Name: massive pontine hemorrhage by dual injection of autologous blood
Uploaded: 2021-05-29T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Massive Pontine Hemorrhage by Dual Injection of Autologous Blood at JoVE.com

This study was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (81471181 and 81870933) and the Opening Lab Program of Guangzhou Medical University (0506308) to Y Jiang, and by the National Science Foundation of China (81701471) and the Scientific Program of Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission (20191A011083) to Z Qiu, and by the National Science Foundation of China (81501009) to L Wu.

The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Rats were provided by the Animal Center of Southern Medical University. The experimental design is shown in Figure 1.
1. Animal and instruments
<ol>
	<li>Use 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 &#177; 10 g.</li>
	<li>House the rats for at least 7 days before surgery under controlled environmenta...

<ol>
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In the present study, we provided a protocol to generate a massive pontine hemorrhage rat model. This model can be used for the research on the pathophysiological mechanism and prognosis of massive pontine hemorrhage.
Throughout the experiment, 25 rats were used, of which only one died. The verification of MRI, gross anatomy, and the HE staining indicated that this method had a very low mortality rate and a high success rate. To establish massive pontine hemorrhage model, two problems must be ...

Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for one-fifth of stroke patients. The prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage depends on the speed, volume, and location of bleeding1,2. Compared to the forebrain hemorrhage, the brainstem hemorrhage has higher mortality and morbidity3. About 40% of brainstem hemorrhage occurs in the pons4. The etiology and pathophysiology of pontine hemorrhage are quite different and less studied than forebrain hemorrhage5.
There are two kinds of pontine hemorrhage animal models. One is spontaneous hemorrhage model induced by infusion of bacterial collagenase in the pons6,7,8. The biggest advantage of this model is that the bleeding is spontaneous. However, collagenase can only induce a small volume of pontine hemorrhage. Besides, collagenase might cause other injuries to the brain. The other model is induced by stereotactic injection of autologous blood into the pons9. The advantage of this model is that it is easy to master with a high success rate. Theoretically, researchers could inject any volume of blood into any location of pons. However, due to the back-leakage through the needle route, the injected volume is limited. Recently, the double-injection method has been promoted to reduce the back-leakage9. This method injects autologous blood twice with a 20-minute interval between the injections. The double-injection method is applied to induce mild (30 &#181;L) and moderate (60 &#181;L) pontine hemorrhage but not massive pontine hemorrhage. In the clinic, the majority of pontine hemorrhage patients with poor prognosis have massive hemorrhage (more than 10 mL).
In the previous study, we provided a protocol to establish a pontine ischemic stroke model in rat10. In this study, we modify the existing dual injection method, and provide a detailed protocol to induce massive pontine hemorrhage in a rat by dual injection of 100 &#181;L autologous blood at two different locations in the pons.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>100ml Saline solution</td>
			<td>Guangdong yixiang</td>
			<td>191222201 C1</td>
			<td>Preparing heparin diluent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100&#956;l Microinjector</td>
			<td>Shanghai Gaoge</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Injection of autologous blood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml Syringe</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Zhiyu</td>
			<td>20191014</td>
			<td>Withdraw autologous blood from the tail vein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75% Alcohol</td>
			<td>Shandong Lierkang</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Disinfection of rat tail</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adhesive tape</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinzhong</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal anesthesia system</td>
			<td>RWD</td>
			<td>R510-31S-6</td>
			<td>Inducing and maintaining anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Balance beam</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Saiangsi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For neurological deficit scores</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blades</td>
			<td>Shanghai Feiying</td>
			<td>74-C</td>
			<td>For gross anatomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone cement</td>
			<td>Shanghai Xinshiji</td>
			<td>20180306</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain tank</td>
			<td>Shenzhen LEIYEA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For gross anatomy</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Butorphanol tartrate</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Hengrui</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For pain management</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric cranial drill</td>
			<td>Nanjing&#160; Darwin biotechnology</td>
			<td>20180090018</td>
			<td>Making a burr hole on the skull</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EP tube</td>
			<td>Nantong Surui</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Transfer autologous blood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Erythromycin eye cream</td>
			<td>Yunnan pharmacy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Eyes protection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HE dye liquor</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>G1120</td>
			<td>For HE staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heating&#160;pad</td>
			<td>Dangerous Jungle</td>
			<td>JR01</td>
			<td>Keeping warm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium injection</td>
			<td>Chengdu Haitong Pharmacal Company</td>
			<td>190701</td>
			<td>Preparing heparin diluent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IndoPhors</td>
			<td>Guoyao of China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sterilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>RWD</td>
			<td>20080701</td>
			<td>Inducing and maintaining anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light dark box</td>
			<td>Jiangsu Saiangsi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For neurological deficit scores</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-injection pump</td>
			<td>Baoding Leifu</td>
			<td>TFD03-01-C</td>
			<td>Injection of autologous blood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MRI system</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Confirmation of infarction in vivo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinzhong</td>
			<td>J32020</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicilin</td>
			<td>Guoyao of China</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Infection Prevention</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Q-tips</td>
			<td>Jiangxi Songhe</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalp heedle</td>
			<td>Jiangxi Hongda</td>
			<td>20200313</td>
			<td>Withdraw autologous blood from the tail vein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel</td>
			<td>Shanghai Kaiyuan</td>
			<td>170902</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shearing scissors</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinzhong</td>
			<td>Y00040</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic apparatus</td>
			<td>RWD</td>
			<td>900-00001-00</td>
			<td>for surgical positioning</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical towel</td>
			<td>Xinxiang Huakangweicai</td>
			<td>20070601</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture needle</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinzhong</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suture scissors</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinzhong</td>
			<td>J25041</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue holding forcepts</td>
			<td>Shanghai Jinzhong</td>
			<td>J31080</td>
			<td>Surgicl instruments</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

massive pontine hemorrhage by dual injection of autologous blood

We provide a protocol to establish a massive pontine hemorrhage model in a rat. Rats weighing about 250 grams were used in this study. One hundred microliters of autologous blood was taken from the tail vein and stereotaxically injected into the pons. The injection process was divided into 2 steps: First, 10 &#181;L of blood was injected into a specific location, anteroposterior position (AP) -9.0 mm; lateral (Lat) 0 mm; vertical (Vert) -9.2 mm, followed by a second injection of the residual blood located at AP -9.0 mm; Lat 0 mm; Vert -9.0 mm with a 20-minute interval. The balance beam test, limb placement test, and the modified Voestch neuroscore were used to evaluate neurological function. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to assess the volume of hemorrhage in vivo. The symptoms of this model were in line with patients with massive pontine hemorrhage.

A total of 25 animals were used, 3 for control, 6 for 30 &#181;L, 6 for 60 &#181;L, and 10 for 100 &#181;L blood injections. One rat that received a 100 &#181;L injection of autologous blood (1/10) died within 24 hours after surgery.
Behavioral tests were conducted on Day 1, Day 3, Day 7 and Day 14 after surgery. The scores for the control group and blood-injection groups on different timepoints after surgery are presented in <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Massive Pontine Hemorrhage by Dual Injection of Autologous Blood at JoVE.com

Massive Pontine Hemorrhage by Dual Injection of Autologous Blood

We present a protocol to establish a massive pontine hemorrhage model in a rat via dual injection of autologous blood.

We provide a protocol to establish a massive pontine hemorrhage model in a rat. Rats weighing about 250 grams were used in this study. One hundred ...

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