وأيد هذا العمل من قبل &#39;غرانت في المعونة للبحوث&#39; من كرون والتهاب القولون مؤسسة من كندا إلى LMS، الذي تدعمه الجمعية الكندية لأمراض الجهاز الهضمي / الجمعية الكندية لأبحاث الصحة / كرون والتهاب القولون مؤسسة جائزة كندا محقق جديد.

<ol>
	<li>Gordon, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alternative+activation+of+macrophages.">Alternative activation of macrophages.</a> Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3, 23-35 (2003).</li><li>Rescigno, M., Lopatin, U., Chieppa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interactions+among+dendritic+cells,+macrophages,+and+epithelial+cells+in+the+gut:+implications+for+immune+tolerance.">Interactions among dendritic cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells in the gut: implications for immune tolerance.</a> Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 669-675 (2008).</li><li>Heinsbroek, S. 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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SHIP-deficient,+alternatively+activated+macrophages+protect+mice+during+DSS-induced+colitis.">SHIP-deficient, alternatively activated macrophages protect mice during DSS-induced colitis.</a> J. Leukoc. Biol. 90, 483-492 (2011).</li><li>Qualls, J. E., Kaplan, A. M., van Rooijen, N., Cohen, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suppression+of+experimental+colitis+by+intestinal+mononuclear+phagocytes.">Suppression of experimental colitis by intestinal mononuclear phagocytes.</a> J. Leukoc. 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الإعلان عن أي تضارب في المصالح.

الضامة هي الخلايا البلعمية أن تلعب دورا هاما في الجهاز المناعي. فهي مسؤولة عن الشروع في استجابة جهاز المناعة الفطرية وتوجيه استجابة المناعة المكتسب. عادة، يتم تنشيط الضامة تفعيلها كلاسيكي بواسطة IFNγ أو LPS، وهي المسؤولة عن القضاء على مسببات الأمراض وتصاعد استجابة الت...

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> اسم كاشف </td><td> شركة </td><td> فهرس العدد </td></tr><tr><td> Clodronate المحتوية على الليبوزومات </td><td> <a href="http://Clodronateliposomes.org" target="_blank">Clodronateliposomes.org</a> </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> PBS المحتوية على الليبوزومات </td><td> <a href="http://Clodronateliposomes.org" target="_blank">Clodronateliposomes.org</a> </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> معقم PBS pH7.4 </td><td> إينفيتروجن </td><td> 14190 </td></tr><tr><td> IMDM </td><td> إينفيتروجن </td><td> 12440 </td></tr><tr><td> الجنين العجل المصل (FCS) </td><td> إينفيتروجن </td><td> 12483 </td></tr><tr><td> حمض الخليك </td><td> BDH Aristar </td><td> BDH3092-500MLP </td></tr><tr><td> Monothioglycerol (MTG) </td><td> سيغما </td><td> 96-275 </td></tr><tr><td> Recombinant الفئران MCSF </td><td> Stemcell تقنيات </td><td> 02951 </td></tr><tr><td> المؤتلف الفئران المعدلة وراثيا-CSF </td><td> Stemcell تقنيات </td><td> 02935 </td></tr><tr><td> المؤتلف الفئران IL-3 </td><td> Stemcell تقنيات </td><td> 02903 </td></tr><tr><td> المؤتلف الفئران IFNγ </td><td> Stemcell تقنيات </td><td> 02746 </td></tr><tr><td> المؤتلف IL-4 الفئران </td><td> Stemcell تقنيات </td><td> 02714 </td></tr><tr><td> خلية التفكك الواق </td><td> إينفيتروجن </td><td> 13150-016 </td></tr><tr><td> الفئران anti-F4/80 جسم </td><td> عبد Serotec </td><td> MCA497GA </td></tr><tr><td> الماوس المضادة للجسم ArgI </td><td> مختبرات دينار بحريني تنبيغ </td><td> 610708 </td></tr></tbody></table> الجدول رقم 1. الكواشف المحددة المستخدمة في هذا البروتوكول.

