Name: an efficient method for the isolation of highly purified rna from seeds for use in quantitative transcriptome analysis
Uploaded: 2017-01-11T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 31 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis at JoVE.com

우리는 기능 유전체학 시설과 분광법 및 Bioimaging 시설, NIBB 핵심 연구 시설 및 모델 식물 연구 시설, NIBB 생물 자원 센터의 직원을 감사드립니다.

식물 씨앗에서 총 RNA 1. 추출 <ol><li> 버퍼 세트, 스핀 열, 1.5 및 2.0 mL의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브 및 뉴 클레아없는 1.5 ML의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브를 준비합니다. </li><li> (V / W) (이하, PVP라고 함), 분자 생물학 등급의 폴리 비닐 피 롤리 돈을 적극적 RNA 추출 및 와류에 대한 용해 완충액 셀 1 % 추가. 완전히 용해시키기 위해 25 ℃에서 20 분 동안 인큐베이션. 20 분 배양 후, 기포의 형성을 방지하기 위해 거꾸로 튜브를 부드럽게 돌려서 버퍼를 섞는다. 사용하기 전에 실내 온도 (15-25 °에 C)에 보관하십시오. </li><li> 얼음에 1.5 mL의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브에 애기 장대 식물과 장소에서 수확 과일입니다. 알루미늄 판에 장소 과일 4 ° C로 유지하고 스테레오 현미경 열매에서 씨앗을 격리 할 것. <ol><li> 액 N의 튜브를 배치 즉시 얼음에 알루미늄 랙에 저장되어있는 1.5ml의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브로 절연 종자 (종자 약 200)를 놓고itrogen. </li></ol></li><li> 액체 질소에서 튜브를 제거하고 얼음에 알루미늄 랙에 반환. 4 ° C에서 1,000 XG에서 1 % 1 분 동안 PVP와 원심 분리기를 포함하는 버퍼 100 μL를 추가합니다. </li><li> 얼음 알루미늄 랙 튜브를 유지하면서 60 초 동안 모터 분쇄기를 사용하여 스테인리스 봉과 시료 균질화. </li><li> 1 % PVP를 함유하는 완충액 550 μL를 추가 거꾸로 튜브를 돌려 버퍼를 부드럽게 혼합하고 25 ° C에서 10 분 동안 배양한다. </li><li> 5 25 ° C에서 8,000 XG에 분하고 새로운 1.5 ML의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브로 전송 상층 액 550 μL에 대한 원심 분리기. </li><li> 5 25 ° C에서 10,000 XG에 분하고 새로운 1.5 ML의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브로 전송 상층 액 450 μL에 대한 원심 분리기. </li><li> RNA 추출을위한 세포 용 해물로 뜨는을 사용합니다. 이하, 시판 키트 제조업체의 지침에 설명 된 절차를 따르십시오. </li><li> 용출RNA는 낮은 수준의 전 사체의 발현 양상을 모니터링하기 위해 RNA의 충분히 높은 농도를 확인하기 위해 용출 버퍼의 최소량을 사용. 사용까지 깊은 냉동고에서 RNA를 저장합니다. </li></ol> RNA 품질의 2. 확인 <ol><li> 총 RNA를 녹여 부드러운 도청에 의해 혼합하고 얼음에 알루미늄 랙에 튜브를 배치합니다. </li><li> microvolume 분광 광도계를 사용하여 RNA 농도 A260 / A280 비율 및 A260 / A230의 비율을 측정한다. </li><li> 70 NG / μL 최종 농도의 RNase가없는 물에서 총 RNA를 희석한다. </li></ol> 씨앗에서 총 RNA의 3 역전사 <ol><li> 상업 키트에서 총 RNA와 버퍼 세트를 해동. 부드러운 태핑 후 얼음에 키트에서 효소를 유지합니다. 클레아없는 0.2 ML의 폴리 프로필렌 튜브를 준비합니다. </li><li> 0.2 ML의 polypropy 5 총 RNA의 μL, 1 μL 올리고의 DT 프라이머 (50 μM), 1 임의의 μM 6 량체 (50 μM)를 추가얼음 렌 튜브. </li><li> 37 ºC에서 15 분 동안 품어과 얼음에 배치합니다. </li><li> 이하, 역전사-PCR 키트 제조업체의 지침에 설명 된 절차를 따르십시오. </li><li> 사용하기 전에 얼음에 역전사 제품을 놓습니다. </li></ol> 4. 정량적 실시간 PCR 분석 <ol><li> 제조자의 프로토콜을 사용하여 표적 유전자 서열을 보유하는 플라스미드를 구축. </li><li> 표준 곡선에 대한 DNA 템플릿 100-500,000 복사 / μL로 농도를 조절합니다. </li><li> 증류수로 다음의 cDNA 솔루션 (100 일)을 희석. </li><li> 이 희석 된 cDNA 솔루션의 μL 및 정량적 실시간 PCR 키트에서 마스터 믹스로 표준 곡선의 플라스미드를 추가합니다. </li><li> 30 초 동안 95 ° C 다음 5 초 동안 95 ° C에서 40주기와 35 초 동안 60 ° C : 다음 사이클링 조건을 사용하여 실시간 PCR을 설정합니다. </li><li> 사람에 따라 복사 번호 분석실시간 PCR 시스템 제조 회사의 지시. </li></ol>

