Name: isolation and transplantation of different aged murine thymic grafts.
Uploaded: 2015-05-13T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 47 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts. at JoVE.com

This work was supported by funding received from the National Institutes of Health (1R01AI083269).

マウスの研究では、ノースカロライナ州チャペルヒル大学の施設内動物管理使用委員会（IACUC）によって承認された、すべての動物のケアは、IACUCガイドラインに従いました。 新生児と成人胸腺の作製<ol><li>ドナーマウスを安楽死する前に、すべての試薬や機器を準備します。 </li><li>オートクレーブ処理または他の適切な方法によって手術器具を滅菌します。すべての外科的処置は、無菌状態を維持し、汚染を避けるために、層流フードの下で実行されなければなりません。ドナーマウスからの胸腺の抽出のために必要なツールを組み立てます。 </li><li>滅菌1×PBS（pH7.4）で60ミリメートル皿を記入し、フードの内側に氷の上に置きます。これは、移植前にドナーマウスから切除簡単ストア胸腺に使用されます。 </li><li>倫理指針に従って、頸椎脱臼に続くCO 2窒息により断頭し、成人ドナーマウスによって新生児ドナーマウスを安楽死させます。 </li><li> Rについて胸腺のemoval：滅菌吸収性ペーパータオルの上に背臥位でマウスを置き、前切開し、70％エタノールでスプレー。 </li><li>皮膚を通して正中切開を行うことで、腹部や胸腔を公開します。胸腔を明らかにするために胸と前肢上の皮膚を折ります。 </li><li>優れた縦隔を公開し、胸腔を前方する振動板と胸郭を介して2つの横方向の切開を行います。胸腺は、二つの白いローブすぐ上に、心臓に隣接するとして表示される必要があります。 </li><li>カプセルを破壊するために、特定のではないながら、微細な鉗子で胸腺を周囲の結合組織を離れていじめます。鉗子で胸郭をバック保持しながら、臓器の下に湾曲した鉗子を配置し、垂直方向に引っ張ることにより、胸腺の2つのローブを抽出するために鉗子の第二の対を使用しています。これは、新生児マウスから胸腺を抽出するための解剖スコープを使用して行うことができます。 </li><li> 60ミリメートルジに胸腺を配置SH結合地峡を介して切断することにより、氷と別々の胸腺葉の滅菌1×PBS（pHは7.4）を含有します。カプセルに損傷を与えない特定すること胸腺葉から任意の破片を除去し、移植のためのセクションの適切な数に胸腺をカット。 </li><li>新生マウスから得た胸腺を操作しないでください。 注：2レシピエントマウス（受信者ごとに1葉）の最大のために使用されます。 </li><li> 4-6レシピエントマウスの最大に成体マウスから得た胸腺を移植。ピンセットを用いて、 図1に示すように、慎重に、大人一人胸腺葉を持ち、手術用はさみを使用して、3つの等しい部分に胸腺をカット。 </li><li>繰り返しは、各ドナーマウスのための1.3〜1.4を繰り返します。胸腺が露出する時間を制限するために、一度に1ドナー胸腺を準備します。 </li></ol> 2.胸腺移植腎臓被膜下<ol><li> 表1に記載されている予め滅菌装置を組み立てます。適切な無菌技術は汚染されたツールや試薬に移植レシピエントを露出しないようにする手順の過程で利用されるべきです。 </li><li>移植前に、各レシピエントマウスの重量を量るとタグ。 </li><li>層流フード中で解剖顕微鏡および麻酔回路を設定します。 </li><li>電気かみそりを使用して、レシピエントマウスの左側を剃ると、髪の毛が切開を作るために使用される領域の周囲に残っていないことを確認します。 </li><li>イソフルラン気化器の電源を入れ、1〜2％の間の用量を用いてマウスを麻酔。前つま先のピンチ次反射の不在を確認することにより、外科的処置を開始する適切な麻酔を確かめます。 </li><li>マウスが適切に麻酔した後、乾燥を防ぐため、次のように移植のためにマウスを準備するために、マウスの目に獣医の軟膏を適用します。 </li><li>剃毛側が上を向いているように右側臥位で解剖顕微鏡下でマウスを置きます。 Starti手術領域の中心にngの、ポビドンヨード（ベタジン）続い使い捨てトランスファーピペット70％エタノールを使用して円を描くように分配します。前切開部を作ることに、エタノール/ベータダイン処理を3回繰り返します。 </li><li>解剖ハサミを使用すると、直接腎臓上記1〜2センチメートルフランク切開を行います。 </li><li>腎臓に隣接する結合組織をつかみ、それが筋肉組織の上に位置するように静かに腎臓を持ち上げるメディア鉗子を使用して。筋肉組織の上に露出し、代わりに腎臓を維持するために、腎臓、腸骨を破壊しないように注意しながら、腎臓下の媒体鉗子の一方のアームを挿入します。 </li><li>腎臓および腎臓被膜の操作が完了するまで、組織の乾燥を防ぐために、各ステップの間、滅菌1×PBS（pH7.4）で腎臓を洗浄。 </li><li>細かい鉗子を使用すると、腎臓からそれを分離するための副腎への最も遠位の腎臓のエッジ付近カプセルをつまんで持ち上げます。 </li><li> 18ゲージを使用してください針は、ドナー胸腺（ 図2A）の準備片を挿入するのに十分な大きさの切開を作ります。時間をかけて移植片の転位を防止するために、可能な限り小さく莢切開を保つために確かめて下さい。 </li><li>カプセルを維持することは離れて腎臓から引っ張っているが、カプセルの下に移植片を挿入し、可能な限り莢切開（ 図2B）から前方まで胸腺をプッシュする微細な鉗子の第二の対を使用しています。 </li><li>腎臓の下から鉗子を外し、静かに切開して元の位置に戻し、腎臓を返します。 </li><li>腹膜壁を縫合し、一度閉じたベータダインを適用することにより、筋肉組織を閉じます。縫合が完了した後、真皮を閉じ、周辺地域にベタジンを適用するために、創傷クリップを適用します。 </li><li>加熱ランプを使用して温めてきたケージにマウスを返します。 </li><li>それは完全な意識とモビリティを取り戻すまで、各術後マウスを監視し、マウスのTHAを置かないでくださいtは他の動物とのケージに次の麻酔を回復していません。 </li><li>必要に応じて術後疼痛管理薬をマウスに扱います。このように1.6mg / mlの濃度で飲料水中のアセトアミノフェンのような術後の鎮痛薬をマウスに与えます。 </li><li>繰り返しは、各レシピエントマウスのための2.3~2.9を繰り返します。 </li><li>マウスは、1時間後に手術内の通常の活動に戻ることを確認してください。移植手順の結果として生じる合併症を決定するために、術後の体重、運動能力、ならびに各マウスの飲料水や給餌活動を監視します。 注：術後の体重減少、術前の体重に比べ、ならびに移動度の変化や飲食に失敗すると合併症を示すことができます。 </li><li>尾ニック経由でマウスを出血、末梢血中のT細胞再構成を監視し、製造業者の仕様に従ってLympholyte細胞分離媒体を使用してリンパ球を分離しました。 T細胞characterizaを達成T細胞マーカーCD3、CD4、およびCD8に特異的な蛍光標識抗体、ならびにそのような蛍光活性化スクシンイミジルエステル8として生き死識別器でリンパ球を染色することによってます。 図3に示すように、分析はシングレット、生細胞およびCD3陽性細胞にゲートを介して達成することができます。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Kappler, J. W., Roehm, N., Marrack, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell+tolerance+by+clonal+elimination+in+the+thymus.">T cell tolerance by clonal elimination in the thymus.</a> Cell. 49 (2), 273-280 (1987).</li><li>Takahama, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Journey+through+the+thymus:+stromal+guides+for+T-cell+development+and+selection.">Journey through the thymus: stromal guides for T-cell development and selection.</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6, 127-135 (2006).</li><li>Klein, L., Kyewski, B., Allen, P. M., Hogquist, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+and+negative+selection+of+the+T+cell+repertoire:+what+thymocytes+see+(and+don&#8217;t+see).">Positive and negative selection of the T cell repertoire: what thymocytes see (and don&#8217;t see).</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14 (6), 377-391 (2014).</li><li>Schwartz, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acquisition+of+immunologic+self-tolerance.">Acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance.</a> Cell. 57 (7), 1073-1081 (1989).</li><li>Kishimoto, H., Sprent, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+defect+in+central+tolerance+in+NOD+mice.">A defect in central tolerance in NOD mice.</a> Nat. Immunol. 2 (11), 1025-1031 (2001).</li><li>Anderson, G., Jenkinson, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigating+central+tolerance+with+reaggregate+thymus+organ+cultures.">Investigating central tolerance with reaggregate thymus organ cultures.</a> Methods. Mol. Biol. 380, 185-196 (2007).