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In this protocol, we introduce a method for purifying the dendritic filopodia-rich fraction from the phagocytic cup-like protrusion structure on cultured hippocampal neurons by taking advantage of the specific and strong affinity between a dendritic filopodial adhesion molecule, TLCN, and an extracellular matrix molecule, vitronectin.
Dendritic filopodia are thin and long protrusions based on the actin filament, and they extend and retract as if searching for a target axon. When the dendritic filopodia establish contact with a target axon, they begin maturing into spines, leading to the formation of a synapse. Telencephalin (TLCN) is abundantly localized in dendritic filopodia and is gradually excluded from spines. Overexpression of TLCN in cultured hippocampal neurons induces dendritic filopodia formation. We showed that telencephalin strongly binds to an extracellular matrix molecule, vitronectin. Vitronectin-coated microbeads induced phagocytic cup formation on neuronal dendrites. In the phagocytic cup, TLCN, TLCN-binding proteins such as phosphorylated Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin (phospho-ERM), and F-actin are accumulated, which suggests that components of the phagocytic cup are similar to those of dendritic filopodia. Thus, we developed a method for purifying the phagocytic cup instead of dendritic filopodia. Magnetic polystyrene beads were coated with vitronectin, which is abundantly present in the culture medium of hippocampal neurons and which induces phagocytic cup formation on neuronal dendrites. After 24 h of incubation, the phagocytic cups were mildly solubilized with detergent and collected using a magnet separator. After washing the beads, the binding proteins were eluted and analyzed by silver staining and Western blotting. In the binding fraction, TLCN and actin were abundantly present. In addition, many proteins identified from the fraction were localized to the dendritic filopodia; thus, we named the binding fraction as the dendritic filopodia-rich fraction. This article describes details regarding the purification method for the dendritic filopodia-rich fraction.
Dendritic filopodia are thought to be precursors of spines. Actin filaments in the dendritic filopodia regulate their extension and retraction1,2,3. After contacting with an axon, selected dendritic filopodia begin their maturation into spines, and a synapse is formed4,5. Components of spines have been determined from comprehensive analysis of postsynaptic density fractions6,7, while components of dendritic filopodia remain largely unknown. It has been shown t....
All methods described here have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of RIKEN Wako.
1. Culture of Hippocampal Neurons
In cultured hippocampal neurons, TLCN was abundantly localized to the dendritic filopodia, shaft, and soma and colocalized with F-actin (Figure 1A, B). When polystyrene microbeads were added to cultured hippocampal neurons, the beads were automatically coated with vitronectin (VN) derived from fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture medium; they were mainly bound to dendrites, and they induced the formation of phagocytic cups (
We developed a purification method for the dendritic filopodia-rich fraction using affinity between the cell adhesion molecule TLCN and the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin. Compared to PSD fraction, it could be possible to identify the synaptic proteins acting on the immature synapse from the dendritic filopodia-rich fraction. Thus, the constituents of the dendritic filopodia-rich fraction are different from those of the PSD fraction by 74%. Different from PSD fraction, we used cultured hippocampal neurons to ac.......
We thank Shigeo Okabe and Hitomi Matsuno for the low-density culture of hippocampal neurons, Masayoshi Mishina for TLCN-deficient mice, Sachiko Mitsui and Momoko Shiozaki for technical assistance, and members of the Yoshihara laboratory for helpful discussions. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Nos. JP20700307, JP22700354, and JP24500392 and MEXT KAKENHI Grant Nos. JP23123525 to YF and JP20022046, JP18H04683, and JP18H05146 to YY.
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
1 M HEPES | Gibco | 15630-080 | |
1.7 ml Low Binding MCT | Sorenson BioScience | 39640T | |
200 mM L-Glutamine | Gibco | 2530149 | |
35-mm plastic cell culture dishes | Corning | 430165 | |
Anti-actin | Sigma-Aldrich | A-5060 | |
Anti-alpha-Actinin | Sigma-Aldrich | A-5044 | |
Anti-alpha-tubulin | Sigma-Aldrich | T-9026 | |
Anti-Ezrin | Sigma-Aldrich | clone3C12, SAB4200806 | |
Anti-Galphaq | Santacruz | sc-393 | |
Anti-MAP2 | Chemicon | clone AP20, MAB3418 | |
Anti-Moesin | Sigma-Aldrich | clone 38/87, M7060 | |
Anti-PLCbeta1 | Santacuz | sc-5291 | |
Anti-PSD95 | MA2 | ABR | |
Anti-Spectrin beta | Chemicon | MAB1622 | |
B27 | Gibco | 0080085SA | |
BCA protein assay kit | Thermo | 23227 | |
Bromophenol blue | Merck | 1.08122.0005 | |
calcium chrolide, hydrous | Wako | 038-19735 | |
Cell scraper | Falcon | 353085 | |
Cell strainer | Falcon | 352350 | |
Choline chloride | Sigma-Aldrich | C7527 | |
Complete EDTA free protease inhibitor cocktail | Roche | 11873580001 | |
Cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside | Sigma-Aldrich | C-6645 | |
DNase-I | Sigma-Aldrich | DN-25 | |
D-Pantothenic acid hemicalcium salt | Sigma-Aldrich | P5155 | |
DynaMag-2 Magnet | Thermo | 12321D | |
ECL Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent | GE | RPN2232 | |
e-PAGEL 5-20% SDS-PAGE gradient gel | ATTO | E-T520L | |
Folic acid | Sigma-Aldrich | F8758 | |
HBSS | Gibco | 14175095 | |
HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG | Jackson ImmunoResearch | 111-035-144 | |
i-Inositol | Sigma-Aldrich | I7508 | |
LAS-1000 mini | Fuji Film | LAS-1000 mini | For detection of luminescence from WB membrane |
Magnetic polystyrene microbeads | Sperotech | PM-20-10 | |
MEM amino acid solution | Gibco | 11130-051 | 30 mM L-Arginine hydrochloride, 5 mM L-Cystine, 10 mM L-Histidine hydrochloride-H2O, 20 mM L-Isoleucine, 20 mM L-Leucine, 19.8 mM L-Lysine hydrochloride, 5.1 mM L-Methionine, 10 mM L-Phenylalanine, 20 mM L-Threonine, 2.5 mM L-Tryptophan, 10 mM L-Tyrosine, and 20 mM L-Valine |
Mini-slab size electrophoresis system | ATTO | AE-6530 | |
Niacinamide | Sigma-Aldrich | N0636 | |
Penicilin / Streptomycin | Gibco | 15070063 | |
PhosSTOP phosphatase inhibitor cocktail | Roche | 4906845001 | |
Poly-L-lysine hydrobromide | Nacali | 28360-14 | |
Pyridoxal HCl | Sigma-Aldrich | P6155 | |
Riboflavin | Sigma-Aldrich | R9504 | |
Silver Stain 2 Kit wako | Wako | 291-5031 | |
Thiamine HCl | Sigma-Aldrich | T1270 | |
Trans-Blot SD Semi-Dry Transfer Cell | Bio-rad | 1703940JA | |
Ultra pure water | MilliQ | For production of ultra pure water |
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