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	<li>Hills, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+storage-product+synthesis+in+seeds.">Control of storage-product synthesis in seeds.</a> Curr Opin Plant Biol. 7 (3), 302-308 (2004).</li><li>Li-Beisson, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acyl-lipid+metabolism.">Acyl-lipid metabolism.</a> Arabidopsis Book. 11, e0161 (2013).</li><li>Bates, P. D., Stymne, S., Ohlrogge, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+pathways+in+seed+oil+synthesis.">Biochemical pathways in seed oil synthesis.</a> Curr Opin Plant Biol. 16 (3), 358-364 (2013).</li><li>Santos-Mendoza, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deciphering+gene+regulatory+networks+that+control+seed+development+and+maturation+in+Arabidopsis.">Deciphering gene regulatory networks that control seed development and maturation in Arabidopsis.</a> Plant J. 54 (4), 608-620 (2008).</li><li>Durrett, T. P., Benning, C., Ohlrogge, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+triacylglycerols+as+feedstocks+for+the+production+of+biofuels.">Plant triacylglycerols as feedstocks for the production of biofuels.</a> Plant J. 54 (4), 593-607 (2008).</li><li>Kanai, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Plastidic+DEAD-box+RNA+helicase+22,+HS3,+is+essential+for+plastid+functions+both+in+seed+development+and+in+seedling+growth.">The Plastidic DEAD-box RNA helicase 22, HS3, is essential for plastid functions both in seed development and in seedling growth.</a> Plant Cell Physiol. 54 (9), 1431-1440 (2013).</li><li>Kanai, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extension+of+oil+biosynthesis+during+the+mid-phase+of+seed+development+enhances+oil+content+in+Arabidopsis+seeds.">Extension of oil biosynthesis during the mid-phase of seed development enhances oil content in Arabidopsis seeds.</a> Plant Biotechnol J. 14 (5), 1241-1250 (2016).</li><li>Dekkers, B. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+reference+genes+for+RT-qPCR+expression+analysis+in+Arabidopsis+and+tomato+seeds.">Identification of reference genes for RT-qPCR expression analysis in Arabidopsis and tomato seeds.</a> Plant Cell Physiol. 53 (1), 28-37 (2012).</li><li>Salzman, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+RNA+isolation+method+for+plant+tissues+containing+high+levels+of+phenolic+compounds+or+carbohydrates.">An improved RNA isolation method for plant tissues containing high levels of phenolic compounds or carbohydrates.</a> Plant Mol Biol Rep. 17 (1), 11-17 (1999).</li><li>Vicient, C. M., Delseny, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+total+RNA+from+Arabidopsis+thaliana+seeds.">Isolation of total RNA from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds.</a> Anal Biochem. 268 (2), 412-413 (1999).</li><li>Wang, G. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+high+quality+RNA+from+cereal+seeds+containing+high+levels+of+starch.">Isolation of high quality RNA from cereal seeds containing high levels of starch.</a> Phytochem Analysis. 23 (2), 159-163 (2012).</li><li>Birtic, S., Kranner, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+high-quality+RNA+from+polyphenol-,+polysaccharide-+and+lipid-rich+seeds.">Isolation of high-quality RNA from polyphenol-, polysaccharide- and lipid-rich seeds.</a> Phytochem Analysis. 17 (3), 144-148 (2006).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

유전자 발현 프로파일은 식물 생리에 대한 우리의 이해에 기여; 따라서, 특정 RNA 분리 방법은 각각의 샘플 조건 9-12 개발되었다. 우리는 씨앗에서 RNA 분리하는 동안 억제와 RNA는 실리카 막에 결합하는 것은 심각하게 저해 것을 발견 과정을 조사 하였다. 오일, 단백질, 폴리 페놀 다량의 RNA 분리를 억제한다. 우리는 RNA 실리카 막에 결합하는 과정 전에 분해 용액으로 이들 화합물을 제거하는...

