Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Xiaoyao Pills in The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Mice

Summary

Postmenopausal osteoporosis has become a global public health problem. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic effects and related mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoyao pills on this condition.

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease of elderly and postmenopausal women, with no obvious symptoms during its early stages. In the latter stages of this condition, the patients are prone to fractures, and this can seriously affect their health and quality of life. The worldwide increase in life expectancy has made osteoporosis a global concern. The Xiaoyao pills were previously
used in the treatment of depression. In addition, the drug appeared to have estrogen-like activity, which affected the expression of ALP, an early osteoblast-specific marker, and COL-1, a major component of bone extracellular matrix. Xiaoyao pills were assessed for their effects on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOM) in mice. The target information of each herbal component of Xiaoyao pills was accessed through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Information from GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD, DrugBank, and other websites was used to construct the regulatory network of the herbal complex through Cytoscape and String network to assess the protein interactions. Mice were ovariectomized, and treated with high and low doses of Xiaoyao pills and these were compared to controls. Their symptoms were assessed by immunocytochemistry of bone tissues. The results suggested that Xiaoyao pills had the ability to alleviate the symptoms of PMOM in ovariectomized mice through the IL-17 signaling pathway. This drug has the potential to become a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Introduction

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis (OP) as a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue, leading to an increase in bone brittleness and, thus an increased risk of fracture¹. The clinical significance of osteoporosis is that it can lead to fractures, which are associated with high mortality, morbidity, and economic costs². Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is caused by a decrease in estrogen levels in women after menopause, which leads to an increase in osteoclast activity, resulting in bone loss and destruction of bone microstructure. ....

Protocol

The Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of the Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities approved the study protocol (approval number: 2022101502). Female C57BL/6 mice, aged 10-12 weeks, SPF class and body weights (22 ± 2) g, were housed in the SPF Class Animal Experiment Center of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities. The experimental animals were maintained at a temperature of 24-26 °C and a relative humidity of 55% to 60%.

