Name: the transition to an anterior-based muscle sparing approach improves early postoperative function but is associated with a learning curve
Uploaded: 2022-09-07T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve at JoVE.com

The authors have no acknowledgments.

An institutional review board approved this retrospective study (IRB 00060819) of deidentified prospectively collected data.The protocol followed the guidelines approved by the human institutional review board of Adventist Health Lodi Memorial. A written informed consent was obtained from the patients before the procedure.
NOTE: As a representative patient, the clinical course of a 78-year-old male with left hip pain is described. His symptoms included a 2 year history of left groin pain aggra...

<ol>
	<li>Melman, W. P., Mollen, B. P., Kollen, B. J., Verheyen, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=First+experiences+with+the+direct+anterior+approach+in+lateral+decubitus+position:+Learning+curve+and+1+year+complication+rate.">First experiences with the direct anterior approach in lateral decubitus position: Learning curve and 1 year complication rate.</a> Hip International. 25 (3), 251-257 (2015).</li><li>Rottinger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+MIS+anterolateral+approach+for+THA.">The MIS anterolateral approach for THA.</a> Orthopade. 35 (7), 708-715 (2006).</li><li>Bertin, K. C., R&#246;ttinger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterolateral+mini-incision+hip+replacement+surgery:+A+modified+Watson-Jones+approach.">Anterolateral mini-incision hip replacement surgery: A modified Watson-Jones approach.</a> Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 429, 248-255 (2004).</li><li>Civinini, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anterior-based+muscle-sparing+approach+to+the+hip:+The+&amp;#34;other&amp;#34;+anterior+approach+to+the+hip.">The anterior-based muscle-sparing approach to the hip: The &amp;#34;other&amp;#34; anterior approach to the hip.</a> International Orthopaedics. 43 (1), 47-53 (2019).</li><li>De Geest, T., Fennema, P., Lenaerts, G., De Loore, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adverse+effects+associated+with+the+direct+anterior+approach+for+total+hip+arthroplasty:+A+Bayesian+meta-analysis.">Adverse effects associated with the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty: A Bayesian meta-analysis.</a> Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. 135 (8), 1183-1192 (2015).</li><li>Christensen, C. P., Karthikeyan, T., Jacobs, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Greater+prevalence+of+wound+complications+requiring+reoperation+with+direct+anterior+approach+total+hip+arthroplasty.">Greater prevalence of wound complications requiring reoperation with direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty.</a> The Journal of Arthroplasty. 29 (9), 1839-1841 (2014).</li><li>Leiberman, J. R., Berry, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Advanced Reconstruction: Hip 2. , (2018).</li><li>Delanois, R. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Rottinger+approach+for+total+hip+arthroplasty:+Technique,+comparison+to+the+direct+lateral+approach+and+review+of+literature.">The Rottinger approach for total hip arthroplasty: Technique, comparison to the direct lateral approach and review of literature.</a> Annals of Translational Medicine. 5, 31 (2017).</li><li>Martin, R., Clayson, P. E., Troussel, S., Fraser, B. P., Docquier, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterolateral+minimally+invasive+total+hip+arthroplasty:+A+prospective+randomized+controlled+study+with+a+follow-up+of+1+year.">Anterolateral minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty: A prospective randomized controlled study with a follow-up of 1 year.</a> The Journal of Arthroplasty. 26 (8), 1362-1372 (2011).</li><li>Laffosse, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Learning+curve+for+a+modified+Watson-Jones+minimally+invasive+approach+in+primary+total+hip+replacement:+Analysis+of+complications+and+early+results+versus+the+standard-incision+posterior+approach.">Learning curve for a modified Watson-Jones minimally invasive approach in primary total hip replacement: Analysis of complications and early results versus the standard-incision posterior approach.