Name: management of the uncinate process in no-touch laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy
Uploaded: 2023-05-05T12:20:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy at JoVE.com

Our article #64904 was supported by the Research project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province (ID:20222077).

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and informed written consent was obtained from the patients involved in this study.
1. Preoperative work-up
<ol>
	<li>Perform the high-resolution contrast-enhanced CT12,13 (see Table of Materials) to assess the tumor&#39;s extent and search for any abnormal vasculature.</li>
...

<ol>
	<li>L&#233;ger, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatic+Surgery.">Pancreatic Surgery.</a> Chugai-Igakusha. , (1984).</li><li>O'Sullivan, A. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+dissemination+of+circulating+tumor+cells+with+no-touch+isolation+surgical+technique+in+patients+with+pancreatic+cancer.">Reduced dissemination of circulating tumor cells with no-touch isolation surgical technique in patients with pancreatic cancer.</a> Journal of the American Medical Association Surgery. 149 (5), 482-485 (2014).</li><li>Tien, Y. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high+circulating+tumor+cell+count+in+portal+vein+predicts+liver+metastasis+from+periampullary+or+pancreatic+cancer:+A+high+portal+venous+CTC+count+predicts+liver+metastases.">A high circulating tumor cell count in portal vein predicts liver metastasis from periampullary or pancreatic cancer: A high portal venous CTC count predicts liver metastases.</a> Medicine. 95 (16), 3407 (2016).</li><li>Hirota, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreatectomy+using+the+no-touch+isolation+technique+followed+by+extensive+intraoperative+peritoneal+lavage+to+prevent+cancer+cell+dissemination:+A+pilot+study.">Pancreatectomy using the no-touch isolation technique followed by extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage to prevent cancer cell dissemination: A pilot study.</a> Journal of the Pancreas. 6 (2), 143-151 (2005).</li><li>Shen, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+pancreatoduodenectomy+for+pancreatic+cancer+using+in-situ+no-touch+isolation+technique.">Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer using in-situ no-touch isolation technique.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (180), e63450 (2022).</li><li>Tan, Z. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+experience+of+laparoscopic+pancreatoduodenectomy+via+orthotopic+resection.">Clinical experience of laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy via orthotopic resection.</a> Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 58 (10), 782-786 (2020).</li><li>Nagakawa, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+approaches+to+the+superior+mesenteric+artery+during+minimally+invasive+pancreaticoduodenectomy:+A+systematic+review.">Surgical approaches to the superior mesenteric artery during minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review.</a> Journal of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Sciences. 29 (1), 114-123 (2022).</li><li>Hermanek, P., Wittekind, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Residual+tumor+(R)+classification+and+prognosis.">Residual tumor (R) classification and prognosis.</a> Seminars in Surgical Oncology. 10 (1), 12-20 (1994).</li><li>Chu, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual-source+dual-energy+multidetector+CT+for+the+evaluation+of+pancreatic+tumours.">Dual-source dual-energy multidetector CT for the evaluation of pancreatic tumours.</a> The British Journal of Radiology. 85 (1018), 891-898 (2012).</li><li>Mao, G. -. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+application+value+of+spectral+imaging+in+diagnosis+of+pancreatic+adenocarcinoma+by+dual+source+CT.">The application value of spectral imaging in diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by dual source CT.</a> Journal of Medical Imaging. 26 (07), 1243-1246 (2016).</li><li>Higgs, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+management+of+tracheal+intubation+in+critically+ill+adults.">Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults.</a> British Journal of Anaesthesia. 120 (2), 323-352 (2018).</li><li>Schultz, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+Narcotrend+Index,+Bispectral+Index,+spectral+and+entropy+parameters+during+induction+of+propofol-remifentanil+anaesthesia.">Comparison of Narcotrend Index, Bispectral Index, spectral and entropy parameters during induction of propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia.</a> Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 22 (2), 103-111 (2008).</li><li>Cole, W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Problems+in+operability.">Problems in operability.</a> The Ulster Medical Journal. 23 (2), 102-116 (1954).</li><li>Liu, K. J., Zhao, X. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+tumor-free+technique+in+laparoscopic+surgery+for+malignant+tumors.">Application of tumor-free technique in laparoscopic surgery for malignant tumors.</a> Chinese Journal of Laparoscopic Surgery. 11 (01), 17-19 (2018).</li><li>Osada, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reconstruction+method+after+pancreaticoduodenectomy.+Idea+to+prevent+serious+complications.">Reconstruction method after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Idea to prevent serious complications.</a> Journal of the Pancreas. 13 (1), 1-6 (2012).</li><li>Li, M. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+practice+guidelines+for+the+interventional+treatment+of+advanced+pancreatic+carcinoma+(on+trial)+(6th+edition).">Clinical practice guidelines for the interventional treatment of advanced pancreatic carcinoma (on trial) (6th edition).</a> Journal of Clinical Hepatology. 38 (06), 1242-1251 (2022).</li><li>Sugiyama, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+anatomy+of+mesopancreas+in+pancreatoduodenectomy+using+an+intestinal+derotation+procedure.">Vascular anatomy of mesopancreas in pancreatoduodenectomy using an intestinal derotation procedure.</a> World Journal of Surgery. 44 (10), 3441-3448 (2020).</li><li>Zhu, C. -. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+morphological+classification+of+the+normal+pancreatic+uncinate+process+based+on+computed+tomography.">Novel morphological classification of the normal pancreatic uncinate process based on computed tomography.</a> Journal of International Medical Research. 48 (9), 300060520957453 (2020).</li></ol>