</li><li>He, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymic+development+of+autoreactive+T+cells+in+NOD+mice+is+regulated+in+an+age-dependent+manner.">Thymic development of autoreactive T cells in NOD mice is regulated in an age-dependent manner.</a> J. Immunol. 191 (12), 5858-5866 (2013).</li><li>Stewart, C. C., Stewart, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+6.+Immunophenotyping.">Chapter 6. Immunophenotyping.</a> Current Protocols in Cytometry. , (2001).</li><li>Rice, H. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymic+transplantation+for+complete+DiGeorge+syndrome:+medical+and+surgical+considerations.">Thymic transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: medical and surgical considerations.</a> J. Pediatr. Surg. 39 (11), 1607-1615 (2004).</li><li>Markert, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+thymus+tissue+in+complete+DiGeorge+Syndrome.">Transplantation of thymus tissue in complete DiGeorge Syndrome.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 1180-1189 (1999).</li><li>Market, M. L., Devlin, B. H., McCarthy, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymus+transplantation.">Thymus transplantation.</a> Clin. Immunol. 135 (2), 236-246 (2010).</li><li>Wells, A. D., Li, X., Strom, T. B., Turka, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+peripheral+T-cell+depletion+in+transplantation+tolerance.">The role of peripheral T-cell depletion in transplantation tolerance.</a> Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 356 (1409), 617-623 (2001).</li><li>Albuquerque, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+FOXN1-Deficiency+is+associated+with+ab+double-negative+and+FoxP3++T-cell+expansions+that+are+distinctly+modulated+upon+thymic+transplantation.">Human FOXN1-Deficiency is associated with ab double-negative and FoxP3+ T-cell expansions that are distinctly modulated upon thymic transplantation.</a> PLoS One. 7 (5), e37042 (2012).</li><li>Chinn, I. K., Milner, J. D., Scheinberg, P., Douek, D. C., Markert, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymus+transplantation+restores+the+repertoires+of+forkhead+box+protein+3+(FoxP3)++and+FoxP3-+T+cells+in+complete+DiGeorge+anomaly.">Thymus transplantation restores the repertoires of forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ and FoxP3- T cells in complete DiGeorge anomaly.</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 173 (1), 140-149 (2013).</li><li>Savino, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+thymus+is+a+common+target+organ+in+infectious+diseases.">The thymus is a common target organ in infectious diseases.</a> PLoS Pathog. 2 (6), e62 (2006).</li></ol>