1. Traditional Chinese medicine systems .......

Discussion

According to statistics, osteoporosis causes 1.5 million fractures each year in the United States, and the vast majority of these occur in postmenopausal women²⁷. With an increase in the aging population, it is predicted that the majority of the world's future hip fractures will occur in Asia and that by 2050, the total number of these worldwide will reach 8.2 million²⁸. The cost of preventing fractures is almost equal to that of treating them, and the use of medication.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
1ml Sampler	Guangxi Beilunhe Medical Industrial Group Co.	JYQ001	For anesthesia in mice
4%polyformaldehyde	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	P1110	For tissue fixation
6-0 absorbable suture (angled needle)	Shanghai Pudong Jinhuan Medical Supplies Co.	HZX-06	For postoperative suturing
Absorbent cotton ball	Winner	MIANQIU-500g	For sterilization and hemostasis
Adhesive slides	Jiangsu Shitai Experimental Equipment Co.	188105	For tissue sectioning
Amobarbital	Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co.	A-020-1ML	For anesthesia in mice
Bluing Solution	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	G1866	Blue coloration of the nuclei of cells after the action of hematoxylin differentiation solution
C57BL/6 mice	Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd.	(SCXK 2033-0063)	For use in animal experiments
Carbon steel surgical blades	Premier Medical Equipment Co.	SP239	For mouse surgery
CIKS/TRAF3IP2 Rabbit pAb	BIOSS ANTIBODIES	bs-6202R	Binds to Act1 in tissues
Cole's Hematoxylin Solution (For Conventional Stain)	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	G1140	For staining paraffin sections
Collagen Type I Polyclonal antibody	proteintech	14695-1-AP	Binds to COL-1 in tissues
DAB Substrate kit,20x	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	DA1010	For tissue color development
Disposable surgical sheet 50*60CM	Nanchang Xuhui Medical Equipment Co.	SP4529777	For mouse surgery
EDTA decalcification solution (pH 7.2)	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	E1171-500ml	For tissue decalcification
Enhanced Endogenous Peroxidase Bloching Buffer	Beyotime Biotechnology	P0100B	Sequestration of tissue or cellular endogenous peroxidases
Environmentally friendly dewaxing clear liquid	Servicebio	G1128-1L	For dewaxing paraffin sections
Ethyl Alcohol	CHRON CHEMICALS	64-17-5 (CAS)	For dehydration of paraffin sections
General Purpose Antibody Diluent	Epizyme Biotech	PS119L	For antibody dilution
Hematoxylin Differentiation Solution	Servicebio	G1039-500ML	For differentiation after hematoxylin staining and removal of excessively bound and non-specifically adsorbed dye from tissues
Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) Staining Kit	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	G1120-3*100ml	For tissue staining
High quality stainless steel surgical knife handle	Premier Medical Equipment Co.	SP0088	For mouse surgery
HRP-conjugated Affinipure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L)	proteintech	SA00001-2	Binds to primary antibody and amplifies signal
IL-17A Polyclonal antibody	proteintech	13082-1-AP	Binds to IL-17 in tissues
IL-6 Polyclonal antibody	proteintech	21865-1-AP	Binds to IL-6 in tissues
Immunohistochemistry pen	Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co.	ZLI-9305 (YA0310)	For drawing circles in immunohistochemistry
Medical surgical suture Non-absorbent (ball) 5-0 3.5m	Yangzhou Yuanlikang Medical Equipment Co.	FHX-5-2	For postoperative suturing
Medical Suture Needles Angle Needles 4*10 3/8	Chaohu Binxiong Medical Equipment Co.	FHZ612-4	For postoperative suturing
Neutral Balsam	Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.	G8590	As a slice sealer
PBS(1X)	Shenzhen Mohong Technology Co.,Ltd	B0015	Buffer for slide washing and partial solution dilution
Protein Free Rapid Blocking Buffer (1X)	Epizyme Biotech	PS108P	Avoiding non-specific binding of proteins
Rabbit Anti-Bone Alkaline Phosphatase antibody	BIOSS ANTIBODIES	bs-6292R	Binds to alkaline phosphatase in tissues
Saline	Affiliated Hospital Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities	LHN500	For animals by gavage
Shaving/Electric clippers	HANGZHOU HUAYUAN PET PRODUCTS CO., LTD.	DTJ-002	For shaving mice
Stainless Steel Medical Needle Holder 14cm Coarse Needle	Premier Medical Equipment Co.	SP784	For mouse surgery
Stainless Steel Ophthalmic Forceps 10.5cm Curved (No Hook)	Zhuoyouyue	YKNWW-10.5	For mouse surgery
Stainless Steel Ophthalmic Scissors/Surgical Scissors 10CM Straight Tip	Premier Medical Equipment Co.	ZYJD-10-ZJ	For mouse surgery
Stainless Steel Tip Gastric Needle 12 Gauge 55mm Elbow		GWJ-12-55W	For use in mice by gavage
Tris-EDTA Antigen Repair Fluid (50x)	proteintech	PR30002	For antigen repair of paraffin sections
Wooden dissecting board 25*16cm		JP16*24	For mouse surgery
Xiaoyao pills	Jiuzhitang Co.,Ltd.	YPG-041	For animal drug delivery
Others
R 4.3.1			Data processing
Cytoscape3.9.1	National Resource for Network Biology		Building a regulatory network for traditional Chinese medicine
ImageJ 1.54f	National Institutes of Health		Image processing for immunohistochemistry results
Adobe Photoshop 24.0.0	Adobe		For image combination
GraphpadPrism 9.5	GraphPad Software		Statistical analysis of data
cellsens Dimension	OLYMPUS		For slicing and photographing
OLYMPUS BX53	OLYMPUS		For HE staining and immunohistochemical section photography