With intestinal rotation, the ventral pancreas flips to the dorsal side and unites with the dorsal pancreas throughout the development of the human embryo, and the ventral pancreas also grows into the lower portion of the pancreatic head and the uncinate process1. The pancreatic uncinate process is described as the protrusion from the bottom left of the pancreatic head that is situated behind the SMA and the SMV1. 
In the meantime, the mesopancre...

The pancreatic uncinate process is the protrusion from the bottom left of the pancreatic head that is situated behind the SMA and superior mesenteric vein (SMV)1. The management of the uncinate process is a challenging area in pancreatic surgery due to its deep anatomy and challenging exposure; therefore, especially for pancreatic cancer located in the uncinate process, surgery is prone to result in a positive surgical margin, incomplete lymph node dissection, and poor prognosis2. Therefore, improved surgical techniques and strategies are urgently required.
Most resection procedures of the pancreatic head and uncinate process are performed along the right side of the SMV and SMA3. Although this approach largely works for ampullary tumors, it has drawbacks for pancreatic head cancer, particularly for large tumors in the uncinate process2. During the procedure, it is frequently required to spin and pull the SMV and SMA in order to expose them. The IPDA cannot be dissected clearly with such approaches, which usually results in bleeding or insufficient cleaning of the area. In this work, the authors describe an approach that can support the early control of the IPDA, which results in better bleeding control, less blood loss, and better dissection of the uncinate process.
Meanwhile, conventional laparotomy or laparoscopy pancreatoduodenectomy requires a Kocher maneuver for the wide mobilization of the duodenum and pancreatic head4. However, with this maneuver, the tumor cells have the potential capacity to metastasize via the portal vein (PV), as the surgeon might squeeze the tumor while holding it during surgery4,5,6. The no-touch isolation technique is one of the popular concepts in pancreatoduodenectomy. Although it has not been proven by large clinical trials whether this surgical intervention could enhance the cancer-related prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients, the study of Hirota et al.7 reported the significance of no-touch technology in preventing cancer cell metastasis by using molecular markers (CEA mRNA) to detect cancer cells in the portal vein blood. In their study, the no-touch technique group had a lower spread rate of portal vein cancer cells and a higher 3 year survival rate than the conventional technique group. No-touch LPD has been reported by the team of the current authors previously as an ideal oncological operation process fitting the &#34;tumor-free&#34; principle8,9.
This article presents the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD. The median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the SMA were performed to deal precisely with the IPDA. To achieve the no-touch isolation technique in LPD, the blood supply to the duodenum and pancreatic heads must be cut off at the very early stage of the operation, after which the tumor can be isolated intact, resected in situ, and finally, removed en bloc.
The purpose and advantages of this strategy are to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas based on a multi-angle arterial approach10. This article aims to explore the efficacy and safety of this technique for the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD, which might improve the R0 resection rate11.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3D Laparoscope</td>
			<td>STORZ</td>
			<td>TC200,TC302</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cisatracurium Besylate Injection</td>
			<td>Hengrui Pharma</td>
			<td>H20183042</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dual-source dual-energy&#160; CT</td>
			<td>SOMATOM</td>
			<td>Definition FLASH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Echelon Flex Powered Plus Articulating Endoscopic Linear Cutter and Endopath Echelon Endoscopic Linear Cutter Reloads with Gripping Surface Technology</td>
			<td>Ethicon Endo-Surgery</td>
			<td>ECR60G/GST60G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ENDOPATH XCEL Trocars</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>CB5LT/CB12LT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HARMONIC ACE Ultrasonic Surgical Devices</td>
			<td>Ethicon Endo-Surgery</td>
			<td>HAR36</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laparoscopic bulldog clamps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>FB367R,FB369R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ligating Clips</td>
			<td>Teleflex Medical</td>
			<td>5,44,22,05,44,23,05,44,000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nacrotrend anaesthesia monitoring system&#160;</td>
			<td>Monitor Technik,Bad Bramsted</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PROLENE Polypropylene Nonabsorbable Suture/5/0</td>
			<td>Johnson &#38; Johnson</td>
			<td>W8556</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol Injectable Emulsion</td>
			<td>Aspen Pharma Trading Limited</td>
			<td>H20171275</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Remifentanil Hydrochloride for injection</td>
			<td>Humanwell Healthcare</td>
			<td>H20030197</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sevoflurane for Inhalation</td>
			<td>Hengrui Pharma</td>
			<td>H20070172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sufentanil Citrate Injecton</td>
			<td>Humanwell Healthcare</td>
			<td>H20054171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trocars</td>
			<td>AOFO</td>
			<td>FQ-D1/5.5mm 10.5mm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultrasonic Surgical &#38; Electrosurgical Generator</td>
			<td>Ethicon Endo-Surgery</td>
			<td>GEN11CN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

