支持由NIH HL-10342。

1。准备程序必须先取得并准备以下物品： <ol><li> 插管，气管插管20-35克小鼠，我们使用了1或1.5英寸长，20号静脉导管（BD Insylte，火花，MD或Jelco OPTIVA，卡尔斯巴德，加利福尼亚州）。一个新的无菌导管可以用于各小鼠，但也可以重复使用导管的灭菌后，通过在70％乙醇中浸泡过夜。虽然无论是咽也不是无菌的气管鼠标适当的清洁程序，包括使用无菌手套和工具，应该得到遵守。 </li><li> 光纤电缆，我们使用0.5毫米光缆从爱特蒙特光学≈70厘米，但长度并不重要。重要的是要确保该纤维具有其边缘平滑的，由于切割后的电缆长度用剃刀，该边缘被留下相对尖锐的，它并不需要很多的努力，刺穿气管壁。但是，我这方面的优势，从去年底约2厘米的纤维，然后几秒钟的小圈的边缘的尖端碰到了一块1000砂砾砂纸（在视频和图1的示范很容易顺利麦克唐纳等人，10）。的另一端被插入通过一个橡胶止动件。这是最容易完成的通过第一按压止动件通过18号针头，通过针孔插入光纤，然后吸针。的橡胶止动件被连接到一个150瓦的卤素灯光源（ 例如 NCL-150，沃尔皮美国，或任何其他的或光源，什至小于150瓦特）。重要的是要确保使用塞，因为普通橡胶或软木制成的硅橡胶（或其它耐热材料），可能会烧坏时，如此接近的热光源。 </li></ol> 2。执行气管插管<ol><li>请参阅图1和图2。将光纤电缆Through一小段硅橡胶管（≈0.8毫米内径x 4 mm外径，科尔 - 帕尔默，EW-96410-13）。该橡胶管的相当紧密的配合，同时仍然允许光纤电缆进行调整。插入硅胶管紧贴的Luer端的套管内的套管的光纤电缆的固定位置。调整光纤电缆的位置，以便它延伸穿过插管尖端前套管≈4毫米。 </li><li>放置悬浮由其上切牙（ 图3）上的垂直支承，被麻醉的小鼠。大多数研究人员找到最好的可视化的腹侧面临着自己的鼠标。非常轻轻地拉出舌头，并用拇指和食指举行。中指放置之间的颈部和塑料支撑。在舌头上，用食指和拇指牵引开这个口，并伸直插管路径，调整头的角度脖子后面用中指如图3中所示。 </li><li>作为光源和导引器使用光纤电缆，将其推通过声带的可视化。如果电源线是不可见的，轻轻一拉更难在舌头上，用中指的支持。当插入，进一步推进套管≈5毫米。然后非常小心地不要移动套管，退出光纤电缆。的Lie鼠标向下和固定套管用一条胶带上的一块支持套管集线器橡皮（造型粘土），如在图4中示出。 </li><li>在步骤3中的程序不能被很容易教导甚至表明，因为它是一个单独的操作。然而，通过细微的调整的牵引头的舌头和背后支持几乎所有的试试这个很快找到合适的方式来定位的鼠标，以可视化的声带。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Brown, R. H., Walters, D. M., Greenberg, R. S., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+of+endotracheal+intubation+and+pulmonary+functional+assessment+for+repeated+studies+in+mice.">A method of endotracheal intubation and pulmonary functional assessment for repeated studies in mice.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 87, 2362-2365 (1999).</li><li>Walters, D. M., Wills-Karp, M., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+cellular+profile+and+lung+function+with+repeated+bronchoalveolar+lavage+in+individual+mice.">Assessment of cellular profile and lung function with repeated bronchoalveolar lavage in individual mice.</a> Physiol. Genomics. 2, 29-36 (2000).</li><li>Rivera, B., Miller, S., Brown, E., Price, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+method+for+endotracheal+intubation+of+mice+and+rats+used+in+imaging+studies.">A novel method for endotracheal intubation of mice and rats used in imaging studies.</a> Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 44, 52-55 (2005).</li><li>Hamacher, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscopic+wire+guide-based+orotracheal+mouse+intubation:+description,+evaluation+and+comparison+with+transillumination.">Microscopic wire guide-based orotracheal mouse intubation: description, evaluation and comparison with transillumination.</a> Laboratory Animals. 42, 222-230 (2008).</li><li>Spoelstra, E. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+and+simple+method+for+endotracheal+intubation+of+mice.">A novel and simple method for endotracheal intubation of mice.</a> Laboratory Animals. 41, 128-135 (2007).</li><li>Zhao, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+technique+for+retrograde+intubation+in+mice.">A technique for retrograde intubation in mice.</a> Lab Animal. 35, 39-42 (2006).</li><li>Vergari, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+of+orotracheal+intubation+in+mice.">A new method of orotracheal intubation in mice.</a> European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 8, 103-106 (2004).</li><li>Vergari, A., Polito, A., Musumeci, M., Palazzesi, S., Marano, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Video-assisted+orotracheal+intubation+in+mice.">Video-assisted orotracheal intubation in mice.</a> Laboratory Animals. 37, 204-206 (2003).</li><li>Hastings, R. H., Summers-Torres, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Laryngoscopy+in+Mice.">Direct Laryngoscopy in Mice.</a> Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 38, 33-35 (1999).</li><li>MacDonald, K. D., Chang, H. Y., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+simple+method+of+mouse+lung+intubation.">An improved simple method of mouse lung intubation.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 106, 984-987 (2009).</li><li>Ewart, S. L., Levitt, R. C., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Respiratory+system+mechanics+in+mice+measured+by+end-inflation+occlusion.">Respiratory system mechanics in mice measured by end-inflation occlusion.</a> Journal of Applied Physiology. 79, 560-566 (1995).</li><li>MacDonald, K. D., McKenzie, K. R., Mitzner, W., Zeitlin, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung+Mechanics+in+Heterozygous+CF+Mice+after+Repeated+LPS+Dosing.">Lung Mechanics in Heterozygous CF Mice after Repeated LPS Dosing.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 175 (4), A930 (2007).</li></ol>

