Name: burn injury-induced pain and depression-like behavior in mice
Uploaded: 2021-09-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the Chungnam National University and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the government of Korea (NRF-2019R1A6A3A01093963 and NRF-2021R1F1A1062509).

All experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Chungnam National University in South Korea, and then conducted based on the ethical guidelines of the International Association for the Study of Pain18.
1. Induction of scalding burn injury on the hind paw
<ol>
	<li>House the male ICR mice weighing 20-25 g in a light and temperature-controlled room (12/12 h light-dark cycle, 22.5 &#176;C &#177;...

<ol>
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The scalding burn is a kind of thermal burn that is caused by heated liquids. It has been suggested that first- or second-degree burns occur in most cases, but long-term contact with heat sources can cause third-degree burns26. In the present study, burn injury was induced by exposing the right hind paw of mice into hot water at 65 &#176;C for 3 s4,26. Tissue damage was detected in the burn-injured paw, which shows common symptoms of burns...

Tissue damage, such as burn and trauma, is generally associated with the co-occurrence of acute pain. Burn injuries and trauma-related symptoms are an estimated 1,80,000 deaths every year are caused by burns-the vast majority occur in low- and middle-income countries from different types of burns1. According to a worldwide report, burns are common in children and account for about 40%-60% of hospitalized patients2,3. These specific injuries are even more serious as they can occur in everyday life, such as boiling or bathing water4,5. Although acute pain can be resolved spontaneously after recovery from tissue damage in most cases, it may be possible to become chronic due to abnormal changes in the nervous system6,7.
Recently, it has been suggested that acute pain can induce a depressed mood, and chronic pain can cause anxiety and depression8,9,10,11. The coexistence of pain and depression makes it more difficult to treat the patient. Depression also tends to increase pain sensitivity, which is likely to induce more intense depression and pain12. Complications of pain and depression are shown in animal models of peripheral inflammation13,14,15,16. The detailed mechanisms underlying pain-induced depression are not well known until now17. Thus, it is necessary to develop more effective treatments for burns to alleviate the side effects and symptoms.
Thus, the present study was designed to develop an animal model to study burn injury-induced acute pain and depression-like behavior in mice. For this, burn injury-related abnormal tactile sensitivity, altered gait pattern, and depression-like behavior were measured. In addition, this study attempts to validate the model using NSAIDs.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 mL syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>307809</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL tube</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>MCT-150-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL tube</td>
			<td>SPL</td>
			<td>50050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetaminophen BioXtra, &#8805;99.0%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7085-100G</td>
			<td>Positive control (The analgesic agent, acetaminophen (200 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once-daily for 7 days starting from the day of after burn injury (Only Burn + Acetaminophen group. (von-Frey test, gait analysis, and forced swimming test: Used for drug-dependent behavioral testing after burn injury), (Rota-rod test: It was used to investigate the motor and functional impairments of the drug in animals after burn injury).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alfaxan multidose (Alfaxalone)</td>
			<td>JUROX Pty.Limited</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>In this experiment, this material used for animal anesthesia, and was used as a positive control for experimentally treated drugs in the rota-rod test.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CatWalk automated gait analysis system</td>
			<td>Noldus</td>
			<td>CatWalk XT</td>
			<td>Gait analysis in freely walking rodents is used to study the changes in limb movement and positioning in models with sensory-motor dysfunction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OPTISHIELD (Cyclosporin ophthalmic ointment)</td>
			<td>Ashish Life Science</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>In this experiment, this material was used for an ointment to prevent corneal drying after induction of anesthesia.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plexiglass cylinder</td>
			<td>SCITECH KOREA</td>
			<td>custom made products</td>
			<td>Used in forced swimming test</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rota-rod system</td>
			<td>SCITECH KOREA</td>
			<td>Accelerating rota rod</td>
			<td>Used in the measurement of Normal Motor Function</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>von Frey filaments</td>
			<td>North Coast Medical</td>
			<td>NC12775</td>
			<td>Used in the measurement of Mechanical Allodynia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Waterbath</td>
			<td>CHANGSHIN SCIENCE</td>
			<td>C-WBE</td>
			<td>Used in the burn injury induction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

burn injury-induced pain and depression-like behavior in mice

Scalding water is the most common cause of burn injury in both elderly and young populations. It is one of the major clinical challenges because of the high mortality and sequelae in low- and middle-income countries. Burns frequently induce intense spontaneous pain and persistent allodynia as well as life-threatening problem. More importantly, excessive pain is often accompanied by depression, which may significantly decrease the quality of life. This article shows how to develop an animal model for the study of burn-induced pain and depression-like behavior. After anesthesia, burn injury was induced by dipping one hind paw of the mouse into hot water (65 &#176;C &plusmn; 0.5 &#176;C) for 3 s. The von Frey test and automated gait analysis were performed every 2 days after burn injury. In addition, depression-like behavior was examined using the forced swimming test, and the rota-rod test was performed to differentiate the abnormal motor function after burn injury. The main purpose of this study is to describe the development of an animal model for the study of burn injury-induced pain and depression-like behavior in mice.

In order to minimize animal suffering and reduce the number of animals used per the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) guidelines, this study was designed with the minimum number of animals for the collection of significant data established through preliminary experiment. In this study, behavioral experiments were independently conducted twice as follows. The gait analysis, mechanical allodynia, and depression-like behavior tests were conducted with Control (n = 5), Burn (n = 7; vehicle control; saline), a...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice at JoVE.com

Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

A transient scald injury (65 &#176;C &plusmn; 0.5 &#176;C, 3 s) of one hind paw decreases the threshold (g) to von Frey filament stimulation of the ipsilateral side and alters gait pattern. Besides, burn injury induces depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test.

Scalding water is the most common cause of burn injury in both elderly and young populations. It is one of the major clinical challenges because of the ...

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