Bunlar protein a-düz kas aktin ekspresyonu (α-SMA) ve vimentin yanı sıra, bir dizi ekspresyonunu içerirörneğin, epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptörü, ya da lizofosfatidik asit, 3,4 için reseptör olarak, hücre yüzeyi reseptörlerinin. Çünkü bu ortak ince yapı özellikleri, hem de biyolojik işlevi 5 benzerlikler, 18Co hücre hattı, enflamatuar barsak hastalığı veya kolorektal kanser 3,6 gibi birçok hastalık durumlarının bağlamında miyofibroblast fonksiyonunu incelemek için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, hücre satırını kullanarak doğal sınırlamalar ve endişeler vardır. Bu büyüme oranları ve diğer hücre popülasyonları ile etkileşimler de dahil olmak üzere hücrenin fenotipini ve biyolojik işlevi değiştirerek, primer hücrelerden hücre çizgileri ayıran zamanla genotipik instabilitedir. Hücre hatları, aynı zamanda kullanımı için önemli bir sınırlamadır GI mikro-(epitel, stromal ve vasküler bileşenlerinin), normal bileşenleri eksikliği. Bu nedenle, deneysel hücre çizgisi araştırmadan çıkan sonuçlar ri azaltmak için daha fazla doğrulama gerektirirmisinterpretation sk. Birincil miyofibroblastlar bir hücre hattı 7 belirlenen deneysel bulguları teyit etmek için, insan ve fare kolon dokusundan elde edilebilir. Yöntem ilk Mahida, et al. 8 tarafından tarif edilen, ve protokol, fare ve insan kolon 9 birincil miyofibroblastlar izole etmek için de kullanılabilir, çok iyi tarif edilen tekniklerden biridir. Bağırsak hastalığının herhangi bir fare modeli için, bu teknik, bunlar komşu hücreler ile etkileşime nasıl çalışma veya normal ya da patolojik GI 10,11 süreçleri iki katkı birincil miyofibroblastlar izole etmek için kullanılabilir. Bu teknik miyofibroblastlar şifa, fibrozis, ve kolorektal adenom ve karsinom gelişimine mukozal nasıl katkıda incelemek için kullanılabilir. Birincil miyofibroblastlar da benign (iltihaplı bağırsak hastalığı, striktür, divertikülit) ya da kötü huylu c operasyon zamanında rezeke edilmiş insan kolon dokusundan elde edilebilirşartlarından. İnsan ve fare kolon dokusundan izole edilmiş primer hücrelerde hücre kültürü içinde büyütülmüş ve pasajların sınırlı sayıda üzerinde kullanılabilir.

Table of specific reagents and equipment:
<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <th>Name of the reagent</th>
 <th>Company</th>
 <th>Catalogue number</th>
 <th>Comments (optional)</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dispase I</td>
 <td>Invitrogen/GIBCO</td>
 <td>#17105-041</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Collagenase D</td>
 <td>Roche</td>
 <td>#1 088 858</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>4 in, 16 G Popper blunt-end needle</td>
 <td>Fisher</td>
 <td>#14-825-16K</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

isolation of primary myofibroblasts from mouse and human colon tissue

Miyofibroblast çok GI fonksiyonları kritik rolü için önemli bir önem kazanmaktadır mide-bağırsak (GI) sistemi içinde bir stromal hücresidir. Birkaç miyofibroblast hücre çizgileri bu hücrelerin in vitro çalışma için ticari olarak mevcut olmakla birlikte, deneysel hücre kültür koşullarına maruz bırakılan bir hücre hattından araştırma sonuçları işin aşırı indirgemeci doğası gereği doğal sınırlamaları vardır. Birincil miyofibroblastlann bir hücre çizgisinde tespit deneysel bulguları teyit açısından büyük bir avantaj sunmaktadır. Bir hayvan modelinde birincil miyofibroblastlar izolasyonu daha yakından hastalık durumu çalışılmaktadır taklit eden şartlar altında miyofibroblastlar çalışma sağlar. Hücreler altta yatan hastalığı olan hastalarda doğrudan gelir beri insan kolon dokusundan birincil miyofibroblastlar izolasyonu, tartışmasız en uygun deneysel verileri sağlar. Biz u olabilir köklü bir tekniği açıklarFare ve insan kolon dokusunun hem birincil miyofibroblastlar izole etmek tilized. Bu izole edilmiş hücreler, bağırsak epitel altı miyofibroblastlar tutarlı a-düz kas aktin ve vimentin pozitif ve desmin-negatif olmak karakterize edilmiştir. Birincil miyofibroblast hücreler hücre kültürü içinde büyütülmüş ve pasajların sınırlı sayıda fazla deneysel amaçlar için kullanılabilir.