management of the uncinate process in no-touch laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a demanding abdominal operation that necessitates meticulous surgical skills and teamwork. The management of the pancreatic uncinate process is one of the most important and difficult processes in LPD because of its deep anatomical location and difficult exposure. Complete resection of the uncinate process and mesopancreas has become the cornerstone of LPD. In particular, it is even more difficult to avoid positive surgical margins and incomplete lymph node dissection when the tumor is located in the uncinate process. No-touch LPD, which is an ideal oncological operation process fitting the "tumor-free" principle, has been reported by our group previously. This article introduces the management of the uncinate process in no-touch LPD. Based on the multi-angle arterial approach, in this protocol, the median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the SMA are used to correctly deal with the important vascular structure, the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (IPDA), in order to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas. For the achievement of the no-touch isolation technique in LPD, the pancreatic head and the blood supply to the duodenal region must be severed at the very early stage of the operation; after that, the tumor can be isolated intact, resection can be performed in situ, and finally, the tissue can be removed en bloc. This paper aims to show the distinctive ways to manage the uncinate process in no-touch LPD and investigate the viability and safety of this approach. Moreover, the technique may increase the R0 resection rate.

A male patient aged 59 years old with symptoms including upper abdominal pain and jaundice was hospitalized in our department. He had no previous medical history and a relatively moderate normal body mass index (23.94 kg/m2). A contrast-enhanced CT scan was performed, and a tumor with a diameter of approximately 5.5 cm x 4.6 cm x 6.3 cm was found at the head and uncinate process of the pancreas (Figure 10). No evidence of distant metastasis was found, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangica...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy at JoVE.com

Management of the Uncinate Process in No-Touch Laparoscopic Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Complete resection of the uncinate process and mesopancreas is one of the most important and difficult processes in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD). This article presents a method for managing the uncinate process in no-touch LPD using the median-anterior and left-posterior approaches to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA).

