Name: idg-sw3 cell culture in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix
Uploaded: 2023-11-13T14:10:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about IDG-SW3 Cell Culture in a Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix at JoVE.com

We thank Dr. Lynda F. Bonewald for gifting the IDG-SW3 cell line. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070902, 82100935, and 81700778) and the Shanghai &#34;Science and Technology Innovation&#34; Sailing Project (21YF1442000).

This protocol is suitable for culturing cells in four wells of 24-well plates. If preparing multiple samples or plates, the amounts of the reagents should be increased accordingly.
1. Preparation of the collagen I mixture
NOTE: Collagen I and basement membrane matrix gel quickly at room temperature. Therefore, collagen should be handled on ice (2 &#176;C to 8 &#176;C). All the tips and tubes used must be prechilled unless otherwise indicated. All the ...

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	<li>Bonewald, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+amazing+osteocyte.">The amazing osteocyte.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26 (2), 229-238 (2011).</li><li>Dallas, S. L., Prideaux, M., Bonewald, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+osteocyte:+An+endocrine+cell+...+and+more.">The osteocyte: An endocrine cell ... and more.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 34 (5), 658-690 (2013).</li><li>Bonewald, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+the+osteocyte+in+bone+and+nonbone+disease.">The role of the osteocyte in bone and nonbone disease.</a> Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 46 (1), 1-18 (2017).</li><li>Woo, S. M., Rosser, J., Dusevich, V., Kalajzic, I., Bonewald, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+line+IDG-SW3+replicates+osteoblast-to-late-osteocyte+differentiation+in+vitro+and+accelerates+bone+formation+in+vivo.">Cell line IDG-SW3 replicates osteoblast-to-late-osteocyte differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26 (11), 2634-2646 (2011).</li><li>Wang, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+osteocyte+dendrite+formation+by+Sp7+and+its+target+gene+osteocrin.">Control of osteocyte dendrite formation by Sp7 and its target gene osteocrin.</a> Nature Communications. 12 (1), 6271 (2021).</li><li>Chicatun, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoid-mimicking+dense+collagen/chitosan+hybrid+gels.">Osteoid-mimicking dense collagen/chitosan hybrid gels.</a> Biomacromolecules. 12 (8), 2946-2956 (2011).</li><li>Kawasaki, K., Buchanan, A. V., Weiss, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomineralization+in+humans:+making+the+hard+choices+in+life.">Biomineralization in humans: making the hard choices in life.</a> Annual Review of Genetics. 43, 119-142 (2009).</li><li>Bosman, F. T., Stamenkovic, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+structure+and+composition+of+the+extracellular+matrix.">Functional structure and composition of the extracellular matrix.</a> Journal of Pathology. 200 (4), 423-428 (2003).</li><li>Papadopoulos, N. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+fluorescence+assay+for+the+determination+of+lymphocyte-mediated+cytotoxicity+using+flow+cytometry.">An improved fluorescence assay for the determination of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity using flow cytometry.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 177 (1-2), 101-111 (1994).</li><li>Staines, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypomorphic+conditional+deletion+of+E11/Podoplanin+reveals+a+role+in+osteocyte+dendrite+elongation.">Hypomorphic conditional deletion of E11/Podoplanin reveals a role in osteocyte dendrite elongation.</a> Journal of Cellular Physiology. 232 (11), 3006-3019 (2017).</li><li>Feng, J. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+DMP1+causes+rickets+and+osteomalacia+and+identifies+a+role+for+osteocytes+in+mineral+metabolism.">Loss of DMP1 causes rickets and osteomalacia and identifies a role for osteocytes in mineral metabolism.</a> Nature Genetics. 38 (11), 1310-1315 (2006).</li><li>Winkler, D. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteocyte+control+of+bone+formation+via+sclerostin,+a+novel+BMP+antagonist.">Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel BMP antagonist.</a> EMBO Journal. 22 (23), 6267-6276 (2003).</li><li>Riminucci, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGF-23+in+fibrous+dysplasia+of+bone+and+its+relationship+to+renal+phosphate+wasting.">FGF-23 in fibrous dysplasia of bone and its relationship to renal phosphate wasting.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 112 (5), 683-692 (2003).</li><li>Dallas, S. L., Bonewald, L. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+the+transition+from+osteoblast+to+osteocyte.">Dynamics of the transition from osteoblast to osteocyte.</a> Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1192, 437-443 (2010).</li><li>Robin, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Involvement+of+3D+osteoblast+migration+and+bone+apatite+during+in+vitro+early+osteocytogenesis.">Involvement of 3D osteoblast migration and bone apatite during in vitro early osteocytogenesis.</a> Bone. 88, 146-156 (2016).</li><li>Chen, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+mineralization+capacity+of+IDG-SW3+cells+in+3D+collagen+hydrogel+for+bone+healing+in+estrogen-deficient+mice.">High mineralization capacity of IDG-SW3 cells in 3D collagen hydrogel for bone healing in estrogen-deficient mice.</a> Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 8, 864 (2020).</li></ol>

A critical point in this protocol is that steps 1 and step 2 must be performed on ice to prevent spontaneous coagulation. In this method, the final concentration of collagen I was 1.2 mg/mL. Thus, an optimal ddH2O volume should be calculated to match the different collagens from various manufacturers.
In vivo, osteocytogenesis involves a polar movement of osteoblasts from the surface to the interior of trabecular bone14. This protocol frees cells fro...