Bir kez izole edilmiş, birincil insan miyofibroblastlar hücre kültürü içinde yetiştirilen ve (geçit 4 kadar) geçişlerinin sınırlı sayıda üzerinde kullanılabilir. Bu hücreler, bağırsak epitel altı miyofibroblastlar 5,7 ile tutarlı a-düz kas aktin ve vimentin pozitif olarak karakterize edilir ve desmin-negatif (Şekil 1A) vardır. Ayrıca, tipik bir yıldız şeklinde bir morfoloji (Şekil 1 B) vardır. Birincil miyofibroblastlar daha sonra bir hücre çiz...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue at JoVE.com

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

Miyofibroblast normal ve hastalık her iki durumda önemli fizyolojik işlemleri düzenleyen gastrointestinal sistemin etkili bir stromal hücresidir. Biz, fare ve in vitro deney için kullanılabilir insan kolon dokusu, hem birincil miyofibroblastlar izolasyonu sağlayan bir tekniği açıklar.

Fare ve İnsan Kolon Doku Primer miyofibroblastlar İzolasyonu

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

isolation-of-primary-myofibroblasts-from-mouse-and-human-colon-tissue

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

19.5K Görüntüleme.  UCLA.  Miyofibroblast normal ve hastalık her iki durumda önemli fizyolojik işlemleri düzenleyen gastrointestinal sistemin etkili bir stromal hücresidir. Biz, fare ve in vitro deney için kullanılabilir insan kolon dokusu, hem birincil miyofibroblastlar izolasyonu sağlayan bir tekniği açıklar. 

Video: Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

Neuronal Nuclei Isolation from Human Postmortem Brain Tissue

Neurons in the human brain become postmitotic largely during prenatal development, and thus maintain their nuclei throughout the full lifespan. However, little is known about changes in neuronal chromatin and nuclear organization during the course of development and aging, or in chronic neuropsychiatric disease. However, to date most chromatin and DNA based assays (other than FISH) lack single cell resolution. To this end, the considerable cellular heterogeneity of brain tissue poses a significant limitation, because typically various subpopulations of neurons are intermingled with different types of glia and other non-neuronal cells. One possible solution would be to grow cell-type specific cultures, but most CNS cells, including neurons, are ex vivo sustainable, at best, for only a few weeks and thus would provide an incomplete model for epigenetic mechanisms potentially operating across the full lifespan.  Here, we provide a protocol to extract and purify nuclei from frozen (never fixed) human postmortem brain. The method involves extraction of nuclei in hypotonic lysis buffer, followed by ultracentrifugation and immunotagging with anti-NeuN antibody. Labeled neuronal nuclei are then collected separately using fluorescence-activated sorting. This method should be applicable to any brain region in a wide range of species and suitable for chromatin immunoprecipitation studies with site- and modification-specific anti-histone antibodies, and for DNA methylation and other assays. 

The cellular heterogeneity of brain tissue poses a significant limitation for the study of epigenetic markings in chromatin because most assays lack single cell resolution. Neurons typically are intermingled with glia and other non-neuronal cells. We provide a protocol to extract and collect neuronal nuclei from human brain.

İnsan Postmortem Beyin Dokusu Nöronal Çekirdekler İzolasyon

Neurons in the human brain become postmitotic largely during prenatal development, and thus maintain their nuclei throughout the full lifespan. However, ...

