Using Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle Cells to Visualize Microtubule Network

Summary

Here, we present a detailed protocol to visualize the microtubule networks in neuromuscular junctions and muscle cells. Combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule-dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

Abstract

The microtubule network is an essential component of the nervous system. Mutations in many microtubules regulatory proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurological diseases, such as microtubule-associated protein Tau to neurodegenerative diseases, microtubule severing protein Spastin and Katanin 60 cause hereditary spastic paraplegia and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, respectively. Detection of microtubule networks in neurons is advantageous for elucidating the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. However, the small size of neurons and the dense arrangement of axonal microtubule bundles make visualizing the microtubule networks challenging. In this study, we describe a method for dissection of the larval neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, as well as immunostaining of α-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein Futsch to visualize microtubule networks in Drosophila melanogaster. The neuromuscular junction permits us to observe both pre-and post-synaptic microtubules, and the large size of muscle cells in Drosophila larva allows for clear visualization of the microtubule network. Here, by mutating and overexpressing Katanin 60 in Drosophila melanogaster, and then examining the microtubule networks in the neuromuscular junction and muscle cells, we accurately reveal the regulatory role of Katanin 60 in neurodevelopment. Therefore, combined with the powerful genetic tools of Drosophila melanogaster, this protocol greatly facilitates genetic screening and microtubule dynamics analysis for the role of microtubule network regulatory proteins in the nervous system.

Introduction

Microtubules (MTs), as one of the structural components of the cytoskeleton, play an important role in diverse biological processes, including cell division, cell growth and motility, intracellular transport, and the maintenance of cell shape. Microtubule dynamics and function are modulated by interactions with other proteins, such as MAP1, MAP2, Tau, Katanin, and Kinesin^1,2,3,4,5.

In neurons, microtubules are essential for the development and maintenance of axons and dendrites. ....

Protocol

1. Dissection of larvae

NOTE: The dissecting solution hemolymph-like saline (HL3.1)¹⁸ and the fixing solution 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)^19,20are used at room temperature because the microtubules depolymerize when the temperature is too low.

1. Pick out a wandering 3^rd instar larva with long blunt forceps. Wash it with HL3.1 and place it on the dissection dish under the stereom.......

Discussion

Here a protocol is described for the dissection and immunostaining of Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions and muscle cells. There are several essential points to consider. Firstly, avoiding injury to the observed muscles is crucial during the dissection process. It may be worth fixing the fillet before removing internal organs to prevent direct contact between the forceps and the muscles. To avoid muscle damage or separation from the larval epidermis, it is important to ensure that the speed of the shaker .......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Alexa Fluor Plus 405 phalloidin	invitrogen	A30104	dilute 1:200
Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium	Beyotime	P0128M
FV10-ASW confocal microscope	Olympus
Goat anti-Mouse antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated	Thermo Fisher	A-11001	dilute 1:1,000
Laser confocal microscope LSM 710	Zeiss
Micro Scissors	66vision	54138B
Mouse anti-Futsch antibody	Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank	22C10	dilute 1:50
Mouse anti-α-tubulin antibody	Sigma	T5168	dilute 1:1,000
Paraformaldehyde	Wako	168-20955	Final concentration: 4% in PB Buffer
Stainless Steel Minutien Pins	Entomoravia		0.1mm Diam
Stereomicroscope SMZ161	Motic
stereoscopic fluorescence microscope BX41	Olympus
Texas Red-conjugated goat anti-HRP	Jackson ImmunoResearch		dilute 1:100
TO-PRO(R) 3 iodide	Invitrogen	T3605	dilute 1:1,000
Transfer decoloring shaker TS-8	Kylin-Bell lab instruments	E0018
TritonX-100	BioFroxx	1139
Tweezers	dumont	500342