Name: ex vivo organoid model of adenovirus-cre mediated gene deletions in mouse urothelial cells
Uploaded: 2022-05-05T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Organoid Model of Adenovirus-Cre Mediated Gene Deletions in Mouse Urothelial Cells at JoVE.com

This research work was supported in part by NIH Grants, K08CA252161(Q.L.), R01CA234162, and R01 CA207757 (D.W.G.), P30CA016056 (NCI Cancer Center Core Support Grant), the Roswell Park Alliance Foundation, and the Friends of Urology Foundation. We thank Marisa Blask and Mila Pakhomova for proofreading the manuscript.

All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY (1395M, Biosafety 180501 and 180502). 
NOTE: Perform Steps 1-3 on the same day.
1. Dissection of mouse bladder
<ol>
	<li>Preparation for dissection
	<ol>
		<li>Prepare all the sterile instruments including scissors, forceps, sterile DPBS in 35 mm culture dishes, 70% ethanol, sterile gauze, and clean paper towels. Clean a...

<ol>
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GEMMs have been the gold standards for cancer modeling initiated from normal cells, allowing the consequences of potential oncogenic perturbations (oncogene activation and/or loss of tumor suppressors) to be tested rigorously. Here, a rapid and efficient protocol is provided to generate bladder cancer organoids via ex vivo gene editing of normal mouse urothelial cells carrying floxed alleles in genes of interest. H&#38;E and IHC staining demonstrate that TKO organoids exhibit histology consistent with high-grade...

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and affects more than 80,000 people annually in the United States1. Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the standard of care for patients with advanced bladder cancer for more than three decades. The landscape of bladder cancer treatment has been revolutionized by the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of immunotherapy (anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors), erdafitinib (a fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor) and enfortumab vedotin (an antibody-drug conjugate)2,3,4. However, no clinically approved biomarkers are available for predicting the responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. There is a critical need to generate informative preclinical models that can improve the understanding of the mechanisms driving bladder cancer progression and develop predictive biomarkers for different treatment modalities.
A major obstacle in bladder translational research is the lack of preclinical models that recapitulate human bladder cancer pathogenesis and treatment responses5,6. Multiple preclinical models have been developed, including in vitro 2D models (cell lines or conditionally reprogrammed cells), in vitro 3D models (organoids, 3D printing), and in vivo models (xenograft, carcinogen-induced, genetically engineered models, and patient-derived xenograft)2,6. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are useful for many applications in bladder cancer biology, including analyses of tumor phenotypes, mechanistic investigations of candidate genes and/or signaling pathways, and the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic responses6,7. GEMMs can utilize site-specific recombinases (Cre-loxP) to control genetic deletions in one or more tumor suppressor genes. The process of generating desired GEMMs with multiple gene deletions is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive5. The overall goal of this method is to develop a rapid and efficient method of ex vivo Cre delivery for establishing bladder triple knockout (TKO) models from normal mouse urothelial cells carrying triple floxed alleles (Trp53, Pten, and Rb1)8. The major advantage of the ex vivo method is the fast workflow (1-2 weeks instead of years of mouse breeding). This article describes the protocol for harvesting normal urothelial cells with floxed alleles, ex vivo adenovirus transduction, organoid cultures, and in vitro and in vivo characterization in immunocompetent C57 BL/6J mice. This method can be further used to generate clinically relevant bladder cancer organoids in immunocompetent mice harboring any combination of floxed alleles.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>100 &#956;m sterile cell strainer</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>431752</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25G 1.5 inches needle</td>
			<td>EXELINT International</td>
			<td>26406</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenovirus (Ad5CMVCre High Titer, 1E11 pfu/ml)</td>
			<td>UI Viral Vector Core</td>
			<td>VVC-U of Iowa-5-HT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57 BL/6J</td>
			<td>Jackson Lab</td>
			<td>000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Charcoal-stripped FBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A3382101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase/hyaluronidase</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>07912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>07913</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DPBS, 1x</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-031-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine substitute (GlutaMAX)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35-050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mammary Epithelial Cell Growth medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>CC-3150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrix extracts from Engelbreth&#8211;Holm&#8211;Swarm mouse sarcomas (Matrigel)</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>CB-40234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal mouse anti-CK20</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>M7019</td>
			<td>IF 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal mouse anti-CK7</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-23876</td>
			<td>IHC 1:50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal mouse anti-p63</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab735</td>
			<td>IHC 1:100, IF 1:50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal mouse anti-Upk3</td>
			<td>Fitzgerald</td>
			<td>10R-U103A</td>
			<td>IHC 1:50</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal mouse anti-Vimentin</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-6260</td>
			<td>IF 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal rat anti-CK8</td>
			<td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>TROMA-I-s</td>
			<td>IF 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HERAcell vios 160i CO2 incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>51033557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyclonal chicken anti-CK5</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>905901</td>
			<td>IF 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Primocin</td>
			<td>InvivoGen</td>
			<td>ant-pm-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Recombinant enzyme of trypsin substitute (TrypLE Express Enzyme)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>12605036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Signature benchtop shaking incubator Model 1575</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>35962-091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Specimen Processing Gel (HistoGel)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>HG-4000-012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical blade size 10</td>
			<td>Integra Miltex</td>
			<td>4-110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sorvall T1 centrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>75002383</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632</td>
			<td>Selleckchem</td>
			<td>S1049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ex vivo organoid model of adenovirus-cre mediated gene deletions in mouse urothelial cells