Biyoloji

Isolation of Immune Cells from Primary Tumors

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various chemokines and growth factors 1,2. However, once in the TME, these cells lose the ability to promote anti-tumor immunity and begin to support tumor growth and down-regulate anti-tumor immune responses 3-4. Studies on tumor-associated leukocytes have mainly focused on cells isolated from tumor-draining lymph nodes or spleen due to the inherent difficulties in obtaining sufficient cell numbers and purity from the primary tumor. While identifying the mechanisms of cell activation and trafficking through the lymphatic system of tumor bearing mice is important and may give insight to the kinetics of immune responses to cancer, in our experience, many leukocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs), in tumor-draining lymph nodes have a different phenotype than those that infiltrate tumors 5,6 . Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that adoptively-transferred T cells isolated from the tumor-draining lymph nodes are not tolerized and are capable of responding to secondary stimulation in vitro unlike T cells isolated from the TME, which are tolerized and incapable of proliferation or cytokine production 7,8. Interestingly, we have shown that changing the tumor microenvironment, such as providing CD4+ T helper cells via adoptive transfer, promotes CD8+ T cells to maintain pro-inflammatory effector functions 5. The results from each of the previously mentioned studies demonstrate the importance of measuring cellular responses from TME-infiltrating immune cells as opposed to cells that remain in the periphery. To study the function of immune cells which infiltrate tumors using the Miltenyi Biotech isolation system9, we have modified and optimized this antibody-based isolation procedure to obtain highly enriched populations of antigen presenting cells and tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The protocol includes a detailed dissection of murine prostate tissue from a spontaneous prostate tumor model (TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate -TRAMP) 10 and a subcutaneous melanoma (B16) tumor model followed by subsequent purification of various leukocyte populations.

In this report, we describe a protocol for isolating highly purified populations of leukocytes that infiltrate tumors. This protocol is adapted from the Miltenyi Biotech protocol to enhance yield and purity for isolating cells from complex tumor tissue.

Primer Tümörler gelen Bağışıklık Hücre İzolasyonu

Tumors create a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment (tumor microenvironment, TME) whereby leukocytes are recruited into the tumor by various ...

Na&iuml;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell populations have been identified in human skin 1-4. The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors was first reported by Miller F. D laboratory 5, 6. These early studies described a multipotent precursor cell population from adult mammalian dermis 5. These cells--termed SKPs, for skin-derived precursors-- were isolated and expanded from rodent and human skin and differentiated into both neural and mesodermal progeny, including cell types never found in skin, such as neurons 5. Immunocytochemical studies on cultured SKPs revealed that cells expressed vimentin and nestin, an intermediate filament protein expressed in neural and skeletal muscle precursors, in addition to fibronectin and multipotent stem cell markers 6. Until now, the adult stem cells population SKPs have been isolated from freshly collected mammalian skin biopsies.
Recently, we have established and reported that a population of skin derived precursor cells could remain present in primary fibroblast cultures established from skin biopsies 7. The assumption that a few somatic stem cells might reside in primary fibroblast cultures at early population doublings was based upon the following observations: (1) SKPs and primary fibroblast cultures are derived from the dermis, and therefore a small number of SKP cells could remain present in primary dermal fibroblast cultures and (2) primary fibroblast cultures grown from frozen aliquots that have been subjected to unfavorable temperature during storage or transfer contained a small number of cells that remained viable 7. These rare cells were able to expand and could be passaged several times. This observation suggested that a small number of cells with high proliferation potency and resistance to stress were present in human fibroblast cultures 7.
We took advantage of these findings to establish a protocol for rapid isolation of adult stem cells from primary fibroblast cultures that are readily available from tissue banks around the world (Figure 1). This method has important significance as it allows the isolation of precursor cells when skin samples are not accessible while fibroblast cultures may be available from tissue banks, thus, opening new opportunities to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases as well as modeling diseases in a dish.

Na&amp;#239;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

We report a method to isolate na&#239;ve multipotent skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells from primary human fibroblast cultures. We show that these SKPs derived from fibroblast cultures share similar stem cell properties to the ones derived directly from human skin biopsies. These cells express the neural crest marker, nestin, in addition to the multipotent markers such as OCT4 and Nanog.

İlköğretim İnsan fibroblast Kültürler gelen naif Erişkin Kök Hücre İzolasyon

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell  populations have been identified in human skin 1-4.  The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors ...

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Comparison between two or more distinct groups, such as healthy vs. disease, is necessary to determine cellular status. Mitochondria are at the nexus of cell heath due to their role in both cell metabolism and energy production as well as control of apoptosis. Therefore, direct evaluation of isolated mitochondria and mitochondrial perturbation offers the ability to determine if organelle-specific (dys)function is occurring. The methods described in this protocol include isolation of intact, functional mitochondria from HEK cultured cells and mouse liver and spinal cord, but can be easily adapted for use with other cultured cells or animal tissues. Mitochondrial function assessed by TMRE and the use of common mitochondrial uncouplers and inhibitors in conjunction with a fluorescent plate reader allow this protocol not only to be versatile and accessible to most research laboratories, but also offers high throughput.

