Performing Repeated Intraoperative Impedance Telemetry Measurements during Cochlear Implantation

Summary

Here we present a protocol to conduct repeated impedance telemetry measurements during cochlear implantation (CI). They may allow conclusions on the electrode's and implant's function. Repeated impedance measurements enable objective feedback on whether the electrode is positioned inside the perilymph or outside the inner ear.

Abstract

Impedance measurements are routinely performed during cochlear implantation (CI) after finalized electrode insertion. They may allow conclusions on the electrode's and implant's function. In the postoperative setting, the analysis of impedance changes enables the identification of scarring or inflammation processes around the electrode. Recent studies report associations between impedance telemetry and the site of stimulation. Consequently, repeated impedance measurements during cochlear implant electrode insertion may enable objective feedback on whether the electrode is positioned inside the perilymph or outside the inner ear. With the presented novel method, impedances can be measured in real-time during cochlear implantation. This protocol systematically explains how to perform repeated impedance recordings during CI surgery. These repeated measurements are challenging since they depend on multiple intraoperative methodological factors starting with the draping of the patient. Thus, for successful recordings, a standardized procedure is mandatory. In this article, we comprehensively illustrate the system setup and procedure of performing intraoperative measurements during CI surgery.

Introduction

Preserving residual hearing is an increasing topic of interest in cochlear implantation (CI) surgery, and the indication has changed towards candidates with functional residual hearing. Thus, measurements that may objectify the position of the electrode array and the resulting potential intracochlear damage during surgery are becoming increasingly important. CI-users with successfully preserved hearing have been shown to have superior hearing performance with the implant after surgery, even when stimulated electrically-only¹. Some of them may additionally benefit from acoustic stimulation (electro-acoustic stimulation; EAS). Perioperative heari....

Protocol

This protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration (Ruhr-University Bochum: Reg.-No.: 21-7373; Medical University Innsbruck Reg.-No.: 1060/2021). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

1. Preparation for the surgery

1. Make sure to obtain audiological testing reports, including pure-tone audiometry, objective testing (e.g., brainstem evoked response audiometry, speech testing), and vestibular diagnostics .......

Discussion

Repeated impedance measurements are a promising approach to gain real-time feedback from the cochlea during the insertion process. They indicate which electrode contacts are positioned inside the perilymph or not. With the here presented novel method for flexible lateral wall electrodes (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria)⁷, impedances may be measured in real-time during cochlear implantation utilizing the inserting electrode array. However, for reliable measurements, a standardized procedure is cruc.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Audacity	Open source	https://www.audacityteam.org/	Audio editor software
Coil cable	Any appropriate brand		Implant interface
Computer	Any appropriate brand
Electrode array	MED-EL	https://s3.medel.com/pdf/21617.pdf	Standard, FlexSoft, Flex28
IM Software	MED-EL	https://www.medel.com/
Maestro	MED-EL	https://www.medel.com/
MAX Interface USB	Any appropriate brand		Interface connection
Octenisept	SCHÜLKE & MAYR GmbH	N/A
Open Broadcaster Software	Open source	https://obsproject.com/	Video recording software
Spongostan	Ethicon	N/A	Resorbable sponge
Ultracain 1%	Suprarenin, Sanofi	N/A	Local anesthesia