depletion and reconstitution of macrophages in mice

الضامة لاعبين حاسما في استجابة المناعة الفطرية إلى التحدي المعدية أو الإصابة، الشروع في استجابة جهاز المناعة الفطرية وتوجيه استجابة المناعة المكتسب. ويمكن أن يؤدي إلى خلل وظيفي بلعم عدم القدرة على القيام باستجابة مناسبة المناعة، وعلى هذا النحو، قد تورطت في عمليات أمراض كثيرة، من بينها امراض التهابات الامعاء. عرض الظواهر الضامة الاستقطاب التي تنقسم الى فئتين. الضامة تفعيلها كلاسيكي، تفعيلها من خلال التحفيز مع IFNγ أو LPS، تلعب دورا أساسيا في الاستجابة للتحدي البكتيرية في حين الضامة تفعيلها بدلا من ذلك، يمكنهم من IL-4 أو IL-13، والمشاركة في حطام مسح وإعادة عرض الأنسجة وقد تورطت في القرار مرحلة من التهاب. خلال استجابة التهابية في الجسم الحي، وجدت الضامة وسط خليط معقد من التسلل الى الخلايا المناعية وربما المشاركة من قبل مما أدى إلى تفاقم أو resolvinز التهاب. لتحديد دور الضامة في الموقع في نموذج حيواني كامل، من الضروري دراسة تأثير استنزاف الضامة من البيئة المعقدة. لطرح الأسئلة حول دور النمط الظاهري البلاعم في الموقع، ويمكن أن تستمد الضامة الاستقطاب تعريف ظاهريا المجراة سابقا، من aspirates نخاع العظم، وأضاف إلى الفئران، مع أو من دون استنفاد قبل الضامة. في بروتوكول المقدمة هنا clodronate المحتوية على الليبوزومات، مقابل الضوابط PBS حقن، واستخدمت في استنزاف الضامة القولون خلال كبريتات الصوديوم ديكستران (DSS) الناجم عن التهاب القولون في الفئران. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، وقد استمدت الضامة الاستقطاب المجراة سابقا وتحويلها إلى الفئران عن طريق الحقن في الوريد. والتحذير من هذا النهج هو أن الليبوزومات clodronate المحتوية على استنزاف جميع البالعات المهنية، بما في ذلك كل الخلايا الجذعية والضامة ذلك لضمان تأثير لوحظ من قبل نضوب هو بلعم محددة، وإعادة تشكيل سالنمط الظاهري و عن طريق التحويل بالتبني الضامة هو ضروري. ويمكن أيضا النظامية نضوب البلاعم في الفئران يمكن تحقيقه من قبل الفئران backcrossing على خلفية CD11b-DTR، وهي طريقة ممتازة متكاملة. ميزة clodronate المحتوية على نضوب الحويصلية بوساطة هو أنه لا يتطلب من الوقت والنفقات المشتركة في الفئران backcrossing ويمكن استخدامه في الفئران بغض النظر عن خلفية من الفئران (C57BL / 6، BALB / ج، أو خلفية مختلطة ).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice at JoVE.com

Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice

الضامة تلعب دورا محوريا في التوازن وعلم الأمراض في العديد من الأنسجة. بروتوكول المقدمة هنا يصف أساليب لاستنزاف الضامة<em&gt; في الجسم الحي</em&gt;، اشتقاق الضامة الاستقطاب من aspirates نخاع العظم، ونقل adoptively الضامة في الفئران. هذه التقنيات تسمح بتحديد الدور الذي لعب الضامة الاستقطاب في الصحة والمرض.

