Name: mouse model of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury
Uploaded: 2019-03-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury at JoVE.com

This work was partially supported by the New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research (CSCR15IRG010), the U.S. Department of Defense (SC160029), and the Yale Department of Surgery Ohse Research Grant Program. We thank Sean O' Leary from the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers for technical assistance.

All animal handling and surgical procedures were performed in accordance with a protocol approved by the Rutgers University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were fed standard diet and water ad libitum.
1. Preparation of Surgical and Non-surgical Instruments
<ol>
	<li>Sterilize the surgical and non-surgical instruments in an autoclave.&#160;</li>
	<li>Clean the surgical operating table with 70% ethanol and warm a heating pad to 37 &#176;C.</li>
	<li>Place the heating pad on t...

<ol>
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The protocol in this study describes a novel experimental model of PUs to evaluate the impact of SCI on wound healing. The skin PUs were induced via a 12 h application of two 12 mm diameter disc magnets on a dorsal skin fold, either set above or below the SCI site. Data show that SCI slows down skin wound healing in mice. Importantly, these observations were specifically made in skin wounds below the innervation level of the SCI, as wounds made above the SCI level, and thus that remained innervated, were largely unaffect...

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are major secondary complications of traumatic SCI1. PUs are localized injuries to the skin and/or underlying tissues that usually occur over bony prominences where body weight is concentrated while the patient is sitting or lying1. The skin, fat, and muscle are exposed to this constant pressure that leads to the development of localized ischemia, tissue inflammation, mechanical damage, and necrosis2,3.
The development of PUs is affected by several local factors, including the magnitude of pressure and shear, loading duration, skin moisture and temperature, injury longevity, and general skin hygiene. There are also systemic factors that play a role, such as general physical condition, bone and muscle tissue morphology and strength4, patient age, hematological measures, gender, and even socio-economic factors including marital status, education, and income4,5.
The prevention and treatment of PUs remain significant challenges in SCI patients. SCI patients develop PUs in ~30-40% of cases, with a re-occurrence rate of 60-85%, possibly due to weak scar tissue and lack of protective sensation1. Thus, PUs often leads to re-hospitalization of SCI patients, and overall pose a significant financial burden (80% more vs. SCI only) to the health care system5,6,7,8,9,10.
To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies in controlled experimental settings to investigate the impact of SCI on the PU healing process because of the lack of suitable animal models. Here, a reproducible and clinically relevant mouse model of PU in the skin is described. This model can be used to study the dynamics of PU onset and subsequent healing, as well as to test potential therapeutic approaches to prevent PU or improve PU healing in the context of SCI.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Magnets</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Master Magnetcs, Inc., Castle Rock, CO</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">CD14C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">3800 G Magnetic force</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Mice standard diet</td>
			<td>PMI Nutrition International, Brentwood, MO</td>
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			<td>Standard Food Pellet</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td style="width:303px;">NIH, Bethesda, MD</td>
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			<td>Image Analysis Software</td>
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			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ophthalmic Ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU 008897</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NAIR-Hair Remover Lotion</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Church &#38; Dwight Co., Inc. Princeton, NJ</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ELOXIJECT (meloxicam) Injection</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU 049755</td>
			<td>5 mg/mL, 10 mL</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefazolin Sodium</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
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			<td>1 g, 10 mL bottle</td>
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			<td style="width:303px;">ZooPharm, Windsor, CO</td>
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			<td>-</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">BRAUN, Irvine, CA</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">S8004-5384</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>16004-130</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">BALB/C Male Mouse</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Charles River Lab., Wilmington, MA</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">28</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Sterile Cotton Tipped Applicator</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Puritan, Guilford, ME</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:235px;">Michel Suture Clips</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Fine Science Tools (USA) Inc., Foster City, CA</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">12040-01</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Surgical Suture, U.S.P.</td>
			<td>Henry Schein Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">101-2636</td>
			<td></td>
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mouse model of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are common debilitating complications of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and tend to occur in soft tissues around bony prominences. There is, however, little known about the impact of SCI on skin wound healing in the context of animal models in controlled experimental settings. In this study, a simple, non-invasive, reproducible and clinically relevant mouse model of PUs in the context of complete SCI is presented. Adult male mice (Balb/c, 10 weeks old) were shaved and depilated. Post-depilation (24 h), mice were subjected to laminectomy followed by complete spinal cord transection (T9-T10 vertebrae). Immediately after, a skin fold on the back of the mice was lifted and sandwiched between two magnetic discs held in place for next 12 h, thus creating an ischemic area that developed into a PU over the following days. The wounded areas demonstrated tissue edema and epidermal disappearance by day 3 post-magnet application. PUs spontaneously developed and healed. Healing was, however, slower in the SCI mice compared to control non-SCI mice when the wound was created below the level of SCI. Conversely, no difference in healing was seen between SCI and control non-SCI mice when the wound was created above the level of SCI. This model is a potentially useful tool to study the dynamics of skin PU development and healing after SCI, as well as to test therapeutic approaches that may help heal such wounds.

This protocol creates a PU in the setting of complete SCI. Briefly (as illustrated in Figure 1), all mice with or without complete SCI tolerated the magnets very well, which remained in their original position for the full 12 h (Figures 1c, 1d, 1f, 1h). All the mice developed two circular wounds separated by a bridge of normal tissue (Figure 1e, 1g, 1i). The initial wounding response was similar in mice without S...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury at JoVE.com

Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury

Here, we describe a simple method to induce clinically relevant skin pressure ulcers (PUs) in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). This model can be used in pre-clinical studies to screen for different therapeutics for healing PUs in SCI patients.

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are common debilitating complications of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and tend to occur in soft tissues around bony ...

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