的作者有没有任何利益冲突的披露。

这里介绍的方法具有几个优点。首先，该装置是简单的和相对便宜的..制造该装置不需要任何特殊工具或昂贵的设备。用导管引入的光源也意味着，一个不能忽视的气管开口，介绍人靠近气管的开口。使用0.5毫米导引也供应，以尽量减少创伤，可能会出现的一个更大的套管的初始插入。这里我们注意到，类似的光学探针是从商业供应商（布伦特里科学，旅游Braintree，MA）。他们的移动设备使用一个...

布朗等人在1999年发表了一篇论文，描述小鼠肺1气管插管的方法。这种技术具有相当的实用，在做重复肺功能或支气管肺泡灌洗在纵向研究中的单个小鼠2。从那时起，原来的文件，已经有好几篇文章，描述了不同的方法对小鼠气管插管3-9。虽然所有这些方法，可以成功地使用，它们通常需要大量的训练或成本。如气管插管的主要问题之一是，接近气管待插入气管插管插管方法，插管本身阻止光的可视化，因此，它需要去的地方。因此，在最关键的时候插入变得盲目。在本文中，我们将展示如何简单，廉价消除这种可视化的问题，从而确保以相对较少的培训或气管插管成功经验。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 材料 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 产品编号 </td><td> 评论 </td></tr><tr><td>气管插管套管</td><td> BD Insylte，火花，MD或Jelco OPTIVA，卡尔斯巴德，加利福尼亚州</td><td></td><td> 1英寸长，20号静脉注射（IV）导管</td></tr><tr><td>光纤电缆</td><td>爱特蒙特光学，巴林顿，新泽西州</td><td> NT02-542 </td><td>大约2英尺长，0.5毫米的光纤（通信级塑料光纤）。应圆润的边缘的纤维端插入气管的纤维≈2厘米的结束，然后让小圆圈拖动笔尖上的1000砂砾埃默里纸的几秒钟。 </td></tr><tr><td>光源</td><td>沃尔皮</td><td> NCL-150 </td><td>虽然我们使用了150-W卤素光源，任何同等光源，甚至以低得多的功率都可以使用。 </td></tr><tr><td>硅橡胶塞</td><td></td><td></td><td> A＃1硅橡胶塞适合本演示中使用的光源。不同的光源，可能需要不同的大小。 </td></tr><tr><td>小硅橡胶管</td><td>科尔 - 帕默</td><td> EW-96410-13 </td><td> A≈1.5厘米的硅橡胶管（内径0.8，4毫米外径） </td></tr><tr><td>直角支架</td><td></td><td></td><td>我们的有机玻璃，但constucted线或金属丝，以近乎垂直的角度，可以贴在按住鼠标可用于任何材料。 </td></tr></tbody></table>

