Name: isolate cell-type-specific rnas from snap-frozen heterogeneous tissue samples without cell sorting
Uploaded: 2021-12-08T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolate Cell-Type-Specific RNAs from Snap-Frozen Heterogeneous Tissue Samples without Cell Sorting at JoVE.com

This work was partially supported by NIH R00HD082686. We thank the Endocrine Society Summer Research Fellowship to H.S.Z. We also thank Dr. Yuan Kang for breeding and maintaining the mouse colony.

All performed animal experiments followed the protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) at Auburn University.
NOTE: The following protocol uses one testis (about 100 mg) at P28 from Gli1-CreERT2; NuTRAP mice (Mus musculus). Volumes of reagents may need to be adjusted based on the types of samples and the number of tissues.
1. Tissue collection
<ol>
	<li>Euthanize the mice using a CO...

<ol>
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C., Miyagawa, S., Matsumaru, D., Parker, K. L., Yao, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progenitor+cell+expansion+and+organ+size+of+mouse+adrenal+is+regulated+by+sonic+hedgehog.">Progenitor cell expansion and organ size of mouse adrenal is regulated by sonic hedgehog.</a> Endocrinology. 151 (3), 1119-1128 (2010).</li><li>Benton, L., Shan, L. -. X., Hardy, M. 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The usefulness of the whole-tissue transcriptome analysis could be dampened, especially when studying complex heterogeneous tissues. How to obtain cell-type-specific RNAs becomes an urgent need to unleash the powerful RNA-seq technique. The isolation of cell-type-specific RNAs usually relies on the collection of a specific type of cells using micromanipulation, fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS), or laser capture microdissection (LCM)18. Other modern high-throughput single-cell collection m...

High-throughput approaches, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray, have made it possible to interrogate gene expression profiles at the genome-wide level. For complex tissues such as the heart, brain, and testis, the cell-type-specific data will provide more details comparing the use of RNAs from the whole tissue1,2,3. To overcome the impact of cellular heterogeneity, the Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) method has been developed since early 2010s4. TRAP is able to isolate ribosome-bound RNAs from specific cell types without tissue dissociation. This method has been used for translatome (mRNAs that are being recruited to the ribosome for translation) analysis in different organisms, including targeting an extremely rare population of muscle cells in Drosophila embryos5, studying different root cells in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana6, and performing transcriptome analysis of endothelial cells in mammals7.
TRAP requires a genetic modification to tag the ribosome of a model organism. Evan Rosen and colleagues recently developed a mouse model called Nuclear tagging and Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (NuTRAP) mouse8, which has been available through the Jackson Laboratory since 2017. By crossing with a Cre mouse line, researchers can use this NuTRAP mouse model to isolate ribosome-bound RNAs and cell nuclei from Cre-expressing cells without cell sorting. In Cre-expressing cells that also carry the NuTRAP allele, the EGFP/L10a tagged ribosome allows the isolation of translating mRNAs using affinity pulldown assays. At the same cell, the biotin ligase recognition peptide (BLRP)-tagged nuclear membrane, which is also mCherry positive, allows the nuclear isolation by using affinity- or fluorescence-based purification. The same research team also generated a similar mouse line in which the nuclear membrane is labeled only with mCherry without biotin8. These two genetically modified mouse lines give access to characterize paired epigenomic and transcriptomic profiles of specific types of cells in interest.
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a critical role in tissue development9. GLI1, a member of the GLI family, acts as a transcriptional activator and mediates the Hh signaling. Gli1+ cells can be found in many hormone-secreting organs, including the adrenal gland and the testis. To isolate cell-type-specific DNAs and RNAs from Gli1+ cells using the NuTRAP mouse model, Gli1-CreERT2 mice were crossed with the NuTRAP mice. Shh-CreERT2 mice were also crossed with the NuTRAP mice aim to isolate sonic hedgehog (Shh) expressing cells. The following protocol shows how to use Gli1-CreERT2;NuTRAP mice to isolate ribosome-bound RNAs from Gli1+ cells in adult mouse testes.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Actb</td>
			<td>eurofins</td>
			<td>qPCR primers</td>
			<td>ATGGAGGGGAATACAGCCC / TTCTTTGCAGCTCCTTCGTT (forward primer/reverse primer)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bioanalyzer</td>
			<td>Agilent</td>
			<td>2100 Bioanalyzer Instrument</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cOmplete Mini EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>11836170001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cycloheximide</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>239764-100MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyp11a1</td>
			<td>eurofins</td>
			<td>qPCR primers</td>
			<td>CTGCCTCCAGACTTCTTTCG / TTCTTGAAGGGCAGCTTGTT (forward primer/reverse primer)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dNTP</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R0191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DTT, Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P2325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DynaMag-2 magnet</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12321D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon tubes 15 mL</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>89039-666</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GFP antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass grinder set</td>
			<td>DWK Life Sciences</td>
			<td>357542</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>heparin</td>
			<td>BEANTOWN CHEMICAL</td>
			<td>139975-250MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hsd3b</td>
			<td>eurofins</td>
			<td>qPCR primers</td>
			<td>GACAGGAGCAGGAGGGTTTGTG / CACTGGGCATCCAGAATGTCTC (forward primer/reverse primer)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Biosciences</td>
			<td>R005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Biosciences</td>
			<td>R004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge tubes 2 mL</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>02-707-354</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse Clariom S Assay microarrays</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Microarray service</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP-40</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>492018-50 Ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oligo (dT)20</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>18418020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PicoPure RNA Isolation Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>KIT0204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protein G Dynabead</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10003D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNase-free water</td>
			<td>growcells</td>
			<td>NUPW-0500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNaseOUT Recombinant Ribonuclease Inhibitor</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10777019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sox9</td>
			<td>eurofins</td>
			<td>qPCR primers</td>
			<td>TGAAGAACGGACAAGCGGAG / CTGAGATTGCCCAGAGTGCT (forward primer/reverse primer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superscript IV reverse transcriptase</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>18090050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR Green PCR Master Mix</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4309155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sycp3</td>
			<td>eurofins</td>
			<td>qPCR primers</td>
			<td>GAATGTGTTGCAGCAGTGGGA /GAACTGCTCGTGTATCTGTTTGA (forward primer/reverse primer)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>J62848</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolate cell-type-specific rnas from snap-frozen heterogeneous tissue samples without cell sorting