</a> Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. 72 (6), 693 (2006).</li><li>Chen, D., Berger, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outpatient+minimally+invasive+total+hip+arthroplasty+via+a+modified+Watson-Jones+approach:+Technique+and+results.">Outpatient minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty via a modified Watson-Jones approach: Technique and results.</a> Instructional Course Lectures. 62, 229-236 (2013).</li><li>Rottinger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+invasive+anterolateral+surgical+approach+for+total+hip+arthroplasty:+early+clinical+results.">Minimally invasive anterolateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty: early clinical results.</a> Hip International. 16, 42-47 (2006).</li><li>de Jong, L., Klem, T. M., Kuijper, T. M., Roukema, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+minimally+invasive+anterolateral+approach+versus+the+traditional+anterolateral+approach+(Watson-Jones)+for+hip+hemiarthroplasty+after+a+femoral+neck+fracture:+an+analysis+of+clinical+outcomes.">The minimally invasive anterolateral approach versus the traditional anterolateral approach (Watson-Jones) for hip hemiarthroplasty after a femoral neck fracture: an analysis of clinical outcomes.</a> International Orthopaedics. 42 (8), 1943-1948 (2018).</li><li>M&#252;ller, M., Tohtz, S., Dewey, M., Springer, I., Perka, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+of+reduced+muscle+trauma+through+a+minimally+invasive+anterolateral+approach+by+means+of+MRI.">Evidence of reduced muscle trauma through a minimally invasive anterolateral approach by means of MRI.</a> Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 468 (12), 3192-3200 (2010).</li><li>Kawarai, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+the+surgical+approach+influence+the+implant+alignment+in+total+hip+arthroplasty?+Comparative+study+between+the+direct+anterior+and+the+anterolateral+approaches+in+the+supine+position.">Does the surgical approach influence the implant alignment in total hip arthroplasty? Comparative study between the direct anterior and the anterolateral approaches in the supine position.</a> International Orthopaedics. 41 (12), 2487-2493 (2017).</li><li>Batailler, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+hip+arthroplasty+using+direct+anterior+approach+and+dual+mobility+cup:+safe+and+efficient+strategy+against+post-operative+dislocation.">Total hip arthroplasty using direct anterior approach and dual mobility cup: safe and efficient strategy against post-operative dislocation.</a> International Orthopaedics. 41 (3), 499-506 (2017).</li><li>D'Arrigo, C., Speranza, A., Monaco, E., Carcangiu, A., Ferretti, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Learning+curve+in+tissue+sparing+total+hip+replacement:+Comparison+between+different+approaches.">Learning curve in tissue sparing total hip replacement: Comparison between different approaches.</a> Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 10 (1), 47-54 (2009).</li><li>Rothwell, A. G., Hooper, G. J., Hobbs, A., Frampton, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+analysis+of+the+Oxford+hip+and+knee+scores+and+their+relationship+to+early+joint+revision+in+the+New+Zealand+Joint+Registry.">An analysis of the Oxford hip and knee scores and their relationship to early joint revision in the New Zealand Joint Registry.</a> The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 92 (3), 413-418 (2010).</li><li>Devane, P., Horne, G., Gehling, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxford+hip+scores+at+6+months+and+5+years+are+associated+with+total+hip+revision+within+the+subsequent+2+years.">Oxford hip scores at 6 months and 5 years are associated with total hip revision within the subsequent 2 years.</a> Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 471 (12), 3870-3874 (2013).</li><li>Alexander, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Augmented+reality+for+acetabular+component+placement+in+direct+anterior+total+hip+arthroplasty.">Augmented reality for acetabular component placement in direct anterior total hip arthroplasty.</a> The Journal of Arthroplasty. 35 (6), 1636-1641 (2020).</li></ol>