식물은 다음 세대를 야기 종자를 생산한다. 씨앗은 후 germinative 성장을위한 오일, 탄수화물, 단백질, 같은 저장 매장량의 많은 양의 축적. 인간은 식품 및 동물 사료의 소스로 종자 저장 보유고를 활용, 따라서 식물 씨앗은 전 세계적으로 식용 유기 물질의 주요 공급 업체 중 하나입니다. 종자 생산량 증가는 식물 과학에서 중요한 도전이다. 종자 저장 매장량 식품 및 산업용 소재의 상업적 가치있는 소스이기 때문에, 이러한 매장량의 신진 대사의 규제를 기본 분자 메커니즘 널리 1-6 조사되었다. 또한 이러한 메커니즘을 해명하는 것은 작물 종자 수확량을 증가 도움이 될 것입니다. 씨앗은 수정 후 식물의 난소에서 개발, 그들은 발달 단계 1,6,7의 시리즈를 통해 성숙. 또한 분자 메커니즘 기본 종자 개발을 이해하는 상세한 필요씨앗, 현상하는 일련의 정확한 유전자 발현 프로파일을 생성한다. 그러나, 식물의 씨앗 오일, 단백질, 탄수화물, 폴리 페놀의 다량 어려운 유전자 발현의 정확한 프로파일을 배제 고순도 RNA를 분리 할 수 ​​있습니다. 여기서는 오일, 단백질, 폴리 페놀을 다량 함유 종자로부터 RNA를 분리하기위한 효율적인 방법을 소개한다. 이 방법을 사용하여, 연구자는 고도로 정제 된 RNA를 제조 할 수있을 것이다. 이러한 RNA 개발 및 성숙 종자에서 종자 저장 매장량의 대사 조절을 제어하는 ​​핵심 유전자의 전사 변화를 모니터링하는 데 유용 할 것입니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>RNeasy Plant Mini Kit</td><td>QIAGEN</td><td>74904</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polyvinylpyrrolidone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P5288-100G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HOMOGENIZER S-303</td><td>AS ONE</td><td>1-1133-02</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NanoDrop Lite</td><td>Thermo Scientific</td><td>ND-NDL-US-CAN</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PrimeScript RT reagent Kit (Perfect Real Time)</td><td>TAKARA</td><td>RR037A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KAPA SYBR Fast qPCR kit</td><td>Kapa biosystems</td><td>KK4601</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

an efficient method for the isolation of highly purified rna from seeds for use in quantitative transcriptome analysis

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as industrial materials. Gene expression profiles are powerful tools for investigating metabolic regulation in plant cells. Therefore, detailed, accurate gene expression profiles during seed development are required for crop breeding. Acquiring highly purified RNA is essential for producing these profiles. Efficient methods are needed to isolate highly purified RNA from seeds. Here, we describe a method for isolating RNA from seeds containing large amounts of oils, proteins, and polyphenols, which have inhibitory effects on high-purity RNA isolation. Our method enables highly purified RNA to be obtained from seeds without the use of phenol, chloroform, or additional processes for RNA purification. This method is applicable to Arabidopsis, rapeseed, and soybean seeds. Our method will be useful for monitoring the expression patterns of low level transcripts in developing and mature seeds.

우리는 먼저 애기 장대 성숙한 씨앗을 사용하여 PVP의 최적 농도를 조사 하였다. 총 RNA는 0 %, 0.25 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 % 또는 2.0 %의 PVP를 함유하는 세포 용해 완충액을 이용하여 전술 한 프로토콜에 따라 약 1,000 종자로부터 단리 하였다. 오일 층과 시드 파편 (도 1A)를 피하면서 균질화하고, 원심 분리 후 상청을 회수 하였다. <p class="jove_content" fo:keep-together.within-p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis at JoVE.com

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

We have succeeded in establishing a method for RNA isolation from plant seeds containing large amounts of oils, proteins, and polyphenols, which have inhibitory effects on high-purity RNA isolation. Our method is suitable for monitoring the expression of genes with low level transcripts in seeds.