The authors do not have any competing financial interests to disclose.

Events regulating thymic selection are poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated ontogenic changes in the efficiency of selection. Coupling this approach with different transgenic thymus donor and recipient mice will further facilitate studies to identify the events and parameters that regulate thymic selection. Notably, thymic transplantation is used for the treatment and management of T cell and thymic disorders seen for instance in athymic infants lacking functional T cells and in patients with DiGeorge synd...

胸腺は、T細胞の発達における重要なイベントが1を発生する器官です。レジデント胸腺細胞は、T細胞受容体（TCR）αおよびβ遺伝子の再編成時に、胸腺2の皮質と髄質の地域でlymphostromalと抗原提示細胞（APC）との相互作用のシリーズを受けます。胸腺正の選択は、宿主の主要組織適合遺伝子複合体（MHC）クラスIおよびII分子2-3との関連で抗原性ペプチドを認識する胸腺細胞を産生するために、皮質胸腺上皮細胞（TEC）によって媒介されます。その後の胸腺のネガティブセレクションは、髄TECまたは樹状細胞（DC）、MHCクラスI及びII分子によって結合された3自己タンパク質に由来する本発明のペプチドとの相互作用によって駆動される自己反応性胸腺細胞のパージを伴います。これらのプロセスの最終結果は、広いスペクトルに対応することができ、成熟CD4 +およびCD8 + T細胞のプールの確立であります外来抗原の自己タンパク質4に最小限の反応性を示しながら。 胸腺選択イベントの効率は胸腺成熟、髄質および皮質TEC、胸腺のDCのサブセット組成の頻度、および胸腺前駆体3の源を含む因子の宿主によって影響されます。特に、異常な胸腺選択は、それぞれ、自己免疫5または損なわ正または負の選択から生じる免疫不全の病態をもたらすことができます。胸腺選択を調節する分子のイベントは、しかし、よく理解されていない。 インビトロでは 、このような再凝集胸腺器官培養（RTOC）6のように近づき、胸腺選択に関連する基本的な事象を分析するために有用であるが、完全には進行中のダイナミクスを再現することができないことが証明されています生体内のイベントで 。その結果、この胸腺移植ベースのアプローチは、インビボ 7 でより良い研究の胸腺細胞選択イベントに設立されました</s&gt;アップ。 このプロトコルは、免疫不全SCIDレシピエントマウスに新生児と成人ドナーマウスから胸腺を移植について説明します。この技術は、正および負の選択胸腺、ならびに個体発生中の様々なT細胞サブセットの胸腺の出力を調節する機構の研究を可能にします。最近、このアプローチは、胸腺選択の効率は、初期の自己反応性T細胞の増加した開発、および外来抗原7に特異的な減少T細胞レパートリーをもたらすマウスにおいて生後限定されることを実証するために使用されています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Ethanol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Decon Laboratories</td><td>2705HC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>14190-144</td><td>pH 7.4</td></tr><tr><td>Betadine Solution</td><td>Purdue Products</td><td>67618-150-17</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 gauge needle</td><td>BD</td><td>305195</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sutures (1.0 metric)</td><td>Ethicon</td><td>J493G</td><td>18&quot; (45cm)</td></tr><tr><td>AUTOCLIP Wound Clips (9mm)</td><td>Clay Adams&amp;reg; Brand</td><td>427631</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transfer pipette</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>13-711-20</td><td>Sterile, disposable</td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-CD3 Ab</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>11-0031-85</td><td>Clone: 1452C11</td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-CD4 Ab</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>48-0042-82</td><td>Clone: RM4-5</td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-CD8 Ab</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>25-0081-82</td><td>Clone: 53-6.7</td></tr><tr><td>Lancet</td><td>Medipoint</td><td>Goldenrod 4mm</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pacific Orange Succinimidyl Ester, Triethylammonium Salt</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>P30253</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96-well round botton polypropylene plates</td><td>Corning</td><td>3365</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.2 ml polypropylene cluster tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>4401</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 ml polypropylene round-bottom tubes</td><td>BD</td><td>352002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40uM Nylon Cell Strainer</td><td>Falcon</td><td>352340</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16% Paraformaldehyde Solution, EM Grade</td><td>Electron Microscopy Services</td><td>15710</td><td>Hazardous</td></tr><tr><td>Puralube Optical Ointment</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC0138063</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lympholyte</td><td>Cedarlane</td><td>CL5030</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>60 mm cell culture dish</td><td>Corning</td><td>430196</td><td>60 mm x 15 mm, Sterile</td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation and transplantation of different aged murine thymic grafts.