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a demanding abdominal operation that necessitates meticulous surgical skills and teamwork. The management of ...

It is very challenging to avoid positive surgical margins and incomplete lymph node dissection when a tumor is located in the uncinate process. This study introduces the management of the uncinate process in no-touch laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. The advantages of this strategy are to ensure the safe and complete excision of the uncinate process and mesopancreas based on a multi-angle arterial approach.This technique possibly will improve the R-zero resection rate. To begin the surgical procedure, examine the peritoneal surfaces and intraperitoneal organs for potential extrapancreatic metastasis. Gain better exposure by removing the greater omentum.Then sever the gastrocolic ligament to open the lesser sac. Using an ultrasonic knife, dissect the gallbladder triangle. Resect and sever the gallbladder artery and cystic duct.Then remove the gallbladder and suspend the liver. To expose the hepatoduodenal ligament and hilum. Inspect the gap between the pancreatic neck and the superior mesenteric vein to assess the possibility of surgical resection.Suspend the transverse colon and its mesentery on the cephalic side to establish adequate exposure. Using the ileocolonic artery as the marker, open the transverse mesocolon, protecting the ileocolonic and middle colonic artery. Expose the second and third segments of the duodenum.Then, dissect along the right side of the superior mesenteric vein and separate the second and third segments of the duodenum from the transverse mesocolon. Expose the main trunk of the superior mesenteric vein and the proximal dorsal jejunal vein between the superior mesenteric vein and the superior mesenteric artery. Then, dissect the ligated inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein.To perform the median anterior approach to the superior mesenteric artery, pull the superior mesenteric vein to the right and widen the operation field. Expose the superior mesenteric artery pulsation to determine its trajectory. Expose the right half of the superior mesenteric artery.Then, dissect outside the arterial sheath of the superior mesenteric artery on the anterior right margin to separate it from the pancreatic mesopancreas. Next, expose the main branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery or jejunal artery along the right side of the superior mesenteric artery. To perform the left posterior approach.Place the small bowel on the right side to create space between the fourth segment of the duodenum and the inferior vena cava. Then, dissect the fusion fascia to expose the left renal vein and establish the posterior space for the superior mesenteric artery. Using an ultrasonic scalpel, carefully dissect the ligament of Treitz between the beginning part of the jejunum and the mesentery of the transverse colon.Then, use a stapler to divide the proximal jejunum. Next, place an FR8 catheter to suspend the dorsal sides of the superior mesenteric artery and the superior mesenteric vein. Pull the catheter to the upper right side to create an adequate exposure space at the left posterior aspect of the superior mesenteric artery.This facilitates the artery dissection on its periadventitial plane on the anterior left border, and its detachment from the mesopancreas. Trace the superior mesenteric artery to the root along the first jejunal artery. Dissect the superior mesenteric artery on its periadventitial plane on the anterior left margin to separate it from the pancreatic mesopancreas.Then, circumferentially dissect the superior mesenteric artery. Dissect the ligated inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. If the first jejunal artery is involved in the tumor, sacrifice it.Separate the superior mesenteric artery and superior mesenteric vein from the uncinate process and mesopancreas completely. To return to the superior colon region, draw the proximal jejunum from the dorsal of the superior mesenteric artery to the right. Using an ultrasonic knife, reveal the right gastrointestinal vein, the collateral right colonic vein, and the superior mesenteric vein trunk.Next, expose Henle's gastrocolic trunk vein to disconnect its distal and proximal ends on the right side of the superior mesenteric vein trunk. Then, using a stapler device, divide the stomach three to five centimeters away from the pylorus. Expose the common hepatic artery at the superior margin of the pancreatic neck.Dissect along the common hepatic artery towards the first hepatic hilum to reveal the proper hepatic artery and the right gastric artery. Then, sever the ligated right gastric artery. Using laparoscopic bulldog clamps, temporarily occlude the separated common bile duct.Then, dissect the hepatoduodenal ligament. Execute a lymphadenectomy along the common hepatic artery, portal vein, and proper hepatic artery. Finally, dissect the ligated right gastric artery.Next, locate the gastroduodenal artery at the junction of the proper hepatic artery and the common hepatic artery. Carefully tie the gastroduodenal artery with a 5-0 suture or ligation to reduce the risk of erosion or hemorrhage. Explore the tunnel between the pancreatic neck and the superior mesenteric vein.Dissect the ligated dorsal pancreatic artery. Place two FR14 catheters to block the pancreatic neck blood supply to reduce bleeding. Using scissors, dissect the parenchyma of the pancreatic neck.Suture the bleeding point of the resection surface with 5-0 sutures. After ligating and dissecting the left first branch of the superior mesenteric vein, suspend the splenic vein to establish exposure. Dissect the ligated uncinate process artery behind the splenic vein.Then, identify and retain the alternative right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery from the uncinate process artery. Finally, dissect the branches of the ligated portal vein. Using the Kocher maneuver, cut off the lymphatics and dissect the duodenum from the retroperitoneum.Resect the tumor in situ and remove it en bloc following the oncologic principles of no-touch. Use the Childs method to reconstruct the digestive tract. Perform a single layer running suture hepaticojejunostomy from end to side using 4-0 absorbable sutures.Then, use an internal stent to perform a duct-to-mucosal, end-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy A contrast-enhanced CT scan performed on a patient showed a tumor at the head and the uncinate process of the pancreas Histopathology results confirmed a pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with focal moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma. It is important to remember that the blood supply to the pancreatic head and duodenal region must be severed very early in the procedure. After that, the tumor can be isolated intact and resection can be performed in situ.