نضوب وإعادة إعماره الضامة في الفئران

Macrophages are critical players in the innate  immune response to infectious challenge or injury, initiating the innate immune  response and directing ...

depletion-and-reconstitution-of-macrophages-in-mice

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

39.4K Views.  University of British Columbia. الضامة تلعب دورا محوريا في التوازن وعلم الأمراض في العديد من الأنسجة. بروتوكول المقدمة هنا يصف أساليب لاستنزاف الضامة في الجسم الحي، اشتقاق الضامة الاستقطاب من aspirates نخاع العظم، ونقل adoptively الضامة في الفئران. هذه التقنيات تسمح بتحديد الدور الذي لعب الضا?...

Video: Depletion and Reconstitution of Macrophages in Mice

Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion

The purification of immune cell populations is often required in order to study their unique functions. In particular, molecular approaches such as real-time PCR and microarray analysis require the isolation of cell populations with high purity. Commonly used purification strategies include fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS), magnetic bead separation and complement depletion. Of the three strategies, complement depletion offers the advantages of being fast, inexpensive, gentle on the cells and a high cell yield. The complement system is composed of a large number of plasma proteins that when activated initiate a proteolytic cascade culminating in the formation of a membrane-attack complex that forms a pore on a cell surface resulting in cell death1. The classical pathway is activated by IgM and IgG antibodies and was first described as a mechanism for killing bacteria. With the generation of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), the complement cascade can be used to lyse any cell population in an antigen-specific manner. Depletion of cells by the complement cascade is achieved by the addition of complement fixing antigen-specific antibodies and rabbit complement to the starting cell population. The cells are incubated for one hour at 37&deg;C and the lysed cells are subsequently removed by two rounds of washing. MAb with a high efficiency for complement fixation typically deplete 95-100% of the targeted cell population. Depending on the purification strategy for the targeted cell population, complement depletion can be used for cell purification or for the enrichment of cell populations that then can be further purified by a subsequent method.

To effectively study the function of immune cell populations their purification is often required. Complement depletion is a fast and inexpensive technique for the isolation of immune cell populations with high purity.

نضوب بالسكان خلية معينة من قبل استنفاد تكملة

The purification of immune cell populations is often required in order to study their unique functions.  In particular, molecular approaches such as ...

Study of Phagolysosome Biogenesis in Live Macrophages

Phagocytic cells play a major role in the innate immune system by removing and eliminating invading microorganisms in their phagosomes. Phagosome maturation is the complex and tightly regulated process during which a nascent phagosome undergoes drastic transformation through well-orchestrated interactions with various cellular organelles and compartments in the cytoplasm. This process, which is essential for the physiological function of phagocytic cells by endowing phagosomes with their lytic and bactericidal properties, culminates in fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes and biogenesis of phagolysosomes which is considered to be the last and critical stage of maturation for phagosomes. In this report, we describe a live cell imaging based method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamic process of lysosome to phagosome content delivery, which is a hallmark of phagolysosome biogenesis. This approach uses IgG-coated microbeads as a model for phagocytosis and fluorophore-conjugated dextran molecules as a luminal lysosomal cargo probe, in order to follow the dynamic delivery of lysosmal content to the phagosomes in real time in live macrophages using time-lapse imaging and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here we describe in detail the background, the preparation steps and the step-by-step experimental setup to enable easy and precise deployment of this method in other labs. Our described method is simple, robust, and most importantly, can be easily adapted to study phagosomal interactions and maturation in different systems and under various experimental settings such as use of various phagocytic cells types, loss-of-function experiments, different probes, and phagocytic particles.

دراسة يحلول يبلوعي النشوء الأحيائي في الضامة لايف

Phagocytic cells play a major role in the innate immune system by removing and eliminating invading microorganisms in their phagosomes. Phagosome ...