Comparison of mitochondrial membrane potential between samples yields valuable information about cellular status. Detailed steps for isolating mitochondria and assessing response to inhibitors and uncouplers using fluorescence are described. The method and utility of this protocol are illustrated by use of a cell culture and animal model of cellular stress.

İzolasyon ve Kültür Hücrelerinin ve Fare Doku gelen Mitokondri Fonksiyonel Analizi

Comparison between two or more distinct groups, such as healthy vs. disease, is necessary to determine cellular status. Mitochondria are at the nexus of ...

Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, and subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase for 25 min. Human esophageal resection specimens are stripped of muscularis propria and adventitia and the remaining mucosa is minced, and subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase for up to 6 hr. Cultured cells express &#945;-SMA and vimentin and express desmin weakly or not at all. Culture conditions are not conducive to growth of epithelial, hematopoietic, or endothelial cells. Culture purity is further confirmed by flow cytometric evaluation of cell surface marker expression of potential contaminating hematopoietic and endothelial cells. The described technique is straightforward and results in consistent generation of non-hematopoieitc, non-endothelial stromal cells. Limitations of this technique are inherent to the use of primary cultures in molecular biology studies, i.e., the unavoidable variability encountered among cultures established across different mice or humans. Primary cultures however are a more representative reflection of the in vivo state compared to cell lines. These methods also provide investigators the ability to isolate and culture stromal cells from different clinical and experimental conditions, allowing comparisons between groups. Characterized esophageal stromal cells can also be used in functional studies investigating epithelial-stromal interactions in esophageal disorders.

We present a protocol to generate primary cultures of murine and human esophageal stromal cells with a myofibroblast phenotype. Cultured cells have spindle shaped morphology, express &#945;-SMA and vimentin, and lack epithelial, hematopoietic and endothelial cell surface markers. Characterized stromal cells can be used in functional studies of epithelial-stromal interactions.

Fare ve İnsan Özofagus gelen miyofibroblastların izolasyonu

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, ...

Isolation and Primary Culture of Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an important model for cardiovascular disease research. This study demonstrates a simple method to isolate and culture endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without any special equipment. To isolate endothelial cells, the thoracic aorta is quickly removed from the mouse body, and the attached adipose tissue and connective tissue are removed from the aorta. The aorta is cut into 1 mm rings. Each aortic ring is opened and seeded onto a growth factor reduced matrix with the endothelium facing down. The segments are cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for about 4 days. The endothelial sprouting starts as early as day 2. The segments are then removed and the cells are cultured continually until they reach confluence. The endothelial cells are harvested using neutral proteinase and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium for another two passages before being used for experiments. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that after the second passage the majority of cells were double positive for Dil-ac-LDL uptake, Lectin binding, and CD31 staining, the typical characteristics of endothelial cells. It is suggested that cells at the second to third passages are suitable for in vitro and in vivo experiments to study the endothelial biology. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying specific cellular and molecular mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

The vascular endothelial cells play a significant role in many important cardiovascular disorders. This article describes a simple method to isolate and expand endothelial cells from the mouse aorta without using any special equipment. Our protocol provides an effective means of identifying mechanisms in endothelial cell physiopathology.

İzolasyon ve Fare aort endotel hücreleri İlköğretim Kültür

The vascular endothelium is essential to normal vascular homeostasis. Its dysfunction participates in various cardiovascular disorders. The mouse is an ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin defense by forming an intact skin barrier against environmental insults, such as UVB irradiation or pathogens, and also by initiating an inflammatory response upon those insults. Here we describe methods to isolate KCs from neonatal mouse skin and from adult mouse tail skin. We also describe culturing conditions using defined growth supplements (dGS) in comparison to chelexed fetal bovine serum (cFBS). Functionally, we show that both neonatal and adult KCs are highly responsive to high calcium-induced terminal differentiation, tight junction formation and stratification. Additionally, cultured adult KCs are susceptible to UVB-triggered cell death and can release large amounts of TNF upon UVB irradiation. Together, the methods described here will be useful to researchers for the setup of in vitro models to study epidermal biology in the neonatal mouse and/or the adult mouse.

