Name: a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) engrafted humanized xenograft model for translational immuno-oncology (i-o) research
Uploaded: 2019-08-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research at JoVE.com

We thank members of our laboratories for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by the Biomedical and Life Science Innovation and Cultivation Research Program of the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant Agreement No. Z151100003915070 (project &#34;Preclinical study on a novel immune oncology anti-tumor drug BGB-A317&#34;), and it was also partially supported by internal company funding for preclinical research.

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of BeiGene and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were approved by the Internal Review Board at BeiGene. This protocol has been specifically adjusted for the evaluation of BGB-A317 (...

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Our knowledge of cancer development and progression has advanced significantly in recent years, with focus on a comprehensive understanding of both the tumor cells and its associated stroma. Harnessing the host immune mechanisms could induce a greater impact against cancer cells, representing a promising treatment strategy. Murine models with intact mouse immune systems, such as syngeneic and GEM models, have been widely used to study checkpoint-mediated immunity. Efficacy assessments using these models depend largely on...

Immuno-oncology (I-O) is a rapidly expanding field of cancer treatment. Researchers have recently started to appreciate the therapeutic potential of modulating functions of the immune system to attack tumors. Immune checkpoint blockades have demonstrated encouraging activities in a variety of cancer types, including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck, lung, bladder and prostate cancers1,2. Contrary to targeted therapies that directly kill &#160;cancer cells, I-O therapies potentiate the body&#8217;s immune system to attack tumors3.
To date, numerous relevant I-O animal models have been established. These include: 1) mouse tumor cell lines or tumor homograft in syngeneic mice; 2) spontaneous tumors derived from genetically engineered mouse (GEM) or carcinogen-induction; 3) chimeric GEMs with the knock-in of human drug target(s) in a functional murine immune system; and 4) mice with reconstituted human immunity transplanted with human cancer cells or patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Each of these models have obvious advantages as well as limitations, which have been described and reviewed extensively elsewhere4.
Reconstitution of human immunity in immunodeficient mice have been growingly appreciated as a clinically relevant approach for translational I-O research. This is usually achieved through either 1) engraftment of adult immune cells (e.g., peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC))5,6, or 2) engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from, for example, umbilical cord blood or fetal liver7,8. These humanized mice could support the growth of human tumors, thus allowing the assessment of I-O therapies in the context of both human immunity and human cancers. Despite the advantages, applications of humanized mice in I-O research were usually hindered by several concerns, such as long model development time and considerably high cost.
Here, we describe a human PBMC-based model that could be widely applied for translational I-O studies. This model is comparatively time- and cost-effective with high reproducibility in efficacy studies. It has been used in-house for the evaluations of several I-O therapeutics currently under preclinical and clinical development. BGB-A317 (Tislelizumab), an investigational humanized anti-PD-1 antibody9 , is used as the example to discuss model development, characterization, and possible applications for anti-tumor efficacy analyses.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:955px;" width="955">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">PBMC separation /cell culture</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Histopaque-1077</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">10771</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">10-013-CVR</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">21-031-CVR</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">35-076-CV</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin, Liquid</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">15140-163</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), phenol red</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">25200-114</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">356237</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">CDX inoculation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">FACS analysis</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Deoxyribonuclease I from bovine pancreas</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">DN25</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sample preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Collagenase Type I</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">C0130</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sample preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-mouse/human CD11b (M1/70) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">101206</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-mouse Ly-6C (HK1.4) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">128008</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-mouse Ly-6G (1A8) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">127614</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-human CD8 (OKT8) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Sungene Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">H10082-11H</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-human CD279 (MIH4) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">12-9969-42</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-human CD3 (HIT3a) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">4A Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">--</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">Guava easyCyte 8HT Benchtop Flow Cytometer</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">0500-4008</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">Tumor/PDX implantation /dosing / measurement</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Cyclophosphamide</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">J&#38;K</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Cat#419656, CAS#6055-19-2</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">In vivo efficacy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Disulfiram</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">J&#38;K</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Cat#591123, CAS#97-77-8</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">In vivo efficacy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">300841</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">CDX inoculation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Hypodermic needles (14G)</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Shanghai SA Mediciall &#38; Plastic Instruments Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">0.7*32 TW SB</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">PDX inoculation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Vernier Caliper (MarCal)</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Mahr</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">16ER</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Tumor measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">IVC individual ventilated cages</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Lingyunboji Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">IVC-128</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Animal facility</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">IHC</td>
			<td style="width:211px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Leica ASP200 Vacuum tissue processor</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">ASP200</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:408px;">Leica RM2235 Manual Rotary Microtome for Routine Sectioning</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">RM2235</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Leica EG1150 H Heated Paraffin Embedding Module</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">EG1150 H</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Ariol-Clinical IHC and FISH Scanner</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Ariol</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-human CD8 (EP334) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">ZSGB-Bio</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">ZA-0508</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-human PD1 [NAT105] antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">ab52587</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:408px;">Anti-human PD-L1 (E1L3N) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">13684S</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:408px;">Polink-2 plus Polymer HRP Detection System</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">ZSGB-Bio</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">PV-9001/9002</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">IHC</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) engrafted humanized xenograft model for translational immuno-oncology (i-o) research

The discovery and development of immuno-oncology (I-O) therapy in recent years represents a milestone in the treatment of cancer. However, treatment challenges persist. Robust and disease-relevant animal models are vital resources for continued preclinical research and development in order to address a range of additional immune checkpoints. Here, we describe a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) &#8212; based humanized xenograft model. BGB-A317 (Tislelizumab), an investigational humanized anti-PD-1 antibody in late-stage clinical development, is used as an example to discuss platform set-up, model characterization and drug efficacy evaluations. These humanized mice support the growth of most human tumors tested, thus allowing the assessment of I-O therapies in the context of both human immunity and human cancers. Once established, our model is comparatively time- and cost-effective, and usually yield highly reproducible results. We suggest that the protocol outlined in this article could serve as a general guideline for establishing mouse models reconstituted with human PBMC and tumors for I-O research.

Following the procedures presented here, a PBMC-based humanized xenograft model was successfully established. In brief, CP myeloablation effects in NOD/SCID mice was determined by flow cytometry analysis of neutrophil and monocyte populations post CP and DS treatment (Figure 1). 100 mg/kg CP plus 125 mg/kg DS was determined as the optimal dose and used in later studies as the regimen results in maximum depletion of neutrophils and monocytes without causing severe toxicity to mice. Next, huma...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research at JoVE.com

A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell PBMC Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology I-O Research

We describe a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) &#8212; based humanized xenograft mouse model for translational immuno-oncology research. This protocol could serve as a general guideline for establishing and characterizing similar models for I-O therapy assessment.

A Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology (I-O) Research

The discovery and development of immuno-oncology (I-O) therapy in recent years represents a milestone in the treatment of cancer. However, treatment ...

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Cancer Research

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Circulating Tumor Cell Lines: an Innovative Tool for Fundamental and Translational Research

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