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Medicine

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

The Institute of Medicine has targeted patient-centeredness as an important area of quality improvement. A major dimension of patient-centeredness is respect for patient's values, preferences, and expressed needs. Yet specific approaches to gaining this understanding and translating it to quality care in the clinical setting are lacking. From a patient perspective quality is not a simple concept but is best understood in terms of five dimensions: technical outcomes; decision-making efficiency; amenities and convenience; information and emotional support; and overall patient satisfaction. Failure to consider quality from this five-pronged perspective results in a focus on medical outcomes, without considering the processes central to quality from the patient's perspective and vital to achieving good outcomes. In this paper, we argue for applying the concept of fair process in clinical settings. Fair process involves using a collaborative approach to exploring diagnostic issues and treatments with patients, explaining the rationale for decisions, setting expectations about roles and responsibilities, and implementing a core plan and ongoing evaluation. Fair process opens the door to bringing patient expertise into the clinical setting and the work of developing health care goals and strategies. This paper provides a step by step illustration of an innovative visual approach, called photovoice or photo-elicitation, to achieve fair process in clinical work with acquired brain injury survivors and others living with chronic health conditions. Applying this visual tool and methodology in the clinical setting will enhance patient-provider communication; engage patients as partners in identifying challenges, strengths, goals, and strategies; and support evaluation of progress over time. Asking patients to bring visuals of their lives into the clinical interaction can help to illuminate gaps in clinical knowledge, forge better therapeutic relationships with patients living with chronic conditions such as brain injury, and identify patient-centered goals and possibilities for healing. The process illustrated here can be used by clinicians, (primary care physicians, rehabilitation therapists, neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychologists, and others) working with people living with chronic conditions such as acquired brain injury, mental illness, physical disabilities, HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, or post-traumatic stress, and by leaders of support groups for the types of patients described above and their family members or caregivers.

This paper illustrates an innovative visual approach (photovoice or photo-elicitation) to achieve fair process in clinical care for patients living with chronic health conditions, illuminate gaps in clinical knowledge, forge better therapeutic relationships, and identify patient-centered goals and possibilities for healing.

The Institute of Medicine has targeted patient-centeredness as an important area of quality improvement. A major dimension of patient-centeredness is ...