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions

Shigella flexneri is an intracellular pathogen that can escape from phagosomes to reach the cytosol, and polymerize the host actin cytoskeleton to promote its motility and dissemination. New work has shown that proteins involved in actin-based motility are also linked to autophagy, an intracellular degradation process crucial for cell autonomous immunity. Strikingly, host cells may prevent actin-based motility of S. flexneri by compartmentalizing bacteria inside &#8216;septin cages&#8217; and targeting them to autophagy. These observations indicate that a more complete understanding of septins, a family of filamentous GTP-binding proteins, will provide new insights into the process of autophagy. This report describes protocols to monitor autophagy-cytoskeleton interactions caused by S. flexneri in vitro using tissue culture cells and in vivo using zebrafish larvae. These protocols enable investigation of intracellular mechanisms that control bacterial dissemination at the molecular, cellular, and whole organism level.

Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions

To counteract pathogen dissemination, host cells reorganize their cytoskeleton to compartmentalize bacteria and induce autophagy. Using Shigella infection of tissue culture cells, host and pathogen determinants underlying this process are identified and characterized. Using zebrafish models of Shigella infection, the role of discovered molecules and mechanisms are investigated in vivo.

استخدام<em&gt; الشيجلا الفلكسنرية</em&gt; لدراسة التفاعلات الالتهام الذاتي الهيكل الخلوي

Shigella flexneri is an intracellular pathogen that can escape from phagosomes to reach the cytosol, and polymerize the host actin cytoskeleton to promote ...

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Current treatment of T cell mediated autoimmune diseases relies mostly on strategies of global immunosuppression, which, in the long term, is accompanied by adverse side effects such as a reduced ability to control infections or malignancies. Therefore, new approaches need to be developed that target only the disease mediating cells and leave the remaining immune system intact. Over the past decade a variety of cell based immunotherapy strategies to modulate T cell mediated immune responses have been developed. Most of these approaches rely on tolerance-inducing antigen presenting cells (APC). However, in addition to being technically difficult and cumbersome, such cell-based approaches are highly sensitive to cytotoxic T cell responses, which limits their therapeutic capacity. Here we present a protocol for the generation of non-cellular killer artificial antigen presenting cells (KaAPC), which allows for the depletion of pathologic T cells while leaving the remaining immune system untouched and functional. KaAPC is an alternative solution to cellular immunotherapy which has potential for treating autoimmune diseases and allograft rejections by regulating undesirable T cell responses in an antigen specific fashion.

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells KaAPC for Efficient In Vitro Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

Guidelines are presented for the generation of killer artificial antigen presenting cells, KaAPC, an efficient tool for in vitro depletion of human antigen-specific T cells and an alternative solution to cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases in an antigen-specific fashion without compromising the remaining immune system.

القاتل مستضد تقديم الخلايا الاصطناعي (KaAPC) للكفاءة<em&gt; في المختبر</em&gt; استنفاد خلايا T الإنسان مستضد محددة

Current treatment of T cell mediated autoimmune diseases relies mostly on strategies of global immunosuppression, which, in the long term, is accompanied ...

Proteomic Profiling of Macrophages by 2D Electrophoresis

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The key role of macrophages has been shown in various pathological disorders such as inflammatory, immunological, and infectious diseases. In this protocol, we use primary cultures of human monocyte-derived macrophages that can be differentiated into the M1 (pro-inflammatory) or the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. This in vitro model is reliable for studying the biological activities of M1 and M2 macrophages and also for a proteomic approach. Proteomic techniques are useful for comparing the phenotype and behaviour of M1 and M2 macrophages during host pathogenicity. 2D gel electrophoresis is a powerful proteomic technique for mapping large numbers of proteins or polypeptides simultaneously. We describe the protocol of 2D electrophoresis using fluorescent dyes, named 2D Differential Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE). The M1 and M2 macrophages proteins are labelled with cyanine dyes before separation by isoelectric focusing, according to their isoelectric point in the first dimension, and their molecular mass, in the second dimension. Separated protein or polypeptidic spots are then used to detect differences in protein or polypeptide expression levels. The proteomic approaches described here allows the investigation of the macrophage protein changes associated with various disorders like host pathogenicity or microbial toxins.