Epidermal keratinocytes form a functional skin barrier and are positioned at the front line of host defense against external environmental insults. Here we describe methods for isolation and primary culture of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal and adult mouse skin, and induction of terminal differentiation and UVB-triggered inflammatory response from keratinocytes.

Yenidoğan ve Erişkin Fare Ciltlerindeki Primer Fare Keratinositlerin İzolasyonu ve Kültürü

The keratinocyte (KC) is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epidermal KCs play a critical role in providing skin ...

Isolation and Characterization of Adult Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that mitigate fibrosis. However, fibroblast research has been hindered due to the lack of universally acceptable fibroblast markers to identify quiescent as well as activated fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are a heterogenous cell population, making them difficult to isolate and characterize. The presented protocol describes three different methods to enrich fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts. Using a standard and reliable protocol to isolate fibroblasts will enable the study of their roles in homeostasis as well as fibrosis modulation.

Obtaining a pure population of fibroblasts is crucial to studying their role in wound repair and fibrosis. Described here is a detailed method to isolate fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts followed by characterization of their purity and functionality by immunofluorescence, RTPCR, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, and collagen gel contraction.

Erişkin Kardiyak Fibroblastlar ve Miyofibroblastların İzolasyon ve Karakterizasyonu

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that ...

Generation of Murine Primary Colon Epithelial Monolayers from Intestinal Crypts

The intestinal epithelium is comprised of a single layer of cells that act as a barrier between the gut lumen and the interior of the body. Disruption in the continuity of this barrier can result in inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. One of the limitations in the study of intestinal epithelial biology has been the lack of primary cell culture models, which has obliged researchers to use model cell lines derived from carcinomas. The advent of three dimensional (3D) enteroids has given epithelial biologists a powerful tool to generate primary cell cultures, nevertheless, these structures are embedded in extracellular matrix and lack the maturity characteristic of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. Several techniques to generate intestinal epithelial monolayers have been published, but most are derived from established 3D enteroids making the process laborious and expensive. Here we describe a protocol to generate primary epithelial colon monolayers directly from murine intestinal crypts. We also detail experimental approaches that can be used with this model such as the generation of confluent cultures on permeable filters, confluent monolayer for scratch wound healing studies and sparse and confluent monolayers for immunofluorescence analysis.

In this protocol, we describe how to generate murine primary epithelial colon monolayers directly from intestinal crypts. We provide experimental approaches to generate confluent monolayers on permeable filters, confluent monolayers for scratch wound healing and biochemical studies, and sparse and confluent monolayers for immunofluorescence analysis.

Bağırsak Mezarlarından Murine Primer Kolon Epitel Monolayerlerinin Üretimi

The intestinal epithelium is comprised of a single layer of cells that act as a barrier between the gut lumen and the interior of the body. Disruption in ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Oral Keratinocytes from the Adult Mouse Palate

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have attracted attention because of their unique function and characteristics. They maintain the homeostasis of the oral epithelium and serve as resources for applications in regenerative therapies. However, in vitro studies that use oral primary keratinocytes from adult mice have been limited due to the lack of an efficient and well-established culture protocol. Here, oral primary keratinocytes were isolated from the palate tissues of adult mice and cultured in a commercial low-calcium medium supplemented with a chelexed-serum. Under these conditions, keratinocytes were maintained in a proliferative or stem cell-like state, and their differentiation was inhibited even after increased passages. Marker expression analysis showed that the cultured oral keratinocytes expressed the basal cell markers p63, K14, and &#945;6-integrin and were negative for the differentiation marker K13 and the fibroblast marker PDGFR&#945;. This method produced viable and culturable cells suitable for downstream applications in the study of oral epithelial stem cell functions in vitro.

The present protocol describes the isolation and culture of oral keratinocytes derived from the adult mouse palate. An evaluation method using immunostaining is also reported.

Yetişkin Fare Damak Tadından Birincil Oral Keratinositlerin İzolasyonu ve Kültürü

For years, most studies involving keratinocytes have been conducted using human and mouse skin epidermal keratinocytes. Recently, oral keratinocytes have ...