Modified Single-Loop Reconstruction for Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Modified single-loop reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy separates pancreatic secretion from bile. It is performed in cases of high-risk pancreatic remnants to reduce the severity of postoperative pancreatic fistulas and moreover the overall postoperative morbidity. This reconstruction technique is characterized by an extra-long jejunal loop for the construction of the pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy. The longer distance between these anastomoses and an additional jejuno-jejunostomy between the afferent and efferent limb of the hepaticojejunostomy separate the fluids and prevent backflow of bile towards the pancreaticojejunostomy. Thus, the secretions cannot activate each other and aggravate an existing anastomotic leakage. We observed a reduced rate of severe postoperative pancreatic fistulas after modified single-loop reconstruction compared to conventional single loop reconstruction. The technique is easy to perform, safe, and less time-consuming than a traditional double-loop reconstruction.

The technique of modified single-loop reconstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy separates pancreatic secretion from bile, thus reducing the severity of POPF without prolonging the duration of surgery.

Modified single-loop reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy separates pancreatic secretion from bile. It is performed in cases of high-risk pancreatic ...

Technical Detail for Robot Assisted Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Since its first report in 2003, robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) has gained popularity among pancreatic surgeons. Inherent advantages of the robotic platform, including three-dimensional vision, wristed instruments, and improved ergonomics, allow the surgeon to recapitulate the principles of open pancreatoduodenectomy allowing safe oncologic dissection, hemostasis, and meticulous reconstruction. Over the course of the past decade, significant strides have been achieved in outlining the safety, feasibility, and learning curve of the robotic Whipple. When performed by high volume pancreatic surgeons experienced in RPD, recent comparative effectiveness studies show potential advantages compared to the open technique, including reductions in hospital stay and morbidity. National data also show reductions in conversion rates compared to its laparoscopic counterpart. Although long-term oncologic data are still needed, short-term oncologic surrogates of margin resection and lymph node harvest suggest no compromise in oncologic outcomes. As pancreatic surgeons increasingly integrate robotics into their practice, proficiency-based training and credentialing will be necessary for the safe application and dissemination of RPD. Here, we provide the detailed steps of a robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.&#160;

The following manuscript details a stepwise approach to the robot-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Since its first report in 2003, robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) has gained popularity among pancreatic surgeons. Inherent advantages of the robotic ...

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the primary and best option to obtain vascular access for hemodialysis treatment; other options are arteriovenous graft (AVG) and central venous catheterization (CVC). The implementation of radio-cephalic autologous arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) in the forearm was preferred among patients with superior vascular conditions. However, there is a high rate of early fistula failure. The chosen surgical method is understood to have an effect on the maturation of the fistula. New surgical procedures such as radial artery deviation and reimplantation (RADAR) have been significantly improved for juxta-anastomotic stenosis. Nevertheless, new problems such as stenosis of arteries and narrowing of surgical indication were also found. In this report, we presented a modified no-touch technique (MNTT) to create an RC-AVF, in which the venous and arterial wall avoid devascularization and the radial artery does not sever.

We present a modified no-touch technique (MNTT) to create a radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) in which the venous and arterial wall avoid devascularization and the radial artery does not sever.

Autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the primary and best option to obtain vascular access for hemodialysis treatment; other options are ...

Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Using In-Situ No-Touch Isolation Technique

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a standard radical operation for pancreatic head malignant tumors by now. Due to the complex laparoscopic resection and reconstruction techniques, it is difficult to perform LPD for patients with locally advanced pancreatic head cancer after neoadjuvant therapy. Our team initiates LPD using the in-situ No-Touch isolation technique. The innovation and optimization of this modified No-Touch isolation technique emphasize exploring the distal section of superior mesenteric vein&#160;(SMV) and the left side of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) prior to evaluating the resectability by subcolonic mesenteric approach, which is an ideal exploring approach. After that, we use the median-anterior, and left-posterior of SMA approaches to cut off the blood flow of the pancreatic head to make the tumor isolated intact, then move and dissect the tumor. It is a process fitting the surgical principle of tumor-free. This article aims to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of performing LPD using the in-situ No-Touch isolation technique, which might elevate the R0 resection rate. It is an oncological ideal operation process.

Laparoscopic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Using In-Situ No-Touch Isolation Technique

No-Touch isolation procedures might prevent the dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor. However, these techniques are not widely accepted in laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) by now. We herein present in-situ No-Touch isolation LPD with partial resection and reconstruction of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) for pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant therapy.