양 사체 (Transcriptome) 분석에있는 사용을위한 씨앗에서 매우 정제 된 RNA의 분리를위한 효율적인 방법

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

9.7K 조회수.  National Institute for Basic Biology. We have succeeded in establishing a method for RNA isolation from plant seeds containing large amounts of oils, proteins, and polyphenols, which have inhibitory effects on high-purity RNA isolation. Our method is suitable for monitoring the expression of genes with low level transcripts in seeds.

비디오: An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Ribonucleoprotein particles direct the biogenesis and post-transcriptional regulation of all mRNAs through distinct combinations of RNA binding proteins. They are composed of position-dependent, cis-acting RNA elements and unique combinations of RNA binding proteins. Defining the composition of a specific RNP is essential to achieving a fundamental understanding of gene regulation. The isolation of a select RNP is akin to finding a needle in a haystack. Here, we demonstrate an approach to isolate RNPs associated at the 5' untranslated region of a select mRNA in asynchronous, transfected cells. This cognate RNP has been demonstrated to be necessary for the translation of select viruses and cellular stress-response genes.
The demonstrated RNA-protein co-precipitation protocol is suitable for the downstream analysis of protein components through proteomic analyses, immunoblots, or suitable biochemical identification assays. This experimental protocol demonstrates that DHX9/RNA helicase A is enriched at the 5' terminus of cognate retroviral RNA and provides preliminary information for the identification of its association with cell stress-associated huR and junD cognate mRNAs.

This manuscript describes an approach to isolate select cognate RNPs formed in eukaryotic cells via a specific oligonucleotide-directed enrichment. We demonstrate the applicability of this approach by isolating a cognate RNP bound to the retroviral 5' untranslated region that is composed of DHX9/RNA helicase A.

올리고 뉴클레오티드 지시 용출을 사용하여 세포에서 동족 RNA 단백질 단지의 분리

Ribonucleoprotein particles direct the biogenesis and post-transcriptional regulation of all mRNAs through distinct combinations of RNA binding proteins. ...

연구

생화학

An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Therefore, biochemical characterization of mRNA-protein complexes is essential to understanding mRNA regulation inferred by interacting proteins or non-coding RNAs. Herein, we describe a tandem RNA isolation procedure (TRIP) that enables the purification of endogenously formed mRNA-protein complexes from cellular extracts. The two-step protocol involves the isolation of polyadenylated mRNAs with antisense oligo(dT) beads and subsequent capture of an mRNA of interest with 3&#39;-biotinylated 2&#39;-O-methylated antisense RNA oligonucleotides, which can then be isolated with streptavidin beads. TRIP was used to recover in vivo crosslinked mRNA-ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes from yeast, nematodes and human cells for further RNA and protein analysis. Thus, TRIP is a versatile approach that can be adapted to all types of polyadenylated RNAs across organisms to study the dynamic re-arrangement of mRNPs imposed by intracellular or environmental cues.

A tandem RNA isolation procedure (TRIP) for recovery of endogenously formed mRNA-protein complexes is described. Specifically, RNA-protein complexes are crosslinked in vivo, polyadenylated RNAs are isolated from extracts with oligo(dT) beads, and particular mRNAs are captured with modified RNA antisense oligonucleotides. Proteins bound to mRNAs are detected by immunoblot analysis.

진 핵 세포 mRNA 단백질 복합물을 복구 하는 Oligonucleotide 기반 협동 RNA 격리 절차

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Therefore, biochemical characterization of mRNA-protein ...

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs

The study of small RNAs (sRNAs) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) is challenged by bias issues during library preparation. Several types of sRNA such as plant microRNAs (miRNAs) carry a 2&#39;-O-methyl (2&#39;-OMe) modification at their 3&#39;&#160;terminal nucleotide. This modification adds another difficulty as it inhibits 3&#39;&#160;adapter ligation. We previously demonstrated that modified versions of the &#39;TruSeq (TS)&#39;&#160;protocol have less bias and an improved detection of 2&#39;-OMe RNAs. Here we describe in detail protocol &#39;TS5&#39;, which showed the best overall performance. TS5 can be followed either using homemade reagents or reagents from the TS kit, with equal performance.