Macrophages are the key cells involved in host pathogenicity. Macrophages display phenotypic and functional diversity that can be analysed and detected by proteomic analysis. This article describes how to perform 2D electrophoresis of primary cultures of human macrophages differentiated into M1 or M2 phenotype.

البروتين من التنميط الضامة التي كتبها 2D الكهربائي

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The ...

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. Infection occurs upon inhalation of spores, which are able to replicate in the deep lung. Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus by macrophages is one of the ways that the disease is able to spread into the central nervous system to cause lethal meningoencephalitis. Therefore, study of the association between Cryptococcus and macrophages is important to understanding the progression of the infection. The present study describes a step-by-step protocol to study macrophage infectivity by C. neoformansin vitro. Using this protocol, the role of host sterols on host-pathogen interactions is studied. Different concentrations of methyl--cyclodextrin (MCD) were used to deplete cholesterol from murine reticulum sarcoma macrophage-like cell line J774A.1. Cholesterol depletion was confirmed and quantified using both a commercially available cholesterol quantification kit and thin layer chromatography. Cholesterol depleted cells were activated using Lipopolysacharide (LPS) and Interferon gamma (IFN&#947;) and infected with antibody-opsonized Cryptococcus neoformans wild-type H99 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:1. Infected cells were monitored after 2 hr of incubation with C. neoformans and their phagocytic index was calculated. Cholesterol depletion resulted in a significant reduction in the phagocytic index. The presented protocols offer a convenient method to mimic the initiation of the infection process in a laboratory environment and study the role of host lipid composition on infectivity.

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

In this article, a protocol for infection of macrophages with Cryptococcus neoformans is described. Also, a method for sterol depletion from the macrophages is explained. These protocols provide a guide to study fungal infections in vitro and examine the role of sterols in such infections.

بلعم الكولسترول استنفاد وتأثيره على البلعمة من<em&gt; المستخفية المورمة</em

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by pathogenic fungi of the genus Cryptococcus. Infection occurs upon inhalation of spores, which are ...

Quantification of Cytosolic vs. Vacuolar Salmonella in Primary Macrophages by Differential Permeabilization

Intracellular bacterial pathogens can replicate in the cytosol or in specialized pathogen-containing vacuoles (PCVs). To reach the cytosol, bacteria like Shigella flexneri and Francisella novicida need to induce the rupture of the phagosome. In contrast, Salmonella typhimurium replicates in a vacuolar compartment, known as Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). However certain mutants of Salmonella fail to maintain SCV integrity and are thus released into the cytosol. The percentage of cytosolic vs. vacuolar bacteria on the level of single bacteria can be measured by differential permeabilization, also known as phagosome-protection assay. The approach makes use of the property of detergent digitonin to selectively bind cholesterol. Since the plasma membrane contains more cholesterol than other cellular membranes, digitonin can be used to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane while leaving intracellular membranes intact. In brief, following infection with the pathogen expressing a fluorescent marker protein (e.g. mCherry among others), the plasma membrane of host cells is permeabilized with a short incubation in digitonin containing buffer. Cells are then washed and incubated with a primary antibody (coupled to a fluorophore of choice) directed against the bacterium of choice (e.g. anti-Salmonella-FITC) and washed again. If unmarked bacteria are used, an additional step can be done, in which all membranes are permeabilized and all bacteria stained with a corresponding antibody. Following the staining, the percentage of vacuolar and cytosolic bacteria can be quantified by FACS or microscopy by counting single or double-positive events. Here we provide experimental details for use of this technique with the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. The advantage of this assay is that, in contrast to other assay, it provides a quantification on the level of single bacteria, and if analyzed by microscopy provides the exact number of cytosolic and vacuolar bacteria in a given cell.

Quantification of Cytosolic vs. Vacuolar Salmonella in Primary Macrophages by Differential Permeabilization

We describe the quantification of cytosolic and vacuolar Salmonella typhimurium in bone-marrow derived macrophages using differential digitonin permeabilization.