a simple method of mouse lung intubation

插管小鼠肺功能测量一个简单的程序有几个优势，在纵向研究数量有限，昂贵的动物。没有这样做，这是更常规的原因之一是，它是比较困难的，尽管有几个已发表的研究描述的方法来实现它。在本文中，我们展示了一个过程，消除插管与此相关联的主要障碍之一，就是在整个可视化的气管插管时。该方法使用一个0.5毫米的光纤光源，作为介绍人直接的小鼠气管插管插入气管插管。我们表明，它是可以使用此过程测量在个别小鼠的肺力学过程中，至少几个星期的时间。这项技术可以被设置以相对较少的费用和专门知识，它可以常规完成以相对较少的培训。这应该麦E - 这是任何实验室定期进行气管插管，从而使小鼠个体的纵向研究中，通过使用每个鼠标作为自己的控制，从而最大限度地减少所需的老鼠的数量和提高统计能力。

作为评价的方法，我们使用了4个20周龄雄性BALB / c小鼠的平均体重（±SEM）27.7±0.40克的。他们连续五周进行了研究，其中的肺阻力的测定是使用如前面所述的一个系统11。每只小鼠用氯胺酮（100微克/克体重）和甲苯噻嗪（15微克/克体重）在盐水中通过IP注射麻醉。然后，他们被插管如上所述。如果有任何疑问，是否是在气管和食道插管，这可以使用一个小的牙科镜验证。保持镜像冷冻箱中?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation at JoVE.com

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

本文介绍了一种striaghforward和有效的方法，插管小鼠肺功能测量或肺灌注，使小鼠恢复，并在以后的时间进行研究。该过程涉及一种廉价的光纤光源直接照射的气管。

一个简单的方法小鼠肺插管

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

50.5K 次观看.  Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 本文介绍了一种striaghforward和有效的方法，插管小鼠肺功能测量或肺灌注，使小鼠恢复，并在以后的时间进行研究。该过程涉及一种廉价的光纤光源直接照射的气管。

视频: A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A Model of Disturbed Flow-Induced Atherosclerosis in Mouse Carotid Artery by Partial Ligation and a Simple Method of RNA Isolation from Carotid Endothelium

Despite the well-known close association, direct evidence linking disturbed flow to atherogenesis has been lacking. We have recently used a modified version of carotid partial ligation methods [1,2] to show that it acutely induces low and oscillatory flow conditions, two key characteristics of disturbed flow, in the mouse common carotid artery. Using this model, we have provided direct evidence that disturbed flow indeed leads to rapid and robust atherosclerosis development in Apolipoprotein E knockout mouse [3]. We also developed a method of endothelial RNA preparation with high purity from the mouse carotid intima [3]. Using this mouse model and method, we found that partial ligation causes endothelial dysfunction in a week, followed by robust and rapid atheroma formation in two weeks in a hyperlipidemic mouse model along with features of complex lesion formation such as intraplaque neovascularization by four weeks. This rapid in vivo model and the endothelial RNA preparation method could be used to determine molecular mechanisms underlying flow-dependent regulation of vascular biology and diseases. Also, it could be used to test various therapeutic interventions targeting endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in considerably reduced study duration.