胸腺選択の有効性を制御する機構は不明確なままです。ここで紹介する方法は、自己と外来抗原に特異的なT細胞の開発および選択の分析、in vivoで可能にします。アプローチは、免疫不全SCIDレシピエントに様々な高齢のマウス由来の胸腺移植片の移植を必要とします。比較的短い期間にわたって受信者は、完全に移植胸腺移植片由来T細胞で再構成されています。唯一の胸腺細胞の分離時に胸腺を播種すると、選択を受け、成熟T細胞へと発展します。このように、年齢依存性胸腺イベントの関数として移植T細胞の性質および特異性の変化を評価することができます。技術的専門知識が成功した胸腺移植のために必要とされていますが、この方法は、 生体内に起因する病態の広い範囲または異常な胸腺機能および/ ​​またはhomeostasの結果を研究するためのユニークな戦略を提供しますです。

この方法の成功は、最小限の外科手術による外傷ならびに腎臓被膜下に移植片の正確な位置決めに依存しています。胸腺移植片は、図1に示すように、その後の移植のために適切なサイズの胸腺のセクションを確実にするために切断されるべきである。 図1の模式に続いて、胸腺は、新生児または成体マウスから一貫して再現性のT細胞移植の結果と成功被膜下移植の?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts. at JoVE.com

Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.

This report provides a detailed description of transplanting murine thymi from different aged donor mice under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mouse recipients. The goal of this approach is to model T cell development and thymic selection events in vivo.

単離と異なる高齢マウス胸腺移植片の移植。

The mechanisms that regulate the efficacy of thymic selection remain ill-defined. The method presented here allows in vivo analyses of the development and ...

isolation-and-transplantation-of-different-aged-murine-thymic-grafts

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

13.7K ビュー.  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This report provides a detailed description of transplanting murine thymi from different aged donor mice under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mouse recipients. The goal of this approach is to model T cell development and thymic selection events in vivo. 

ビデオ: Isolation and Transplantation of Different Aged Murine Thymic Grafts.

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Characterizing thymic settling progenitors is important to understand the pre-thymic stages of T cell development, essential to devise strategies for T cell replacement in lymphopenic patients. We studied thymic settling progenitors from murine embryonic day 13 and 18 thymi by two complementary in vitro and in vivo techniques, both based on the &#8220;hanging drop&#8221; method. This method allowed colonizing irradiated fetal thymic lobes with E13 and/or E18 thymic progenitors distinguished by CD45 allotypic markers and thus following their progeny. Colonization with mixed populations allows analyzing cell autonomous differences in biologic properties of the progenitors while colonization with either population removes possible competitive selective pressures. The colonized thymic lobes can also be grafted in immunodeficient male recipient mice allowing the analysis of the mature T cell progeny in vivo, such as population dynamics of the peripheral immune system and colonization of different tissues and organs. Fetal thymic organ cultures revealed that E13 progenitors developed rapidly into all mature CD3+ cells and gave rise to the canonical &#947;&#948; T cell subset, known as dendritic epithelial T cells. In comparison, E18 progenitors have a delayed differentiation and were unable to generate dendritic epithelial T cells. The monitoring of peripheral blood of thymus-grafted CD3-/- mice further showed that E18 thymic settling progenitors generate, with time, larger numbers of mature T cells than their E13 counterparts, a feature that could not be appreciated in the short term fetal thymic organ cultures.

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

This article describes in vivo and in vitro methodology to characterize the thymic settling progenitors by the analysis of the kinetics of generation, phenotype and numbers of their T cell progeny.

胸腺の特性を用いてマウス胚における前駆細胞をセトリング<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;と<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;アッセイ

Characterizing thymic settling progenitors is important to understand the pre-thymic stages of T cell development, essential to devise strategies for T ...