Osteocytes are terminally differentiated cells derived from osteoblasts1,2. Once the osteoblast is buried by the osteoid, it undergoes osteocytogenesis and expresses the Pdpn gene to form preosteocytes, the Dmp1gene to mineralize the osteoid, and the Sost and Fgf23 genes to function as a mature osteocyte in bone tissue3. Here, a 3D culturing system is introduced to identify dendrite extension and marker gene expression in the osteocytogenesis process.
IDG-SW3 cells are an immortalized primary cell line derived from transgenic mice and can expand or replicate osteoblast to late osteocyte differentiation when cultured in different media4. Compared with MLO-A5, MLO-Y4, and other cell lines, the expression profile of functional proteins, the ability to perform calcium salt deposition, and the responses to various hormones in IDG-SW3 cells are more likely to be the same as those of primary osteocytes in the bone tissue4.
Compared to 2D systems, 3D culturing systems are more capable of mimicking the in vivo cellular growth environment, including the nutrient gradient, low mechanical stiffness, and surrounding mechanical range (Table 1). Most of the previous methods for culturing osteoblastic cells in a 3D system used collagen I as the unique component in formulations4,5,6, because collagen I fibers serve as the site of calcium and phosphorus deposition. However, an indispensable constituent in the osteoid, the extracellular matrix, contains a large group of cellular factors that promote cellular growth, adhesion, and migration7,8 and is transparent and convenient for imaging observation. Thus, this protocol uses Matrigel (hereafter referred to as basement membrane matrix) as a secondary component for the osteocytogenesis study.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30042.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL tubes</td>
			<td>Corning, NY, USA</td>
			<td>430791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7.5% (w/v) Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA</td>
			<td>S8761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ascorbic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA</td>
			<td>A4544</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagen I</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A10483-01&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10099141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>homogenizer</td>
			<td>BiHeng&#160; Biotechnology, Shanghai, China</td>
			<td>SKSI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laser confocal fluorescence microscopy</td>
			<td>Carl&#160;Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany</td>
			<td>LSM 800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Live/Dead Cell Imaging kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R37601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel matrix</td>
			<td>Corning, NY, USA</td>
			<td>356234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM (10X), no glutamine</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21430079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA</td>
			<td>158127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30256.FS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Carl&#160;Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany</td>
			<td>Zeiss Axio ZOOM.V16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizol</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15596026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray fluorescence</td>
			<td>EDAX, USA</td>
			<td>EAGLE III</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#946;-glycerophosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA</td>
			<td>G9422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

idg-sw3 cell culture in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix

Osteocytes are considered to be nonproliferative cells that are terminally differentiated from osteoblasts. Osteoblasts embedded in the bone extracellular matrix (osteoid) express the Pdpn gene to form cellular dendrites and transform into preosteocytes. Later, preosteocytes express the Dmp1 gene to promote matrix mineralization and thereby transform into mature osteocytes.This process is called osteocytogenesis. IDG-SW3 is a well-known cell line for in vitro studies of osteocytogenesis. Many previous methods have used collagen I as the main or the only component of the culturing matrix. However, in addition to collagen I, the osteoid also contains a ground substance, which is an important component in promoting cellular growth, adhesion, and migration. In addition, the matrix substance is transparent, which increases the transparency of the collagen I-formed gel and, thus, aids the exploration of dendrite formation through imaging techniques. Thus, this paper details a protocol to establish a 3D gel using an extracellular matrix along with collagen I for IDG-SW3 survival. In this work, dendrite formation and gene expression were analyzed during osteocytogenesis. After 7 days of osteogenic culture, an extensive dendrite network was clearly observed under a fluorescence confocal microscope. Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of Pdpn and Dmp1 continually increased for 3 weeks. At week 4, the stereomicroscope revealed an opaque gel filled with mineral particles, consistent with the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) assay. These results indicate that this culture matrix successfully facilitates the transition from osteoblasts to mature osteocytes.

After live/dead cell staining, the cells were visualized using a confocal laser microscope. All the cells were calcein AM-positive (green color), and there were almost no EthD-1-positive cells (red color) in the field, indicating that the gel system made by this method is highly suitable for osteocytogenesis (Figure 1A, left). To better determine the spatial distribution of the cells, a pseudocolor image was chosen to display the cell dendrites at different depths of the gel; red shows the d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about IDG-SW3 Cell Culture in a Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix at JoVE.com

IDG-SW3 Cell Culture in a Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix

Here, we present a protocol for culturing IDG-SW3 cells in a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix.

Osteocytes are considered to be nonproliferative cells that are terminally differentiated from osteoblasts. Osteoblasts embedded in the bone extracellular ...

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