We present a detailed small RNA library reparation protocol with less bias than standard methods and an increased sensitivity for 2&#39;-O-methyl RNAs. This protocol can be followed using homemade reagents to save cost or using kits for convenience.

작은 RNA-seq 개선: 2'-O-메틸 RNA의 더 적은 편견 및 더 나은 검출

The study of small RNAs (sRNAs) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) is challenged by bias issues during library preparation. Several types of sRNA such as ...

유전학

Isolation of High Purity Tissues from Developing Barley Seeds

Understanding the mechanisms regulating the development of cereal seeds is essential for plant breeding and increasing yield. However, the analysis of cereal seeds is challenging owing to the minute size, the liquid character of some tissues, and the tight inter-tissue connections. Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for dissection of the embryo, endosperm, and seed maternal tissues at early, middle, and late stages of barley seed development. The protocol is based on a manual tissue dissection using fine-pointed tools and a binocular microscope, followed by ploidy analysis-based purity control. Seed maternal tissues and embryos are diploid, while the endosperm is triploid tissue. This allows the monitoring of sample purity using flow cytometry. Additional measurements revealed the high quality of RNA isolated from such samples and their usability for high-sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, this protocol describes how to practically dissect pure tissues from developing grains of cultivated barley and potentially also other cereals.

Here we present a protocol for high purity manual isolation and quality control of embryo, endosperm and seed maternal tissues during entire barley seed development.

Understanding the mechanisms regulating the development of cereal seeds is essential for plant breeding and increasing yield. However, the analysis of ...

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

The characterization of gene expression is dependent on RNA quality. In germinating, developing and mature cereal seeds, the extraction of high-quality RNA is often hindered by high starch and sugar content. These compounds can reduce both the yield and the quality of the extracted total RNA. The deterioration in quantity and quality of total RNA can subsequently have a significant impact on the downstream transcriptomic analyses, which may not accurately reflect the spatial and/or temporal variation in the gene expression profile of the samples being tested. In this protocol, we describe an optimized method for extraction of total RNA with sufficient quantity and quality to be used for whole transcriptome analysis of cereal grains. The described method is suitable for several downstream applications used for transcriptomic profiling of developing, germinating, and mature cereal seeds. The method of transcriptome profiling using a microarray platform is shown. This method is specifically designed for gene expression profiling of cereals with described genome sequences. The detailed procedure from microarray handling to final quality control is described. This includes cDNA synthesis, cRNA labelling, microarray hybridization, slide scanning, feature extraction, and data quality validation. The data generated by this method can be used to characterize the transcriptome of cereals during germination, in various stages of grain development, or at different biotic or abiotic stress conditions. The results presented here exemplify high-quality transcriptome data amenable for downstream bioinformatics analyses, such as the determination of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterisation of gene regulatory networks, and conducting transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS).

A method for transcriptome profiling of cereals is presented. The microarray-based gene expression profiling starts with the isolation of high-quality total RNA from cereal grains and continues with the generation of cDNA. After cRNA labelling and microarray hybridization, recommendations are given for signal detection and quality control.

유전자 발현 프로파일링을 위한 수정된 방법으로 시리얼 씨앗에서 고품질 전사 데이터 획득

The characterization of gene expression is dependent on RNA quality. In germinating, developing and mature cereal seeds, the extraction of high-quality ...

An Improved Method of RNA Isolation from Loblolly Pine (P. taeda L.) and Other Conifer Species