This describes a partial carotid ligation surgery, which causes disturbed flow conditions and subsequent atherosclerosis development (in two weeks) with intraplaque neo-vascularization (in four weeks) in the mouse common carotid artery. We also describe a novel method of RNA isolation from the carotid intima, providing high purity endothelial RNA.

一个型号的不安流致动脉粥样硬化小鼠颈动脉部分结扎术和颈动脉内皮细胞的RNA分离的简单方法

Despite the well-known close association, direct evidence linking disturbed flow to atherogenesis has been lacking. We have recently used a modified ...

科研

医学

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients is often required especially in difficult airways of syndromic patients i.e. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Small babies will desaturate very quickly if ventilation is interrupted mainly to high metabolic rate. We describe guidelines to perform a safe fiberoptic intubation while maintaining spontaneous breathing throughout the procedure. Steps requiring the use of propofol pump, fentanyl, glycopyrrolate, red rubber catheter, metal insuflation hook, afrin, lubricant and lidocaine spray are shown.

We describe guidelines to perform a safe and efficient elective fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients while maintaining spontaneous ventilation.

选修儿科光纤插管指南

Fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients is often required especially in difficult airways of syndromic patients i.e. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Small ...

A Simple Guide Screw Method for Intracranial Xenograft Studies in Mice

The grafting of human tumor cells into the brain of immunosuppressed mice is an established method for the study of brain cancers including glioblastoma (glioma) and medulloblastoma. The widely used stereotactic approach only allows for the injection of a single animal at a time, is labor intensive and requires highly specialized equipment. The guide screw method, initially developed by Lal et al.,1 was developed to eliminate cumbersome stereotactic procedures. We now describe a modified guide screw approach that is rapid and exceptionally safe; both of which are critical ethical considerations. Notably, our procedure now incorporates an infusion pump that allows up to 10 animals to be simultaneously injected with tumor cells.
To demonstrate the utility of this procedure, we established human U87MG glioma cells as intracranial xenografts in mice, which were then treated with AMG102; a fully human antibody directed to HGF/scatter factor currently undergoing clinical evaluation2-5. Systemic injection of AMG102 significantly prolonged the survival of all mice with intracranial U87MG xenografts and resulted in a number of complete cures. 
This study demonstrates that the guide screw method is an inexpensive, highly reproducible approach for establishing intracranial xenografts. Furthermore, it provides a relevant physiological model for validating novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of brain cancers.

In order to evaluate novel therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of glioma, physiological relevant models are essential. We utilize an implantable guide screw procedure for establishment of intracranial xenograft models that is more rapid and safer than stereotactic approaches.

一个简单的指南螺杆颅内移植瘤小鼠的研究方法

The grafting of human tumor cells into the brain of immunosuppressed mice is an established method for the study of brain cancers including glioblastoma ...

Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung

The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular disease and for developing therapeutic intervention. With the increasing availability of knockout and transgenic derivatives, together with a vast amount of genetic information, mice provide one of the best models to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology and physiology of lung diseases. Inhalation, intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, and intratracheal intubation are the most widely used techniques by a number of investigators to administer materials of interest to mouse lungs. There are pros and cons for each technique depending on the goals of a study. Here a noninvasive intratracheal intubation method that can directly deliver exogenous materials to mouse lungs is presented. This technique was applied to administer bleomycin to mouse lungs as a model to study pulmonary fibrosis.

The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular disease and for developing therapeutic intervention. Here a noninvasive intratracheal intubation method that can directly deliver exogenous materials to mouse lungs is presented.

无创性气管内插管，以研究小鼠肺的病理生理

The use of a model that mimics the condition of lung diseases in humans is critical for studying the pathophysiology and/or etiology of a particular ...

Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis

Recent significant advances in stem cell research and bioengineering techniques have made great progress in utilizing biomaterials to regenerate and repair damage in simple tissues in the orthopedic and periodontal fields. However, attempts to regenerate the structures and functions of more complex three-dimensional (3D) organs such as lungs have not been very successful because the biological processes of organ regeneration have not been well explored. It is becoming clear that angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays key roles in organ regeneration. Newly formed vasculatures not only deliver oxygen, nutrients and various cell components that are required for organ regeneration but also provide instructive signals to the regenerating local tissues. Therefore, to successfully regenerate lungs in an adult, it is necessary to recapitulate the lung-specific microenvironments in which angiogenesis drives regeneration of local lung tissues. Although conventional in vivo angiogenesis assays, such as subcutaneous implantation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich hydrogels (e.g., fibrin or collagen gels or Matrigel - ECM protein mixture secreted by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcoma cells), are extensively utilized to explore the general mechanisms of angiogenesis, lung-specific angiogenesis has not been well characterized because methods for orthotopic implantation of biomaterials in the lung have not been well established. The goal of this protocol is to introduce a unique method to implant fibrin gel on the lung surface of living adult mouse, allowing for the successful recapitulation of host lung-derived angiogenesis inside the gel. This approach enables researchers to explore the mechanisms by which the lung-specific microenvironment controls angiogenesis and alveolar regeneration in both normal and pathological conditions. Since implanted biomaterials release and supply physical and chemical signals to adjacent lung tissues, implantation of these biomaterials on diseased lung can potentially normalize the adjacent diseased tissues, enabling researchers to develop new therapeutic approaches for various types of lung diseases.

Recapitulation of the organ-specific microenvironment, which stimulates local angiogenesis, is indispensable for successful regeneration of damaged tissues. This report demonstrates a novel method to implant fibrin gels on the lung surface of living mouse in order to explore how the lung-specific microenvironment modulates angiogenesis and alveolar regeneration in adult mouse.

纤维蛋白胶对小鼠肺移植研究肺特异性血管生成

Recent significant advances in stem cell research and bioengineering techniques have made great progress in utilizing biomaterials to regenerate and ...

Intubation-mediated Intratracheal (IMIT) Instillation: A Noninvasive, Lung-specific Delivery System

Respiratory disease studies typically involve the use of murine models as surrogate systems. However, there are significant physiologic differences between the murine and human respiratory systems, especially in their upper respiratory tracts (URT). In some models, these differences in the murine nasal cavity can have a significant impact on disease progression and presentation in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) when using intranasal instillation techniques, potentially limiting the usefulness of the mouse model to study these diseases. For these reasons, it would be advantageous to develop a technique to instill bacteria directly into the mouse lungs in order to study LRT disease in the absence of involvement of the URT. We have termed this lung specific delivery technique intubation-mediated intratracheal (IMIT) instillation. This noninvasive technique minimizes the potential for instillation into the bloodstream, which can occur during more invasive traditional surgical intratracheal infection approaches, and limits the possibility of incidental digestive tract delivery. IMIT is a two-step process in which mice are first intubated, with an intermediate step to ensure correct catheter placement into the trachea, followed by insertion of a blunt needle into the catheter to mediate direct delivery of bacteria into the lung. This approach facilitates a &#62;98% efficacy of delivery into the lungs with excellent distribution of reagent throughout the lung. Thus, IMIT represents a novel approach to study LRT disease and therapeutic delivery directly into the lung, improving upon the ability to use mice as surrogates to study human respiratory disease. Furthermore, the accuracy and reproducibility of this delivery system also makes it amenable to Good Laboratory Practice Standards (GLPS), as well as delivery of a wide range of reagents which require high efficiency delivery to the lung.

Intubation-mediated Intratracheal IMIT Instillation: A Noninvasive, Lung-specific Delivery System

Intubation-mediated intratracheal (IMIT) instillation of reagents is an excellent, noninvasive method for studying respiratory disease, as well as a method for instilling therapeutic reagents directly into the lung. It is a rapid and highly reproducible method which is suitable for preclinical testing.

插管介导气管内（IMIT）灌输：一种无创，龙专用输送系统

Respiratory disease studies typically involve the use of murine models as surrogate systems. However, there are significant physiologic differences ...