الكمي عصاري خلوي مقابل رغوي<em&gt; السالمونيلا</em&gt; في الضامة الابتدائية التي كتبها التفاضلية Permeabilization

Intracellular bacterial pathogens can replicate in the cytosol or in specialized pathogen-containing vacuoles (PCVs). To reach the cytosol, bacteria like ...

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S. typhimurium bacteria are quickly detected and phagocytized by macrophages, and contained in vesicles known as phagosomes in order to be degraded. Isolation of S. typhimurium-containing phagosomes have been widely used to study how S. typhimurium infection alters the process of phagosome maturation to prevent bacterial degradation. Classically, the isolation of bacteria-containing phagosomes has been performed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. However, this process is time-consuming, and requires specialized equipment and a certain degree of dexterity. Described here is a simple and quick method for the isolation of S. typhimurium-containing phagosomes from macrophages by coating the bacteria with biotin-streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads. Phagosomes obtained by this method can be suspended in any buffer of choice, allowing the utilization of isolated phagosomes for a broad range of assays, such as protein, metabolite, and lipid analysis. In summary, this method for the isolation of S. typhimurium-containing phagosomes is specific, efficient, rapid, requires minimum equipment, and is more versatile than the classical method of isolation by sucrose gradient-ultracentrifugation.

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

We describe here a simple and quick method for the isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing phagosomes from macrophages by coating the bacteria with biotin and streptavidin.

عزل السالمونيلا تيفيموريوم-التي تحتوي على فاجوسوميس من الضامة

Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S. ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and their important role in lung development and function, as well as their lung-localized responses to infection and inflammation. To date, no unified method for identification, isolation, and handling of alveolar macrophages from humans and mice exists. Such a method is needed for studies on these important innate immune cells in various experimental settings. The method described here, which can be easily adopted by any laboratory, is a simplified approach to harvesting alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or from lung tissue and maintaining them in vitro. Because alveolar macrophages primarily occur as adherent cells in the alveoli, the focus of this method is on dislodging them prior to harvest and identification. The lung is a highly vascularized organ, and various cell types of myeloid and lymphoid origin inhabit, interact, and are influenced by the lung microenvironment. By using the set of surface markers described here, researchers can easily and unambiguously distinguish alveolar macrophages from other leukocytes, and purify them for downstream applications. The culture method developed herein supports both human and mouse alveolar macrophages for in vitro growth, and is compatible with cellular and molecular studies.

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

This communication describes methodologies for isolation and culture of alveolar macrophages from humans and murine models for experimental purposes.

العزلة والثقافة في المختبر من البلاعم السنخية مورين والبشرية

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Tuning Degradation to Achieve Specific and Efficient Protein Depletion

The plant auxin binding receptor, TIR1, recognizes proteins containing a specific auxin-inducible degron (AID) motif in the presence of auxin, targeting them for degradation. This system is exploited in many non-plant eukaryotes, such that a target protein, tagged with the AID motif, is degraded upon auxin addition. The level of TIR1 expression is critical; excessive expression leads to degradation of the AID-tagged protein even in the absence of auxin, whereas low expression leads to slow depletion. A &#946;-estradiol-inducible AID system was created, with expression of TIR1 under the control of a &#946;-estradiol inducible promoter. The level of TIR1 is tunable by changing the time of incubation with &#946;-estradiol before auxin addition. This protocol describes how to rapidly deplete a target protein using the AID system. The appropriate &#946;-estradiol incubation time depends on the abundance of the target protein. Therefore, efficient depletion depends on optimal timing that also minimizes auxin-independent depletion.

Here, we present a protocol to effectively and specifically deplete a protein of interest in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the &#946;-est AID system.

ضبط التدهور لتحقيق استنفاد البروتين محددة وفعالة

The plant auxin binding receptor, TIR1, recognizes proteins containing a specific auxin-inducible degron (AID) motif in the presence of auxin, targeting ...