Cellular heterogeneity poses challenges to understanding the function of complex tissues at a transcriptome level. Using cell-type-specific RNAs avoids potential pitfalls caused by the heterogeneity of tissues and unleashes the powerful transcriptome analysis. The protocol described here demonstrates how to use the Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP) method to isolate ribosome-bound RNAs from a small amount of EGFP-expressing cells in a complex tissue without cell sorting. This protocol is suitable for isolating cell-type-specific RNAs using the recently available NuTRAP mouse model and could also be used to isolate RNAs from any EGFP-expressing cells.

Gli1-CreERT2 mouse (Jackson Lab Stock Number: 007913) were first crossed with the NuTRAP reporter mouse (Jackson Lab Stock Number: 029899) to generate double-mutant mice. Mice carrying both genetically engineered gene alleles (i.e., Gli1-CreERT2&#160;and NuTRAP) were injected with tamoxifen once a day, every other day, for three injections. Tissue samples were collected on the 7th day after the 1st day of the injection. Immunofluorescence analysis sho...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolate Cell-Type-Specific RNAs from Snap-Frozen Heterogeneous Tissue Samples without Cell Sorting at JoVE.com

Isolate Cell-Type-Specific RNAs from Snap-Frozen Heterogeneous Tissue Samples without Cell Sorting

This protocol aims to isolate cell-type-specific translating ribosomal mRNAs using the NuTRAP mouse model.

Cellular heterogeneity poses challenges to understanding the function of complex tissues at a transcriptome level. Using cell-type-specific RNAs avoids ...