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

In humans, disrupted repair and remodeling of injured lung contributes to a host of acute and chronic lung disorders which may ultimately lead to disability or death. Injury-based animal models of lung repair and regeneration are limited by injury-specific responses making it difficult to differentiate changes related to the injury response and injury resolution from changes related to lung repair and lung regeneration. However, use of animal models to identify these repair and regeneration signaling pathways is critical to the development of new therapies aimed at improving pulmonary function following lung injury. The mouse pneumonectomy model utilizes compensatory lung growth to isolate those repair and regeneration signals in order to more clearly define mechanisms of alveolar re-septation. Here, we describe our technique for performing mouse pneumonectomy and sham pneumonectomy. This technique may be utilized in conjunction with lineage tracing or other transgenic mouse models to define molecular and cellular mechanism of lung repair and regeneration.

Mouse pneumonectomy is a commonly employed model of compensatory lung growth. This procedure can be used in conjunction with lineage tracing or transgenic mouse models to elucidate underlying mechanisms.

补偿性增长龙鼠标肺切除型号

In humans, disrupted repair and remodeling of injured lung contributes to a host of acute and chronic lung disorders which may ultimately lead to ...

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

The number of acceptable donor lungs available for lung transplantation is severely limited due to poor quality. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed lung transplantation in humans to become more readily available by enabling the ability to assess organs and expand the donor pool. As this technology expands and improves, the ability to potentially evaluate and improve the quality of substandard lungs prior to transplant is a critical need. In order to more rigorously evaluate these approaches, a reproducible animal model needs to be established that would allow for testing of improved techniques and management of the donated lungs as well as to the lung-transplant recipient. In addition, an EVLP animal model of associated pathologies, e.g., ventilation induced lung injury (VILI), would provide a novel method to evaluate treatments for these pathologies. Here, we describe the development of a rat EVLP lung program and refinements to this method that allow for a reproducible model for future expansion. We also describe the application of this EVLP system to model VILI in rat lungs. The goal is to provide the research community with key information and &#8220;pearls of wisdom&#8221;/techniques that arose from trial and error and are critical to establishing an EVLP system that is robust and reproducible.

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed lung transplantation in humans to become more readily available by enabling the ability to assess organs and expand the donor pool. Here, we describe the development of a rat EVLP program and refinements that allow for a reproducible model for future expansion.

的隔离方法<em&gt;离体</em&gt;肺灌注的大鼠模型：教训制定鼠EVLP课程中学

The number of acceptable donor lungs available for lung transplantation is severely limited due to poor quality. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed ...

A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe the use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations of superior and uniform quality to that which can be achieved by hand. The device comprises a base that holds 4 stainless steel rods and a top, which acts a cutting guide. The rods are inserted into the lumen of the small intestine [divided into thirds] and the colon. The rods and samples are then placed over a piece of filter paper or card into the holding slots in the base of the device. The top of the device is then positioned and serves as a cutting guide. The two angled sections in the center of the top piece are used to guide a knife or scalpel and cut the intestines longitudinally on the top of the rods. Once the intestinal sections have been cut, the top is removed and the card,&#160;tissue and rods gently removed from the device and placed on the bench. The rods are then gently rolled sideways to flatten and stick the intestinal segments onto the underlying piece of filter paper or card. The final preparation can then be examined or fixed and stored for later analysis. The preparations are invaluable for the study of intestinal changes in normal or genetically modified mouse models. The preparations have been used for the study and quantification of the effects of inflammation (colitis), damage, pre-cancerous lesions (aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) and mucin depleted foci (MDFs)) and polyps or tumors.

The use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

一个简单的设备，迅速准备小鼠肠的全坐骑

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe ...

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

This article presents a rapid and simple method for administering bleomycin directly into the mouse trachea via intubation. Key advantages of this method are that it is highly reproducible, easy to master, and does not require specialized equipment or lengthy recovery times.

在小鼠气管插管快速的改进方法

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...