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a standard radical operation for pancreatic head malignant tumors by now. Due to the complex laparoscopic ...

Laparoscopic Non-Mesh Cerclage Pectopexy for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore apical support for treating POP. Sacrocolpopexy and pectopexy are indicated for apical prolapse. Using a synthetic mesh in these techniques increases success by enhancing apical support. However, the implantation of synthetic mesh is associated with mesh-related complications. In addition, the exorbitant cost of synthetic mesh and lack of universal access limit the popularity of these procedures. The current study develops a unique technique known as laparoscopic non-mesh cerclage pectopexy (LNMCP), in which permanent cervical cerclage sutures are embedded in the round ligament until the iliopectineal ligament. The iliopectineal ligament was sutured, resulting in a firm cervical suspension. The procedure was successfully performed in 16 cases in the hospital. The surgical duration was 67.8 min &plusmn; 15.5 min, and the blood loss was 73.1 mL &plusmn; 51.1 mL. No procedural complications were seen. LNMCP is associated with an objective success rate of 100% and a subjective success rate of 93.8%. LNMCP for patients with apical prolapse obviates the need for a mesh, thereby avoiding complications associated with mesh erosion and reducing medical costs. In addition, it is easy to perform even in resource-poor areas without access to synthetic mesh.

The present pilot study describes the development of laparoscopic non-mesh cerclage pectopexy to treat pelvic organ prolapse. The procedure can be used to prevent any complications associated with the use of mesh.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is widespread among the female population and significantly impairs the patient's quality of life. It is important to restore ...

Application of a New Mesh Fixation Method in Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) is one of the most widely used minimally invasive methods for repairing incisional hernias. The laparoscopic IPOM involves implanting the mesh into the abdominal cavity through laparoscopy to repair an abdominal wall hernia. In the IPOM surgery, after the closure of the hernia ring, an anti-adhesion mesh is placed laparoscopically. The correct placement of this mesh is critical to the success of the method, and surgical skills are required to achieve perfect placement. If the mesh placement is not mastered properly, the operation and anesthesia time will be prolonged. In addition, improper placement of the mesh can lead to serious consequences, such as intestinal obstruction and mesh infection. A "contraposition and alignment" mesh fixation method is described in this study, which involves pre-marking the fixation position of the mesh to reduce the difficulty of mesh placement. A properly placed mesh is completely flat on the peritoneum, the edges are not curled or wrapped, and the mesh is adhered firmly such that there is no displacement after removing the pneumoperitoneum pressure. The "contraposition and alignment" mesh fixation technique offers the advantages of reliable placement of the mesh and fewer complications than other techniques, and it is easy to learn and master. It also allows for positioning the nail gun in advance based on the anatomy of the incisional hernia. This enables the use of the minimum number of nails possible while still ensuring good fixation, which can reduce the occurrence of complications and reduce the cost of surgery. Thus, the mesh fixation method described here is highly suitable for clinical applications based on the aforementioned advantages.

Presented here is a method for improving the mesh placement in laparoscopic incisional hernia repair, which can shorten the time required for mesh fixation and reduce the occurrence of postoperative chronic pain.

Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) is one of the most widely used minimally invasive methods for repairing ...

Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery

For recurrent choledocholithiasis, abdominal adhesions in previous surgeries lead to changes in anatomical structures, and a secondary injury occurs easily when performing another operation for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), which was once considered a relative contraindication. In view of the limitations of the current surgical technique, this study summarized the surgical approaches and crucial anatomical landmarks for reoperation for LCBDE. Four general surgical approaches were proposed to expose the common bile duct, including the ligamentum teres hepatis approach, the anterior hepatic duodenal ligament approach, the right hepatic duodenal ligament approach, and the hybrid approach. Additionally, this study highlighted seven crucial anatomical landmarks: the parietal peritoneum, the gastrointestinal serosa, the ligamentum teres hepatis, the inferior margin of the liver, the gastric antrum, the duodenum, and the hepatic flexure of the colon, which were helpful to safely separate abdominal adhesions and expose the common bile duct. Moreover, to shorten the time of choledocholithotomy, a sequential method was innovatively applied for the removal of the stones in common bile duct. Mastering the above surgical approaches, including identifying crucial anatomical landmarks and adopting the sequential method will improve the safety of reoperation for LCBDE, shorten the operation time, promote the fast recovery of patients, reduce postoperative complications, and contribute to the popularization and application of this technique.