This protocol aims to obtain high quality cell types specific RNAs from a small number of cells in a complex tissue without cell sorting. It employs a recently available mouse model that allows researchers to isolate a ribosome bound RNAs using GLP pull down. The method is also suitable for isolating ribosome bound RNAs from any EGFP expressing cells.To begin, add two milliliters of ice cold homogenization working buffer to a glass tissue grinder set. Quickly place the frozen sample into the grinder and homogenize the tissue with 30 strokes on ice using a loose pestle. transfer the homogenate to a two milliliter round bottom tube and centrifuge at 12, 000 g for 10 minutes at four degrees Celsius.Then transfer the supernatant to a new two milliliter tube without disturbing the pellet, reserving 100 microliters as the input. Incubate the supernatant with the anti-GFP antibody at four degrees Celsius on an end over end rotator overnight. Transfer the homogenate and antibody mixture to a new two milliliter round bottom tube containing washed protein g beads and incubated four degrees Celsius on rotator at 24 RPM for two hours.Separate the magnetic beads from the supernatant using a magnetic rack. Save the supernatant as the negative fraction which contains the RNAs in EGFP negative cells and the RNAs in EGFP positive cells that are not bound to ribosomes. Add one milliliter of high salt wash buffer to the beads and briefly vortex the tube to wash the beads.Then place the tube in a magnetic rack. Remove the wash buffer and repeat the washing steps two more times to obtain the beads ribosome RNA complex from EGFP positive cells. Incubate the beads with 50 microliters of extraction buffer from the RNA isolation kit in a ThermoMixer for 30 minutes to release RNAs from the beads.Separate the beads with a magnetic rack and transfer the supernatant to a 1.5 milliliter tube. Centrifuge the tube at 3000 g for two minutes. Then pipette the supernatant to a new 1.5 milliliter tube.To pre-condition the RNA purification column, pipette 250 microliters of conditioning buffer onto the purification column and incubate for five minutes at room temperature. Then centrifuge the column at 16, 000 g for one minute. Pipette an equal volume of 70%ethanol into the cell extract and mix well by pipetting.Pipette up to 200 microliters of the mixture into the preconditioned RNA purification column. To reduce the loss of samples do not fill the column more than 80%of its capacity. Repeat this step several times until all RNAs are collected in the same column of each fraction.Centrifuge the column for two minutes to bind RNA to the membrane in the column. Then continue centrifugation for 30 seconds. Discard the flow through and pipette 100 microliters of wash buffer one into the column.Centrifuge for one minute, then discard the flow through. Pipette 75 microliters of DNA solution mix directly into the purification column membrane. Incubate at room temperature for 15 minutes.Then, pipette 40 microliters of wash buffer one into the column and centrifuge for another 30 seconds. Discard the flow through. Pipette 100 microliters of wash buffer two into the column and centrifuge at 8, 000 g for one minute.Discard the flow through. Buy PET 100 microliters of wash buffer two into the column and centrifuge at 16, 000 g for two minutes. Discard the flow through, and re-centrifuge the same column at 16, 000 g for one minute to remove all traces of wash buffer.Transfer the column to a new 1.5 milliliter microcentrifuge tube. pipette 12 microliters of RNase free water directly onto the membrane of the purification column ensuring that the pipette tip does not touch the membrane. Incubate at room temperature for one minute and centrifuge at 1000 g for one minute.Then at 16, 000 G for one minute to elute the RNA. Use a bioanalyzer to assess the quality and quantity of the extracted RNA. Store the RNAs in a 80 degree freezer or send out for further analysis.Mice carrying both genetically engineered gene alleles, Gli1-CreERT2 and NuTRAP we're injected with tamoxifen once a day, every other day for three injections. Immunofluorescence analysis of collected tissues show that the EGFP was expressed in interstitial cells in the testes. EGFP was also found in adrenal capsular cells in Gli1-CreERT2, NuTRAP mice.In Sonic Hedgehog-CreERT2, NuTRAP mice The EGFP positive cell population resides in the outer cortex of the adrenal gland underneath the capsule, confirming the expression of EGFP pre-expressing cells. After the extraction of the cell type specific RNAs, the extracted RNA was sent for microarray analysis. The results showed that about 3000 genes were enriched in the positive fraction, compared to genes in the negative fraction, whereas about 4, 000 genes were enriched in the negative fraction.Among the differential expressed genes, Leydig cell associated genes Hsd11b1 and Hsd3b6 were enriched in the positive fraction. In the negative fraction, the Sertoli cell associated genes Desert Hedgehog and Gstm6 were enriched. Only a few differentially expressed genes were identified in comparing the negative fraction with the input.Realtime quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the expression of key genes in the positive and negative fractions. Similar to what was found in the microarray assay, steroidogenic enzymes 3-beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme were enriched in the positive fraction. Meanwhile, the Sertoli cell marker SRY box transcription factor nine and the germ cell marker synaptonemal complex protein three were enriched in the negative fraction.When attempting this protocol, it is important to prepare fresh homogenization working buffer Add DTT, cycloheximide recombinant ribonuclease, and proteinase inhibitor cocktail to the homogenization stock solution only before use. It is also important to prepare fresh low salt and the high salt wash buffers before use.

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Genotyping of Plant and Animal Samples without Prior DNA Purification

The Direct PCR approach facilitates PCR amplification directly from small amounts of unpurified samples, and is demonstrated here for several plant and ...

Optimized Staining and Proliferation Modeling Methods for Cell Division Monitoring using Cell Tracking Dyes

Fluorescent cell tracking dyes, in combination with flow and image cytometry, are powerful tools with which to study the interactions and fates of ...

Isolation of Small Noncoding RNAs from Human Serum

The analysis of RNA and its expression is a common feature in many laboratories. Of significance is the emergence of small RNAs like microRNAs, which are ...

Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting Strategies to Isolate and Purify Synovial Fluid-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from a Rabbit Model

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the main cell source for cell-based therapy. MSCs from articular cavity synovial fluid could potentially be used for ...

TChIP-Seq: Cell-Type-Specific Epigenome Profiling

Epigenetic regulation plays central roles in gene expression. Since histone modification was discovered in the 1960s, its physiological and pathological ...

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Liver repopulation after injury is a crucial feature of mammals which prevents immediate organ failure and death after exposure of environmental toxins. A ...