Tissues isolated from conifer species, particularly those belonging to the Pinaceae family, such as loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds and polysaccharides that interfere with RNA purification. Isolation of high-quality RNA from these species requires rigorous tissue collection procedures in the field and the employment of an RNA isolation protocol comprised of multiple organic extraction steps in order to isolate RNA of sufficient quality for microarray and other genomic analyses. The isolation of high-quality RNA from field-collected loblolly pine samples can be challenging, but several modifications to standard tissue and RNA isolation procedures greatly improve results. The extent of general RNA degradation increases if samples are not properly collected and transported from the field, especially during large-scale harvests. Total RNA yields can be increased significantly by pulverizing samples in a liquid nitrogen freezer mill prior to RNA isolation, especially when samples come from woody tissues. This is primarily due to the presence of oxidizing agents, such as phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides that are both present at high levels in extracts from the woody tissues of most conifer species. If not removed, these contaminants can carry over leading to problems, such as RNA degradation, that result in low yields and a poor quality RNA sample. Carryover of phenolic compounds, as well as polysaccharides, can also reduce or even completely eliminate the activity of reverse transcriptase or other polymerases commonly used for cDNA synthesis. In particular, RNA destined to be used as template for double-stranded cDNA synthesis in the generation of cDNA libraries, single-stranded cDNA synthesis for PCR or qPCR's, or for the synthesis of microarray target materials must be of the highest quality if researchers expect to obtain optimal results. RNA isolation techniques commonly employed for many other plant species are often insufficient in their ability to remove these contaminants from conifer samples and thus do not yield total RNA samples suitable for downstream manipulations. In this video we demonstrate methods for field collection of conifer tissues, beginning with the felling of a forty year-old tree, to the harvesting of phloem, secondary xylem, and reaction wood xylem. We also demonstrate an RNA isolation protocol that has consistently yielded high-quality RNA for subsequent enzymatic manipulations.

An Improved Method of RNA Isolation from Loblolly Pine P. taeda L. and Other Conifer Species

Many plant tissues, including phloem and xylem from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), contain high levels of phenolics and polysaccharides that interfere with RNA purification. This presentation discusses techniques for the harvest of field-grown tissues and isolation of RNA of sufficient quality for microarrays and other genomic analyses.

로블롤리 파인로부터 RNA 분리의 개선 방법 ( P. taeda L.) 및 기타 코니퍼 종

Tissues isolated from conifer species, particularly those belonging to the Pinaceae family, such as loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), contain high ...

생물학

Polysome Purification from Soybean Symbiotic Nodules

The aim of this protocol is to provide a strategy for studying the eukaryotic translatome of the soybean (Glycine max) symbiotic nodule. This paper describes methods optimized to isolate plant-derived polyribosomes and their associated mRNAs to be analyzed using RNA-sequencing. First, cytoplasmic lysates are obtained through homogenization in polysome- and RNA-preserving conditions from whole, frozen soybean nodules. Then, lysates are cleared by low-speed centrifugation, and 15% of the supernatant is used for total RNA (TOTAL) isolation. The remaining cleared lysate is used to isolate polysomes by ultracentrifugation through a two-layer sucrose cushion (12% and 33.5%). Polysome-associated mRNA (PAR) is purified from polysomal pellets after resuspension. Both TOTAL and PAR are evaluated by highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis to meet the quality standards of sequencing libraries for RNA-seq. As an example of a downstream application, after sequencing, standard pipelines for gene expression analysis can be used to obtain differentially expressed genes at the transcriptome and translatome levels. In summary, this method, in combination with RNA-seq, allows the study of the translational regulation of eukaryotic mRNAs in a complex tissue such as the symbiotic nodule.

This protocol describes a method for eukaryotic polysome purification from intact soybean nodules. After sequencing, standard pipelines for gene expression analysis can be used to identify differentially expressed genes at the transcriptome and translatome levels.

대두 공생 결절에서 폴리솜 정제

The aim of this protocol is to provide a strategy for studying the eukaryotic translatome of the soybean (Glycine max) symbiotic nodule. This paper ...

발생학

Metabolic Labeling of Newly Transcribed RNA for High Resolution Gene Expression Profiling of RNA Synthesis, Processing and Decay in Cell Culture

The development of whole-transcriptome microarrays and next-generation sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the complexity of cellular gene expression. Along with a better understanding of the involved molecular mechanisms, precise measurements of the underlying kinetics have become increasingly important. Here, these powerful methodologies face major limitations due to intrinsic properties of the template samples they study, i.e. total cellular RNA. In many cases changes in total cellular RNA occur either too slowly or too quickly to represent the underlying molecular events and their kinetics with sufficient resolution. In addition, the contribution of alterations in RNA synthesis, processing, and decay are not readily differentiated.
We recently developed high-resolution gene expression profiling to overcome these limitations. Our approach is based on metabolic labeling of newly transcribed RNA with 4-thiouridine (thus also referred to as 4sU-tagging) followed by rigorous purification of newly transcribed RNA using thiol-specific biotinylation and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. It is applicable to a broad range of organisms including vertebrates, Drosophila, and yeast. We successfully applied 4sU-tagging to study real-time kinetics of transcription factor activities, provide precise measurements of RNA half-lives, and obtain novel insights into the kinetics of RNA processing. Finally, computational modeling can be employed to generate an integrated, comprehensive analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Total cellular RNA provides a poor template for studying short-term changes in RNA synthesis and decay as well as the kinetics of RNA processing. Here, we describe metabolic labeling of newly transcribed RNA with 4-thiouridine followed by thiol-specific biotinylation and purification of newly transcribed RNA allowing to overcome these limitations.