Programmed surgery based on surgical methods and anatomical markers helps shorten the operation time, reduce complications, and improve the safety of the surgery. This study investigated and summarized the surgical methods and anatomic markers of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with a history of biliary tract surgery.

For recurrent choledocholithiasis, abdominal adhesions in previous surgeries lead to changes in anatomical structures, and a secondary injury occurs ...

Fluorescent Laparoscopic Central Hepatectomy for Liver Cancer Using Indocyanine Green Negative Staining

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is an important treatment method for liver cancer. In the past, the resection boundary was usually determined by intraoperative ultrasound, important vascular structures, and surgeon experience. With the development of anatomical hepatectomy, visual surgery technology has gradually been applied to this type of surgery, particularly indocyanine green (ICG)-guided anatomical hepatectomy. As ICG can be specifically ingested by hepatocytes and used for fluorescence tracing, negative staining techniques have been applied according to different tumor positions. Under ICG fluorescent guidance, the surface boundary and deep resection plane can be more accurately displayed during liver resection. Thus, the tumor-bearing liver segment can be anatomically removed, which helps to avoid damage to important vessels and reduce ischemia or congestion of the remaining liver tissue. Finally, the incidence of postoperative biliary fistula and liver dysfunction is reduced; therefore, a better prognosis is obtained after the resection of liver cancer. Centrally located liver cancer is usually defined as a tumor located at segments 4, 5, or 8 that requires resection of the middle section of the liver. These are among the most difficult hepatectomies to perform because of the large surgical wounds and multiple vessel transections. Based on the specific tumor location, we formulated the required resection ranges by designing personalized fluorescent staining strategies. By completing anatomical resection based on the portal territory, this work aims to achieve the best therapeutic effect.

The present protocol describes fluorescent negative staining in laparoscopic central hepatectomy. This technique can make hepatectomy more accurate and precise.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is an important treatment method for liver cancer. In the past, the resection boundary was usually determined by intraoperative ...

Application of Laparoscopic Hepatectomy Combined with Intraoperative Microwave Ablation in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a common treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Previously, a sufficient number of functional liver masses had to be maintained during laparoscopic hepatectomy, with a residual liver volume of &gt;40% in cirrhotic patients and &gt;30% in non-cirrhotic patients. The high incidence of complications such as bleeding, bile leakage, or liver failure due to the exposure and difficulty of the resection of specific liver segments such as S2 and S7 reduces the success rate of liver resection. At present, microwave ablation is mainly applied in the treatment of liver metastasis using a percutaneous approach, which makes it difficult to identify hidden parts or small lesions. For some liver segments, the percutaneous puncture of liver segment 7 (S7) is likely to pass through the thoracic cavity, and the percutaneous puncture of liver segment 2 (S2) adjacent to the diaphragm is likely to injure the diaphragm and heart; these issues restrict the application of percutaneous ablation in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Considering multiple lesions, laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with hepatectomy was performed in this study. The location of the lesions was determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound under laparoscopy, and small lesions that were difficult to detect before the operation were identified. For the scattered lesions, which had diameters less than 3 cm and were difficult to resect, ablation was adopted to substitute hepatectomy. This technique helped to more explicitly locate the tumors, simplified the operation procedures, reduced the risk of complications such as bleeding and bile leakage, shortened the operation time, accelerated the postoperative recovery, significantly improved the success rate of operation, and enhanced the clinical prognosis of colorectal cancer liver metastasis by surgical resection.

This protocol describes the laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases combined with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation. This technique can safely, effectively, and accurately treat refractory liver metastases &lt;3 cm, reduce postoperative complications, and accelerate the postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a common treatment for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Previously, a sufficient number of functional liver masses had to ...