発生生物学

Intravital Imaging of the Mouse Thymus using 2-Photon Microscopy

Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) provides image acquisition in deep areas inside tissues and organs. In combination with the development of new stereotactic tools and surgical procedures, TPM becomes a powerful technique to identify "niches" inside organs and to document cellular "behaviors" in live animals. While intravital imaging provides information that best resembles the real cellular behavior inside the organ, it is both more laborious and technically demanding in terms of required equipment/procedures than alternative ex vivo imaging acquisition. Thus, we describe a surgical procedure and novel "stereotactic" organ holder that allows us to follow the movements of Foxp3+ cells within the thymus.
Foxp3 is the master regulator for the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, these cells can be classified according to their origin: ie. thymus-differentiated Tregs are called "naturally-occurring Tregs" (nTregs), as opposed to peripherally-converted Tregs (pTregs). Although significant amount of research has been reported in the literature concerning the phenotype and physiology of these T cells, very little is known about their in vivo interactions with other cells. This deficiency may be due to the absence of techniques that would permit such observations. The protocol described in this paper provides a remedy for this situation.
Our protocol consists of using nude mice that lack an endogenous thymus since they have a punctual mutation in the DNA sequence that compromises the differentiation of some epithelial cells, including thymic epithelial cells. Nude mice were gamma-irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrows (BM) from Foxp3-KIgfp/gfp mice. After BM recovery (6 weeks), each animal received embryonic thymus transplantation inside the kidney capsule. After thymus acceptance (6 weeks), the animals were anesthetized; the kidney containing the transplanted thymus was exposed, fixed in our organ holder, and kept under physiological conditions for in vivo imaging by TPM. We have been using this approach to study the influence of drugs in the generation of regulatory T cells.

We have developed novel laboratory tools and protocols for intravital imaging acquisition of the thymus. Our technique should help in the identification of &#x201C;niches&#x201D; within the thymus where T cell development occurs.

2光子顕微鏡を用いてマウスの胸腺の生体内イメージング

Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) provides image acquisition in deep areas inside tissues and organs. In combination with the development of new stereotactic ...

免疫・感染学

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting barrier to the broad use of bone marrow transplant as a curative therapy for a variety of hematological deficiencies. GVHD is caused by mature alloreactive T cells present in the bone marrow graft that are infused into the recipient and cause damage to host organs. However, in mice, T cells must be added to the bone marrow inoculum to cause GVHD. Although extensive work has been done to characterize T cell responses post transplant, bioluminescent imaging technology is a non-invasive method to monitor T cell trafficking patterns in vivo. 
Following lethal irradiation, recipient mice are transplanted with bone marrow cells and splenocytes from donor mice. T cell subsets from L2G85.B6 (transgenic mice that constitutively express luciferase) are included in the transplant. By only transplanting certain T cell subsets, one is able to track specific T cell subsets in vivo, and based on their location, develop hypotheses regarding the role of specific T cell subsets in promoting GVHD at various time points. At predetermined intervals post transplant, recipient mice are imaged using a Xenogen IVIS CCD camera. Light intensity can be quantified using Living Image software to generate a pseudo-color image based on photon intensity (red = high intensity, violet = low intensity). 
Between 4-7 days post transplant, recipient mice begin to show clinical signs of GVHD. Cooke et al.1 developed a scoring system to quantitate disease progression based on the recipient mice fur texture, skin integrity, activity, weight loss, and posture. Mice are scored daily, and euthanized when they become moribund. Recipient mice generally become moribund 20-30 days post transplant. 
Murine models are valuable tools for studying the immunology of GVHD. Selectively transplanting particular T cell subsets allows for careful identification of the roles each subset plays. Non-invasively tracking T cell responses in vivo adds another layer of value to murine GVHD models.

Induction of Graft-versus-host Disease and In Vivo T Cell Monitoring Using an MHC-matched Murine Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation is a widely used technique to study immunological mechanisms governing graft-versus-host disease in humans. The ability to monitor T cell trafficking patterns in vivo allows for detailed analysis of the development and perpetuation of T cell responses during graft-versus-host disease.