세포 배양에서 RNA 합성, 처리 및 부패의 높은 해상도 유전자 발현 프로파일에 대한 새로 전사 RNA 대사 라벨링

The development of whole-transcriptome microarrays and next-generation sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of the complexity of cellular gene ...

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

In flowering plants, the embryo develops within a nourishing tissue - the endosperm - surrounded by the maternal seed integuments (or seed coat). As a consequence, the isolation of plant embryos at early stages (1 cell to globular stage) is technically challenging due to their relative inaccessibility. Efficient manual dissection at early stages is strongly impaired by the small size of young Arabidopsis seeds and the adhesiveness of the embryo to the surrounding tissues. Here, we describe a method that allows the efficient isolation of young Arabidopsis embryos, yielding up to 40 embryos in 1 hr to 4 hr, depending on the downstream application. Embryos are released into isolation buffer by slightly crushing 250-750 seeds with a plastic pestle in an Eppendorf tube. A glass microcapillary attached to either a standard laboratory pipette (via a rubber tube) or a hydraulically controlled microinjector is used to collect embryos from droplets placed on a multi-well slide on an inverted light microscope. The technical skills required are simple and easily transferable, and the basic setup does not require costly equipment. Collected embryos are suitable for a variety of downstream applications such as RT-PCR, RNA sequencing, DNA methylation analyses, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunostaining, and reporter gene assays.

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

We report an efficient and simple method to isolate embryos at early stages of development from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Up to 40 embryos can be isolated in 1 hr to 4 hr, depending on the downstream application. The procedure is suitable for transcriptome, DNA methylation, reporter gene expression, immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses.

에서 초기 단계의 배아의 효율적이고 신속한 분리<em&gt; 애기 장대</em&gt; 씨앗

In flowering plants, the embryo develops within a nourishing tissue - the endosperm - surrounded by the maternal seed integuments (or seed coat). As a ...

Purifying the Impure: Sequencing Metagenomes and Metatranscriptomes from Complex Animal-associated Samples

The accessibility of high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized many fields of biology. In order to better understand host-associated viral and microbial communities, a comprehensive workflow for DNA and RNA extraction was developed. The workflow concurrently generates viral and microbial metagenomes, as well as metatranscriptomes, from a single sample for next-generation sequencing. The coupling of these approaches provides an overview of both the taxonomical characteristics and the community encoded functions. The presented methods use Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sputum, a problematic sample type, because it is exceptionally viscous and contains high amount of mucins, free neutrophil DNA, and other unknown contaminants. The protocols described here target these problems and successfully recover viral and microbial DNA with minimal human DNA contamination. To complement the metagenomics studies, a metatranscriptomics protocol was optimized to recover both microbial and host mRNA that contains relatively few ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences. An overview of the data characteristics is presented to serve as a reference for assessing the success of the methods. Additional CF sputum samples were also collected to (i) evaluate the consistency of the microbiome profiles across seven consecutive days within a single patient, and (ii) compare the consistency of metagenomic approach to a 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based sequencing. The results showed that daily fluctuation of microbial profiles without antibiotic perturbation was minimal and the taxonomy profiles of the common CF-associated bacteria were highly similar between the 16S rDNA libraries and metagenomes generated from the hypotonic lysis (HL)-derived DNA. However, the differences between 16S rDNA taxonomical profiles generated from total DNA and HL-derived DNA suggest that hypotonic lysis and the washing steps benefit in not only removing the human-derived DNA, but also microbial-derived extracellular DNA that may misrepresent the actual microbial profiles.

Using the cystic fibrosis airway as an example, the manuscript presents a comprehensive workflow comprising a combination of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to characterize the microbial and viral communities in animal-associated samples.

양 사체 (Transcriptome) 분석에있는 사용을위한 씨앗에서 매우 정제 된 RNA의 분리를위한 효율적인 방법

요약

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