Bladder cancer is an understudied area, particularly in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Inbred GEMMs with tissue-specific Cre and loxP sites have been the gold standards for conditional or inducible gene targeting. To provide faster and more efficient experimental models, an ex vivo organoid culture system is developed using adenovirus Cre and normal urothelial cells carrying multiple loxP alleles of the tumor suppressors Trp53, Pten, and Rb1. Normal urothelial cells are enzymatically disassociated from four bladders of triple floxed mice (Trp53f/f: Ptenf/f: Rb1f/f). The urothelial cells are transduced ex vivo with adenovirus-Cre driven by a CMV promoter (Ad5CMVCre). The transduced bladder organoids are cultured, propagated, and characterized in vitro and in vivo. PCR is used to confirm gene deletions in Trp53, Pten, and Rb1. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining of organoids demonstrates positive expression of urothelial lineage markers (CK5 and p63). The organoids are injected subcutaneously into host mice for tumor expansion and serial passages. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) of xenografts exhibits positive expression of CK7, CK5, and p63 and negative expression of CK8 and Uroplakin 3. In summary, adenovirus-mediated gene deletion from mouse urothelial cells engineered with loxP sites is an efficient method to rapidly test the tumorigenic potential of defined genetic alterations.

The workflow of adenovirus-Cre mediated gene deletions in mouse urothelial cells is shown in Figure 1A. The accompanying video demonstrates how the urothelial cells are disassociated from the fundus of the bladder and how the triple floxed cells are transduced ex vivo with Ad5CMVCre. Figure 1A showed that minimal submucosa and muscle cells were disassociated after enzyme digestion. To confirm the efficiency of adenovirus-Cre delivery, disassociated urot...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex Vivo Organoid Model of Adenovirus-Cre Mediated Gene Deletions in Mouse Urothelial Cells at JoVE.com

Ex Vivo Organoid Model of Adenovirus-Cre Mediated Gene Deletions in Mouse Urothelial Cells

This protocol describes the process of the generation and characterization of mouse urothelial organoids harboring deletions in genes of interest. The methods include harvesting mouse urothelial cells, ex vivo transduction with adenovirus driving Cre expression with a CMV promoter, and in vitro as well as in vivo characterization.

Ex Vivo Organoid Model of Adenovirus-Cre Mediated Gene Deletions in Mouse Urothelial Cells

Bladder cancer is an understudied area, particularly in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Inbred GEMMs with tissue-specific Cre and loxP sites ...

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