移植片対宿主病の誘導および<emインビボで&gt;</emMHCマッチしたマウスモデルを使用する&gt; T細胞のモニタリング

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting barrier to the broad use of bone marrow transplant as a curative therapy for a variety of hematological ...

Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice

The study of T cell responses and their consequences during allo-antigen recognition requires a model that enables one to distinguish between donor and host T cells, to easily monitor the graft, and to adapt the system in order to answer different immunological questions. Medawar and colleagues established allogeneic tail-skin transplantation in mice in 1955. Since then, the skin transplantation model has been continuously modified and adapted to answer specific questions. The use of tail-skin renders this model easy to score for graft rejection, requires neither extensive preparation nor deep anesthesia, is applicable to animals of all genetic background, discourages ischemic necrosis, and permits chemical and biological intervention. 
In general, both CD4+ and CD8+ allogeneic T cells are responsible for the rejection of allografts since they recognize mismatched major histocompatibility antigens from different mouse strains. Several models have been described for activating allogeneic T cells in skin-transplanted mice. The identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules in different mouse strains including C57BL/6 mice was an important step toward understanding and studying T cell-mediated alloresponses. In the tail-skin transplantation model described here, a three-point mutation (I-Abm12) in the antigen-presenting groove of the MHC-class II (I-Ab) molecule is sufficient to induce strong allogeneic CD4+ T cell activation in C57BL/6 mice. Skin grafts from I-Abm12 mice on C57BL/6 mice are rejected within 12-15 days, while syngeneic grafts are accepted for up to 100 days. The absence of T cells (CD3-/- and Rag2-/- mice) allows skin graft acceptance up to 100 days, which can be overcome by transferring 2 x 104 wild type or transgenic T cells. Adoptively transferred T cells proliferate and produce IFN-&#947; in I-Abm12-transplanted Rag2-/- mice.

Tail-skin transplantation is a powerful model for studying T cell-dependent rejection and tolerance induction during allogeneic immune responses in mice. The advantages of this protocol are minor invasive surgery, and ease of monitoring with no need to sacrifice the recipient mouse.

マウスにおける同種のCD4 T細胞応答を研究する尾皮膚の移植

The study of T cell responses and their consequences during allo-antigen recognition requires a model that enables one to distinguish between donor and ...

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple stages of T cell development: T cell commitment, positive selection and negative selection. However, the function of TECs in the thymus remains incompletely understood. In the article, we provide a method to isolate TEC subsets from fresh mouse thymus using a combination of mechanical disruption and enzymatic digestion. The method allows thymic stromal cells and thymocytes to be efficiently released from cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix connections and to form a single-cell suspension. Using the isolated cells, multiparameter flow cytometry can be applied to identification and characterization of TECs and dendritic cells. Because TECs are a rare cell population in the thymus, we also describe an effective way to enrich and purify TECs by depleting thymocytes, the most abundant cell type in the thymus. Following the enrichment, cell sorting time can be decreased so that loss of cell viability can be minimized during purification of TECs. Purified cells are suitable for various downstream analyses like Real Time-PCR, Western blot and gene expression profiling. The protocol will promote research of TEC function and as well as the development of in vitro T cell reconstitution.

Here we describe an efficient method for isolation, identification, and purification of mouse thymic epithelial cells (TECs). The protocol can be utilized for studies of thymus function for normal T cell development, thymus dysfunction, and T cell reconstitution.

単離、同定、およびマウス胸腺上皮細胞の精製

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established in vivo model to study alloimmune response and graft rejection. Despite its limited application to humans, skin transplantation in mice has been widely employed for transplantation research. The procedure is easy to learn and perform, and it does not require delicate microsurgical techniques nor extensive training. Moreover, graft rejection in this model occurs in a very reproducible immunological reaction and is easily monitored by direct inspection and palpation. In addition, secondary skin transplantation with donor-matched or third-party skin grafts can be performed on more complex transplant models as an alternative and uncomplicated method to assess donor-specific tolerance. The complications are low and are in general limited to anesthesia overdose or respiratory distress after the procedure. Graft failure, on the other hand, occurs commonly as a result of poor preparation of the graft, incorrect positioning in the graft bed, or inappropriate placement of the bandage. In this article, we present a protocol for full-thickness skin transplantation in mice and describe the important steps necessary for a successful procedure.

Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established model to study rejection in an alloimmune setting. Here, we provide a tutorial of each step involved in performing a BALB/c--&#62;C57BL/6 full-thickness skin transplant.

マウス全層皮膚移植

Murine full-thickness skin transplantation is a well-established in vivo model to study alloimmune response and graft rejection. Despite its limited ...

A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.

To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.

マウスにおける異所のための新しい顕微モデル、エン圏胸壁、胸腺、および心臓移植

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression ...

医学

Renal Subcapsular Transplantation of 2'-Deoxyguanosine-Treated Murine Embryonic Thymus in Nude Mice

The thymus is an important central immune organ, which plays an essential role in the development and differentiation of T cells. Thymus transplantation is an important method for investigating thymic epithelial cell function and T cells maturation in vivo. Here we will describe the experimental methods used within our laboratory to transplant 2&#8217;-deoxyguanosine (to deplete donor&#8217;s lymphocytes) treated embryonic thymus into the renal capsule of an athymic nude mouse. This method is both simple and efficient and does not require special skills or devices. The results obtained via this simple method showed that transplanted thymus can effectively support the recipient&#8217;s T cells production. Additionally, several key points with regards to the protocol will be further elucidated.

We provide a simple and efficient method to transplant 2&#8217;-deoxyguanosine treated E18.5 thymus into the renal capsule of a nude mouse. This method should aide in the study of both thymic epithelial cells function and T cells maturation.

ヌードマウスにおける2'-デオキシグアノシン処理マウス胚性胸腺の腎サブカプセル移植

The thymus is an important central immune organ, which plays an essential role in the development and differentiation of T cells. Thymus transplantation ...

胸腺および骨髄からの間質細胞単離の最適化

Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs

Single-cell sequencing has enabled the mapping of heterogeneous cell populations in the stroma of hematopoietic organs. These methodologies provide a lens through which to study previously unresolved heterogeneity at steady state, as well as changes in cell type representation induced by extrinsic stresses or during aging. Here, we present step-wise protocols for the isolation of high-quality stromal cell populations from murine and human thymus, as well as murine bone and bone marrow. Cells isolated through these protocols are suitable for generating high-quality single-cell multiomics datasets. The impacts of sample digestion, hematopoietic lineage depletion, FACS analysis/sorting, and how these factors influence compatibility with single-cell sequencing are discussed here. With examples of FACS profiles indicating successful and inefficient dissociation and downstream stromal cell yields in post-sequencing analysis, recognizable pointers for users are provided. Considering the specific requirements of stromal cells is crucial for acquiring high-quality and reproducible results that can advance knowledge in the field.

著者スポットライト:シングルセルシーケンシングのための間質細胞単離を用いた造血研究の推進

Here we present protocols that enable isolation of stromal cells from murine bone, bone marrow, thymus and human thymic tissue compatible with single-cell multiomics.

造血器官からの間質細胞の単離

Single-cell sequencing has enabled the mapping of heterogeneous cell populations in the stroma of hematopoietic organs. These methodologies provide a lens ...

単離と異なる高齢マウス胸腺移植片の移植。

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

胸腺の特性を用いてマウス胚における前駆細胞をセトリング

2光子顕微鏡を用いてマウスの胸腺の生体内イメージング

移植片対宿主病の誘導および

マウスにおける同種のCD4 T細胞応答を研究する尾皮膚の移植

単離、同定、およびマウス胸腺上皮細胞の精製

マウス全層皮膚移植

マウスにおける異所のための新しい顕微モデル、エン圏胸壁、胸腺、および心臓移植

ヌードマウスにおける2'-デオキシグアノシン処理マウス胚性胸腺の腎サブカプセル移植

造血器官からの間質細胞の単離

造血器官からの間質細胞の単離