Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle

Summary

This study details the crucial factors to consider in experimental designs involving female rats. In a larger sense, these data serve to decrease stigma and assist in the development of more inclusive diagnostic and intervention tools.

Abstract

The current methodology establishes a reproducible, standardized, and cost-effective approach to monitoring the estrous cycle of female Sprague Dawley (SD) adolescent rats. This study demonstrates the complexity of hormonal cycles and the broad spectrum of understanding required to construct a reliable and valid monitoring technique. Through an in-depth examination of principal experimental design and procedural elements, this description of the cycle and its fundamental principles provides a framework for further understanding and deconstructs misconceptions for future replication.

Along with an outline of the sample collection process employing vaginal lavage, the procedure describes the mechanism of data categorization into the four-stage model of proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. These stages are characterized by a new proposed approach, utilizing the 4 categorizing determinants of vaginal fluid condition, cell type(s) present, cell arrangement, and cell quantity at the time of collection. Variations of each stage, favorable and unfavorable samples, the distinction between cyclicity and acyclicity, and graphic depictions of the collected categorizing components are presented alongside effective interpretive and organizational practices of the data. Overall, these tools allow for the publication of quantifiable data ranges for the first time, leading to the standardization of categorization factors upon replication.

Introduction

Novel contributions
The rodent estrous cycle has been identified as an essential indicator of wellness. However, unconscious biases of investigators and inaccurate interpretations regarding the female body hinder the scientific community. The very etymology of the word "estrous" implies a sense of inferiority and negativity. Euripides used the term to describe a "frenzy" or madness, Homer to describe panic, and Plato to describe an irrational drive. This study highlights how these primeval perspectives influence the current scientific community and addresses these concerns through a novel mosaic paradigm—an update....

Protocol

All handling and procedure methods outlined in this protocol align with National Institutes of Health (NIH) animal care and use guidelines and have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Pepperdine University and The UCLA Chancellor's Animal Research Committee (ARC).

1. Animal care and use

1. Acquire female rats, in numbers according to power analysis, and male rats to promote the Whitten effect or more consistent cycling⁴⁶

Discussion

Key steps and important considerations
Certain critical steps in the provided protocol require emphasis, especially within the collection of vaginal cells. During the vaginal fluid extraction, ensuring the proper angle and depth of syringe insertion is key to producing satisfactory results and ultimately preventing irritation, injury, or cervical stimulation to the animal. The stimulation of the cervix can be one source of pseudopregnancy induction, indicated by 12-14 days of a leukocyte-only vagin.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
AmScope 40X-1000X LED Student Microscope + 5MP USB Camera	AmScope	Part Number: M150C-E5 EAN: 0608729747796 Model Number: M150C-E5	https://www.amazon.com/AmScope-40X-1000X-Student-Microscope-Camera/dp/B00O9GNOTA/ref=sr_1_15?crid=2W9CHTG8YSOTV& keywords=usb+camera+for+microscope& qid=1572477663&s=industrial &sprefix=USB+camera+for+micr%2Cindustrial%2C177&sr=1-15
BD PrecisionGlide Needle Pack, 20G x 1, Short Bevel	Fischer Scientific	14-815-526	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/bd-precisionglide-single-use-needles-short-bevel-regular-wall-4/14815526#?keyword=BD%20PrecisionGlide%20Needle%20Pack,%2020G%20x%201
Bed O Cob 1/8	NEWCO	93009	https://andersonslabbedding.com/cob-products/bed-ocobs-8b/
Corning™ Plain Microscope Slides Plain water-white glass	Fischer Scientific	12-553-7A	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/corning-plain-microscope-slides-microscope-slides-75-x-25mm/125537a
Corning™ Rectangular Cover Glasses	Fischer Scientific	12-553-464	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/corning-square-rectangular-cover-glasses-rectangle-no-1-thickness-0-13-0-17mm-size-24-x-50mm/12553464#?keyword=true
Kimberly-Clark Professional™ Kimtech Science™ Kimwipes™ Delicate Task Wipers, 1-Ply	Fischer Scientific	06-666	https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/kimberly-clark-kimtech-science-kimwipes-delicate-task-wipers-7/p-211240?crossRef=kimwipes
Labdiet Rodent Lab Chow 50lb, 15001	NEWCO Specialty and LabDiet	5012	https://www.labdiet.com/products/standarddiets/rodents/index.html
Linear LED Bulb, UL Type A, T8, Medium Bi-Pin (G13), 4,000 K Color Temperature, Lumens 2550 lm	Grainger	36UX10	https://www.grainger.com/product/36UX10?gclid=CjwKCAjw_ LL2BRAkEiwAv2Y3SW1WdNdkf7 zdIxoT9R6n2DGnrToJHjv-pwCTca4ahQyExrrtWvbgwRoCi4 cQAvD_BwE&s_kwcid=AL!2966!3!335676016696 !p!!g!!led18et8%2F4%2F840&ef_id= CjwKCAjw_LL2BRAkEiwAv2Y3SW 1WdNdkf7zdIxoT9R6n2DGnrToJ Hjv-pwCTca4ahQyExrrtWvbgwRo Ci4cQAvD_BwE:G:s&s_kwcid=AL!2966!3!335676016696!p!!g!!led18et8%2F4%2F840&cm_mmc= PPC:+Google+PPC
Sodium Chloride Injection Bags, 0.9%	Live Action Safety	ABB079830939	https://www.liveactionsafety.com/injection-iv-solution-9-sodium-chloride-1000ml-bags/
Syringe Sterile 1ml  with Luer Slip Tip - 100 Syringes by BH Supplies	BH Supplies	ASIN: B07BQDRDC2 UPC: 638632928821	https://www.amazon.com/1ml-Syringe-Sterile-Luer-Slip/dp/B07BQDRDC2/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?crid=13S8EGEUK90G7& keywords=1ml+sterile+syringe&qid= 1572478649&s=industrial &sprefix=1+ml+steri%2Cindustrial%2C187&sr=1-1-spons&psc=1&spLa= ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVy PUEyRlo4NFdZWkJLWkxGJm VuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMDEzODQ yMjNWNzdWM0hTNzVBRCZlbmNy eXB0ZWRBZElkPUEwNDI3NzAzM 0E5SzVKMkxaQVc2JndpZGdldE5h bWU9c3BfYXRmJmFjdGlvbj1jbGlja 1JlZGlyZWN0JmRvTm90TG9nQ2 xpY2s9dHJ1ZQ==
Wire lids and floors Mouse Maternity Wire Bar LidUsed with Rat Cage (10" X 19" x 8"H )Overall dimen	Allentown	LV40326013	https://www.labx.com/item/wire-lids-and-floors-mouse-maternity-wire-bar-lidused/LV40326013#description
Ultra Lightweight Tissue and Plastic 17' x 24' Disposable Underpad	Medline	EAN: 0480196288558  Global Trade Identification Number: 40080196288558	https://www.amazon.com/Medline-Industries-MSC281224C-Lightweight-Disposable/dp/B00A2G67YU/ref=sr_1_4?keywords=medline+industries+surgical+pads&qid=1572475853& sr=8-4