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has gained interest in all fields of surgery due to the faster recovery, lower blood loss, and improved perioperative pain control. THA has adopted MIS to increase hip stability and enhance post-operative mobilization. The ABMS approach utilizes the muscle interval between the tensor fasciae latae and the gluteus medius muscles but without incising or detaching the muscles and tendons. A surgeon considering transitioning to the ABMS approach would be well advised to attend a cadaver cours...

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), the surgical approach serves to visualize the acetabulum and proximal femur and to prepare the acetabulum and proximal femur for safe and stable implantation of the prosthetic components1. An ideal surgical approach in THA provides adequate exposure while minimizing the risk of damage to the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves and the risk of postoperative instability.
The anterior-based muscle-sparing (ABMS) approach in THA utilizes the muscle interval popularized by Sir Reginald Watson-Jones in 19302. The ABMS approach avails itself of the intermuscular plane between the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) and the gluteus medius (GM) to gain access to the hip joint. The abductor muscles are preserved and not detached during this approach. As the ABMS approach is anterior to the GM and to the greater trochanter (GT), it is similar and shares the advantages of the direct anterior approach (DAA)-being muscle sparing. Even though the ABMS approach can be performed with the patient in a supine position, many surgeons prefer the lateral decubitus position based on its original description3.
The ABMS, like the DAA, has multiple operative and early postoperative benefits. The exposure of the acetabulum is excellent, which facilitates optimal positioning of the acetabular component. Functional recovery is faster in the early postoperative period due to there being less muscle damage and, consequently, lower dislocation rates4.
The reported disadvantages of the DAA are damage to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN), the need for a special operating table, wound healing problems, and more limited exposure to the femur5,6. By avoiding these disadvantages, the ABMS has since its introduction in 2004&#160;routinely been utilized in European countries, and has recently attracted more attention in North America3. Motivated by 1) the concept of a muscle-sparing approach, which negates the necessity of post-operative precautions7, 2) the ability to perform the surgery in a lateral decubitus position, which allows stability evaluation maneuvers familiar to a surgeon performing THA through the posterior approach (PA), 3) avoiding intra-operative fluoroscopy8, 4) the increased anatomical distance to the LFCN in comparison to the DA, and 5) the further lateralized incision, which avoids wound-healing complications caused by overhanging soft-tissue, surgeons might decide to transition to the ABMS approach.
However, surgeons considering transitioning to the ABMS approach for THA are concerned about whether transitioning will ultimately improve patient outcomes and about the learning curve associated with the transition. Accordingly, the first cohort of 30 THAs, which were implanted by a single surgeon using the ABMS approach, was analyzed and compared to results gained from 30 THAs implanted by the same surgeon through the PA immediately before the transition. The present study tested 1) whether early patient-reported outcomes improved in the ABMS group in comparison to the PA group and 2) whether the surgical time and complication rate decreased with the number of THAs performed.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>30&#176; Offset Masterloc Broach handle L</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.10.10.461</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30&#176; Offset Masterloc Broach Handle R</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.10.10.460</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3D Printed Acetabular Component</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.38.058DH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ACE Wrap 6 in</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>140700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetabular Liner</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.32.4048HCT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AMIS 2.0 Genera Tray</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.15.10.0294</td>
			<td>Curved cup impactor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AMIS 2.0 General Tray</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.15.10.0293</td>
			<td>Screw driver for cup impactor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anterior Auxillery</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>ALAUX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biolox Ceramic Head</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.29.214</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloraprep 26 mL</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>301185</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drape Mayostand</td>
			<td>Cardianal</td>
			<td>7999</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethibond Size 5</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>103831</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femoral Neck Elevator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>3006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femoral neck elevator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>01.15.10.0037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ioban</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>15808</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketorolac 30 mg/mL</td>
			<td>SN</td>
			<td>MED00575</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masterloc Inst (MLOCINS)</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.39S.301US</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masterlock Femoral Stem</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.39.408</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mpact General (MPACT)</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.32S.300US</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mpact Liner Trial face changing/offset</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.325.305</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mpact Liner Trial face changing/offset</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.325.305</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mpact liner trial flat/hooded</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.32S.301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mpact liner trial flat/hooded</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.32S.301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mpact Reamers (MPACT)</td>
			<td>Medacta</td>
			<td>01.32S.101US</td>
			<td>Regular hemi reamers swapped out for Half-Moon Reamers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single Prong Acetabular Retractor, Extra Deep</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6570-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single Prong Acetabular Retractor, Standard</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6570</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single Prong Broad Acetabular Retractor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6320</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stapler Kine Proximate Plus 35 W</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>52686</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tranexamic acid 1 g</td>
			<td>SN</td>
			<td>MED01071</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Unger Narrow Hohmann</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>3002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicryl 1 CTX</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>143836</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicryl 2-0 CT2</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>9174</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the transition to an anterior-based muscle sparing approach improves early postoperative function but is associated with a learning curve

Surgeons considering transitioning to an anterior-based approach for THA are concerned about the learning curve and the reported marginal clinical benefit. Accordingly, the first cohort of THAs, which were implanted by a single surgeon using the anterior-based muscle-sparing approach (ABMS), was analyzed. The goal of the study was to test 1) whether patient-reported outcomes improved and 2) whether the complication rate decreased with the number of THAs performed. A retrospective cohort study on the first 30 primary THA cases (27 patients) of one surgeon (January 2021-April 2021) using the ABMS approach was conducted. These 30 THAs were compared to 30 primary THA cases (30 patients) done immediately prior to the transition by the same surgeon (September 2020-December 2020) using the posterior approach (PA). The Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS Junior), and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) obtained 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery were compared. In addition, three consecutive groups based on equal numbers of THAs were compared for the incidence of complications and surgery time. At 6 weeks after THA, the OHS was 6 points higher after the ABMS approach (p = 0.0408), and the OHS was comparable at 6 months. The HOOS Junior and FJS were similar at 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery.&#160;In the first 10 THAs using the ABMS approach, one patient had a greater trochanter fracture, and one patient had an intraoperative proximal femur fracture. No further immediate interoperative or postoperative complications occurred. Surgery time significantly reduced with the number of THAs performed. Transitioning from the PA to the ABMS approach is associated with a learning curve, which is limited to the first 20 cases. The effect of improved clinical outcomes is apparent within the early postoperative period. After 6 months, THA patients do well regardless of the approach.

At 6 weeks after THA, the mean OHS was 35 points after the ABMS approach and 29 after the PA (p = 0.0408). The HOOS and FJS did not differ significantly 6 weeks after THA between the ABMS approach and PA. At 6 months after THA, no differences in outcome scores were observed (Table 1).
In the first 10 THAs using the ABMS approach, one patient had a greater trochanter fracture treated with a tension band suture, and one patient had an intraoperative proximal femur fracture treat...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve at JoVE.com

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

The anterior-based muscle-sparing approach for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with a learning curve. However, the improved clinical outcome in the early post-operative phase makes the consideration to transition worthwhile.

Surgeons considering transitioning to an anterior-based approach for THA are concerned about the learning curve and the reported marginal clinical ...

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