Name: formation of human periodontal ligament cell spheroids on chitosan films
Uploaded: 2019-06-19T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Formation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Spheroids on Chitosan Films at JoVE.com

This study was sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 81700978), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (1504219050), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (17ZR1432800), and Shanghai Medical Exploration Project (17411972600).

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University. All patients provided written informed consent.
1. PDL cell isolation
<ol>
	<li>Make proliferation medium for culture of PDL cells: &#945;-MEM medium supplemented with 10% FCS and 100 U/mL pen/strep.</li>
	<li>Prepare a container with ice to transfer isolated third molars.</li>
	<li>Sterilize surgical instruments by using an autoclave.</li>
	<li>Extract normal human impacted thir...

<ol>
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M., Jin, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Periodontal+tissue+engineering+and+regeneration:+current+approaches+and+expanding+opportunities.">Periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration: current approaches and expanding opportunities.</a> Tissue Engineering Part B Review. 16 (2), 219-255 (2010).</li><li>Yu, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+periodontal+tissue+regeneration+by+periodontal+cell+implantation.">Enhanced periodontal tissue regeneration by periodontal cell implantation.</a> Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 40 (7), 698-706 (2013).</li><li>Yan, X. Z., Yang, F., Jansen, J. A., de Vries, R. B., van den Beucken, J. 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The present study introduced a 3D cell culture system to overcome some limitations related to conventional 2D monolayer cell culture. According to the protocol, PDL cellular spheroids were successfully formed by culturing cells on chitosan films. Our previous study reported that spheroid formation increased the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation capacities of PDL cells14. Instead of using an enzyme to harvest cells from TCPS, PDL cell spheroids could be harvested from chitosan films by si...

Periodontitis, initialized principally by dental plaque1, is characterized by the damage of periodontal tissues including periodontal ligament (PDL), alveolar bone, and cementum. Current treatments for periodontitis are usually successful in preventing the progress of the active disease, but the regeneration of lost periodontal tissues remains a clinical challenge. Recently, important progress has been made in cell-based approaches for periodontal tissue regeneration to overcome the drawbacks of current treatments2,3,4.
Our previous systematic review revealed that PDL cells showed great potential for periodontal regeneration5. Conventionally, PDL cells are cultured on two-dimensional (2D) substrates such as tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). However, characteristic changes of PDL cells have been observed during in vitro culture6. This phenomenon is probably because the 2D TCPS differs from the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment7. Compared to cells cultured on 2D substrates, cells grown in a 3D microenvironment exhibit more similarities to in vivo cells8. Therefore, 3D cell culture models provide a promising alternative for conventional 2D monolayer cell culture.
Conventional 3D culture method is encapsulating cells in 3D biomaterials. Compared with cells encapsulated in 3D biomaterials, cellular spheroids mimic the in vivo situation more closely because spheroids are aggregates of cells growing free of foreign materials9,10,11,12. It is reported that cellular spheroids promoted MSC bioactivities via the preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components including fibronectin and laminin13. To improve conventional PDL cell culture models, we have recently developed a 3D PDL cell culture method, which is based on spheroid formation of PDL cells on chitosan films14. Spheroid formation increased the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation capacities of PDL cells14. Here, we present detailed PDL cell spheroid culture protocols based on chitosan films. The 3D culture system of PDL cellular spheroids overcome some of the shortcomings related to conventional TCPS cell culture, and thus may be suitable for producing PDL cells with an enhanced therapeutic efficacy for future periodontal tissue regeneration.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:718px;" width="718">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">&#945;-MEM</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">11900-073</td>
			<td style="width:172px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">acetic acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">64197</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Cell culture flask 25 cm2</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">430639</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Cell culture flask 75 cm2</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">430641</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:63px;width:223px;">Chitosan</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Heppe Medical&#160;Chitosan GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">/</td>
			<td>molecular weight 500 kDa, degree of deacetylation 85%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">FCS</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">26140-079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:223px;">Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Molecular&#160;Probes</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">L3224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">NaOH</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">1310732</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">PBS</td>
			<td>KeyGen Biotech&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">KGB5001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">pen/strep</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Trypsin/EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>KeyGen Biotech&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">KGM25200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">15 mL conical centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">430790</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">24-well plate</td>
			<td style="width:158px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:166px;">3524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

formation of human periodontal ligament cell spheroids on chitosan films

Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells hold great promise for periodontal tissue regeneration. Conventionally, PDL cells are cultured on two-dimensional (2D) substrates such as tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). However, characteristic changes of PDL cells have been observed during in vitro culture. This phenomenon is probably because the 2D TCPS differs from the in vivo three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Compared to cells cultured on 2D substrates, cells grown in a 3D microenvironment exhibit more similarities to in vivo cells. Therefore, 3D cell culture models provide a promising alternative for conventional 2D monolayer cell culture. To improve conventional PDL cell culture models, we have recently developed a 3D cell culture method, which is based on spheroid formation of PDL cells on chitosan films. Here, we present detailed cell spheroid culture protocols based on chitosan films. The 3D culture system of PDL cellular spheroids overcome some of the limitations related to conventional 2D monolayer cell culture, and thus may be suitable for producing PDL cells with an enhanced therapeutic efficacy for future periodontal tissue regeneration.

Using the present protocol, viable PDL cell spheroids were successfully formed. Figure 1 showed that suspended cells or spheroids instead of attached cells were mainly observed on chitosan films. For the seeding density of 0.5 x 104 cells/cm2, attached PDL cells were occasionally found on day 1 and 3, and PDL cell spheroids were rarely observed. On the contrary, for the seeding densities of 3 x 104 and 6 x 104 cells...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Formation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Spheroids on Chitosan Films at JoVE.com

Formation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cell Spheroids on Chitosan Films

Here, we present protocols of culturing human periodontal ligament (PDL) cell spheroids by chitosan films. The culture of three-dimensional (3D) cellular spheroids provides an alternative to conventional tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) culture system.

Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells hold great promise for periodontal tissue regeneration. Conventionally, PDL cells are cultured on two-dimensional (2D) ...

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